Experimental studies on the tribological behaviour of engine oil (SAE15W40) with the addition of CuO nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu V. Thottackkad ◽  
P.K. Rajendrakumar ◽  
K. Prabhakaran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Viscosity Coefficient ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Percentage Basis

Purpose – This manuscript aims to deal with the tribological property variations of engine oil (SAE15W40) by the addition of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on weight percentage basis. Design/methodology/approach – Experimental studies on the influence of CuO nanoparticles utilised as an additive in lubricating oil (SAE15W40) under boundary lubrication conditions have been carried out using a pin-on-disc machine in accordance with ASTM G-99 standard. The variation of viscosity, coefficient of friction, wear and settling of nanoparticles has been studied as a function of particle concentration in the lubricant. Findings – Results show that the frictional force and specific wear rate decrease with an increase in concentration of nanoparticles comes to a minimum at a specific concentration and then increases, showing the presence of an optimum concentration. With the increase in concentration of nanoparticles, the kinematic and dynamic viscosities, and the flash and fire points are found to increase. Originality/value – The use of CuO nanoparticles as additives to a moderate level is a very efficient means of improving the tribological properties of lubricating oils.

Effect of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles as an additive on the extreme pressure properties of engine oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah ◽  
Noreffendy Tamaldin ◽  
Hilmi Amiruddin ◽  
Nur Rashid Mat Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Sonication Technique

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles on extreme pressure (EP) properties when used as an additive in lubricating oil. Design/methodology/approach The nano-oil was prepared by dispersing an optimal composition of 0.5 vol. per cent of 70 nm hBN in SAE 15W-40 diesel engine oil using a sonication technique. The tribological testing was performed using a four-ball tribometer according to the ASTM standard. Findings It was found that the nano-oil has a potential to decelerate the seizure point on the contact surfaces, where higher EP can be obtained. More adhesive wear was observed on the worn surfaces of ball bearing lubricated with SAE 15W-40 diesel engine oil as compared with the nano-oil lubrication. Originality/value The results of the experimental studies demonstrated the potential of hBN as an additive for improving the load-carrying ability of lubricating oil.

Effect of particle size on mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of aluminium/fly ash composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnan Ravi Kumar ◽  
Kothavady Mylsamy Mohanasundaram ◽  
Ganesan Arumaikkannu ◽  
Ramanathan Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Pin On Disc

AbstractIn the present study, aluminium alloy (A380) composites containing 3, 6, 9 and 12 weight percentage of fly ash particles were fabricated by liquid metallurgy technique. Three different size ranges of fly ash particles (50–75 μm, 75–103 μm and 103–150 μm) were used. The composites were evaluated for hardness, tensile strength, density, dry sliding wear and frictional behaviour. Pin-on disc apparatus was used to conduct wear tests at loads of 20, 30 and 40 N at a sliding speed of 3 m/s for a constant period of 10 min. Results showed that hardness, ultimate tensile strength, wear resistance and coefficient of friction were superior in composites reinforced with coarse fly ash particles (103–150 μm) compared to composites with fine particles. The hardness, ultimate tensile strength and wear resistance increased, whereas the coefficient of friction and density decreased with the increase in weight percentage of fly ash. Wear resistance and coefficient of friction decreased with increase in applied load. Scanning electron microscope investigations of worn-out samples were carried out to study the progress of wear.

EVALUATION ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DOUBLE FRACTIONATED PALM OLEIN AT DIFFERENT LOADS USING PIN-ON-DISC MACHINE

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nuraliza ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
M.N. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pin On Disc

The use of vegetable oil-based lubricant as a lubricant in various applications has increased and it is eyed by the industry due to its superior tribological properties, besides possessing the potential to replace petroleum-based lubricants. Palm olein is one of alternative lubricants that could be suitable and attractive as a lubricant to be studied due to its advantages and large production in the country. Thus, in this study, the behavior of palm olein characteristics was investigated by using pin-on-disc experiment, in which a hemispherical pin was loaded against the rotating grooved disc. The experiments via sliding were performed with pin-on-disc tester using pure aluminum as the material for hemispherical pin and SKD11 for disc. The test was implemented by dropping continuous flow of palm olein as lubricating oil on sliding surface at different loads applied, which were 10N, 50N, and 100N. The wear rate of the pin and the friction coefficient were also investigated. Moreover, the surface roughness before and after the experiment was analyzed as well. All the results obtained were compared to hydraulic oil and engine oil-SAE 40. From the analysis, the friction coefficient acquired from lubricated with palm olein was the lowest for both conditions. The wear rate obtained for the three lubricants increased from 10N to 100N load for palm oil, but decreased for hydraulic and engine oil-SAE 40. Meanwhile, the wear rate obtained for lubrication with hydraulic oil showed the lowest value compared to Engine oil-SAE 40 and double fractionated palm olein. 

TRIBOLOGICAL AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF JATROPHA OIL CONTAINING TIO2 NANOPARTICLES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaganapathy C ◽  
Vasudevan D
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Wire Method ◽  
Surface Examination

In this paper, an attempt was made, to evaluate the tribological performance of Jatropa oil with addition of nanoparticles, on wear reduction in Al 6082 and it was compared with SAE20W40 engine oil. Experiments were conducted with pure Jatropa oil with different weight percentage of TiO2 nanoparticles such as 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%. The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of the Al specimens were found by using pin on disc tribo-meter as per ASTM G99 standards, at constant speed of 1m/s using different loads such as 20N, 40N and 60N. The experimental results indicated that the addition of TiO2 with Jatropa oil indicated good friction reduction and anti-wear properties, compared to SAE20W40 engine oil. The lubricant viscosity and thermal conductivity were measured using Redwood viscometer and Transient hot wire method. Surface analysis was done using scanning electron microscopy to the study surface morphology of pin material. Surface examination revealed that TiO2 Nanoparticles lead to smoother worn surfaces than commercial Engine oil SAE20W40.

Synthesis and evaluation of ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal S. Ahmed ◽  
Hamdy S. Abdel-Hameed ◽  
Ahmed F. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Amal M. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits ◽  
New Compounds

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines by preparing different ashless detergent/dispersant additives based on propylene oxide (PO) and different amines. Carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines are the major problems associated with oil aging. Efficient detergents and dispersants have been used to solve this problem, particularly in lubricating oils. Design/methodology/approach – The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determination of molecular weight. This was followed by the evaluation of the prepared compounds such as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives for lubricating engine oil using several techniques such as variation of viscosity ratio, change in total acid number, optical density using infrared techniques, spot method, determination of sludge and determination the potential detergent dispersant efficiency (PDDE). Findings – All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds such as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion, detergency and the most efficient additives such as antioxidant those prepared by using n,n-dimethyloctadecylamine (NDOA) and di-n-butyl dithio phosphoric acid. Practical implications – The paper includes preparation of new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives by using several techniques. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to prepare new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as additives by using different methods. All were found to have better efficiency as compared with commercial additives.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Tribological Behavior of Journal Bearing Material under Powder and Granular Lubrication

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2553-2557
Author(s):  
Ashwini Haral
Keyword(s):  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Bearing Material ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Powder Lubrication ◽  
Taguchi Robust Design

Abstract: Proper lubrication of mechanical components is very important for the reliable efficiency and useful life. The working temperature of the components can affect the lubricating oil and can degrade the lubricating characteristics of oil. This paper presents the experimental investigation on tribological behaviour of journal bearing material. Two types of additives are used in lubricating oili.e., powder and granular types of additives. The investigation is carried out on pin-on-disc apparatus to determine the wear and coefficient of friction. The statistical analysis is performed using design of experiments and Taguchi robust design to determine the optimum parameters of lubricating additives. It is found that for constant speed of 400 rpm with 5% concentration with varying size the granular lubrication have lower values than powder lubrication for all load conditions Keywords: Lubrication, pin-on-disc, Taguchi, additives.

Tribological behaviour of mineral and rapeseed oils containing iron particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Maliar ◽  
Satish Achanta ◽  
Henrikas Cesiulis ◽  
Dirk Drees
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mineral Oils

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological behaviour of commercially available SAE 10 mineral and rapeseed oils containing Fe particles synthesized directly in the oil phase. Design/methodology/approach – Sub-micron Fe particles (50-340 nm) were synthesized by wet chemical reduction reaction of FeSO4 by sodium borohydride in the rapeseed and mineral oils in the presence of surfactant: block copolymer (ENB 90R4) or oxyethylated alcohol (OS-20). A four-ball wear tribometer was used to investigate the tribological properties of mineral and rapeseed oil: coefficient of friction (COF), wear scar diameter and wear loss. Viscosity measurements of oil solutions and determination of synthesized Fe particles size were performed as well. Findings – The presence of Fe particles (0.1 weight per cent) in the rapeseed and mineral oils caused the little change in the COF but resulted in marked improvement of anti-wear property. The oils containing Fe particles with slightly higher viscosity are giving more friction due to viscous drag. The anti-wear enhancement is attributed to the formation of tribofilm and superior load-bearing capability of the modified oil. Both rapeseed and mineral oils irrespective of used surfactant in the presence of 0.1 weight per cent Fe particles (50-140 nm) show sufficiently improved anti-wear properties. Originality/value – The data collection about tribological behaviour of oils containing Fe particles and various additives in lubricants has a practical interest. The findings could be helpful to increase the knowledge of the behaviour of real tribological systems, where the metallic debris are generated during friction and contaminate the lubricating oil.

The importance of 2 per cent PTFE/FeF3 additives in engine fully formulated oil for reducing friction and wear under boundary lubrication condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi N Nehme ◽  
Saeed Ghalambor
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Minimum Wear

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the topics of phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) in engine oil. Very reproducible boundary lubrication tests were conducted as part of Design of Experiments software to study the behavior of fluorinated catalyst iron fluoride (FeF3) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the development of environment-friendly (reduced P and S) anti-wear additives for future engine oil formulations. Multi-component fully formulated oils were used with and without the addition of PTFE and fluorinated catalyst to characterize and analyze their performance. Design/methodology/approach – A boundary lubrication protocol was used in the DOE tests to study their tribological behavior. Lubricant additives like PTFE and FeF3 catalyst were used at different concentrations to investigate the wear resistance and the time for a full breakdown under extreme loading conditions. Experiments indicated that new sub-micron FeF3 catalyst plays an important role in preventing the breakdown of the tribofilm. Findings – This paper explores the effect of PTFE and FeF3 catalyst on the performance of fully formulated engine oils. The purpose was to develop equations for minimum wear volume and maximum time for full breakdown. Emphasis was, therefore, given to conditions where the additives were working effectively for minimizing zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (P per cent). Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone. Originality/value – Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone.

Experimental study of wear for implant materials under dry sliding conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Mojumder ◽  
Soumya Sikdar ◽  
Subrata Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Disc Material ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Better Than

Purpose Artificial biomaterials are implanted to the human body to support the structure depending upon the extent of deformity or damage. This paper aims to formulate an experimental approach to assess the suitability of materials that can be used in the manufacture of human implants. Design/methodology/approach Five different pin materials such as SS304, Alumina, HDPE, UHMWPE and Brass have been chosen to be suitable for implants. The tribological properties of the aforementioned materials have been tested on a simple pin-on-disc apparatus. EN31 was chosen as the disc material because its hardness value is much higher than that of the pin materials used. The test materials were constructed in the form of spherical end pins to have point contacts and to reduce the depth of wear. Findings It has been observed that the polymeric (HDPE and UHMWPE) and ceramic materials (Alumina) are much better than the traditional metallic materials. The wear rate is very low for these materials owing to their self-lubricating properties. Practical implications The experimental studies will help predict the performance and life of implant materials in the human body. Originality/value In most cases, SS316L that possesses nickel compositions is used as the disc material; SS316L is toxic to the human body. In the present study, a high carbon alloy steel with high degrees of hardness EN31 is used as a disc counter-face material.

scholarly journals Rheological and Thermal Properties of Lubricating Oil Enhanced by the Effect of CuO and TiO2 Nano-Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Sukkar ◽  
Abullhassan A. Karamalluh ◽  
Thulfiqar N. Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Titanium Oxides ◽  
Spherical Nanoparticles ◽  
Nano Additives

The specifications of lubricating oil are fundamentally the final product of materials that have been added for producing the desired properties. In this research, spherical nanoparticles copper oxide (CuO) and titanium oxides (TiO2) are added to SAE 15W40 engine oil to study the thermal conductivity, stability, viscosity of nano-lubricants, which are prepared at different concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight, and also their pour point, and flash point as five quality parameters. The obtained results show that CuO nanoparticles in all cases, give the best functionality and effect on engine oil with respect to TiO2. With 0.1 wt. % concentration, the thermal conductivity of CuO/oil and TiO2/oil increased by 7.27% and 4.54%, respectively. In the same time, the flash point of them increased by 12.62% and 9.3%, respectively in comparison with parent oil.

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