Characteristic properties of AlTiN and TiN coated HSS materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumin Sahin ◽  
Cenk Misirli ◽  
Dervis Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Future Work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine mechanical and metallurgical properties of AlTiN- and TiN-coates high-speed steel (HSS) materials in detail. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, HSS steel parts have been processed through machining and have been coated with AlTiN and TiN on physical vapour deposition workbench at approximately 6,500°C for 4 hours. Tensile strength, fatigue strength, hardness tests for AlTiN- and TiN-coated HSS samples have been performed; moreover, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis and microstructure analysis have been made by scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results have been compared with uncoated HSS components. Findings – It was found that tensile strength of TiAlN- and TiN-coated HSS parts is higher than that of uncoated HSS parts. Highest tensile strength has been obtained from TiN-coated HSS parts. Number of cycles for failure of TiAlN- and TiN-coated HSS parts is higher than that for HSS parts. Particularly TiN-coated HSS parts have the most valuable fatigue results. However, surface roughness of fatigue samples may cause notch effect. For this reason, surface roughness of coated HSS parts is compared with that of uncoated ones. While the average surface roughness (Ra) of the uncoated samples was in the range of 0.40 μm, that of the AlTiN- and TiN-coated samples was in the range of 0.60 and 0.80 μm, respectively. Research limitations/implications – It would be interesting to search different coatings for cutting tools. It could be the good idea for future work to concentrate on wear properties of tool materials. Practical implications – The detailed mechanical and metallurgical results can be used to assess the AlTiN and TiN coating applications in HSS materials. Originality/value – This paper provides information on mechanical and metallurgical behaviour of AlTiN- and TiN-coated HSS materials and offers practical help for researchers and scientists working in the coating area.

Hardening of Selective Laser Melted M2 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Haoxing You ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Richard D. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to make the near-net-shape metal parts. M2 is a high-speed steel widely used in cutting tools, which is due to its high hardness of this steel. Conventionally, the hardening heat treatment process, including quenching and tempering, is conducted to achieve the high hardness for M2 wrought parts. It was debated if the hardening is needed for additively manufactured M2 parts. In the present work, the M2 steel part is fabricated by SLM. It is found that the hardness of as-fabricated M2 SLM parts is much lower than the hardened M2 wrought parts. The characterization was conducted including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the microstructure evolution of as-fabricated, quenched, and tempered M2 SLM part. The M2 wrought part was heat-treated simultaneously with the SLM part for comparison. It was found the hardness of M2 SLM part after heat treatment is increased and comparable to the wrought part. Both quenched and tempered M2 SLM and wrought parts have the same microstructure, while the size of the carbides in the wrought part is larger than that in the SLM part.

scholarly journals Lifetime and Performance Improvement of HSS Drill Bit by Titania (TiO2) Nano-Coatings and Cryogenic Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1393
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Drill Bits

The small and medium scale industry in drilling and cutting sector widely use cutting tools made by High Speed Steel (HSS). The improvement of lifetime of HSS drill bits helps these establishments to achieve product economy. The improvement in the performance and service lifetime of high-speed steel (HSS) twisted drill bits are studied by depositing Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nano-coatings using reactive dc magnetron sputtering Method. Pure titanium (99.99%) metal is used as target material for making nano-coatings in oxygen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction studies indicated change of phase of annealed samples compared to as-deposited coatings. X-ray reflection (XRR) measurements estimated nanocoating thickness on the HSS drill bit around 100nm. The lifetime of TiO2 nano-coated, and cryogenically treated nano-coated tools significantly improved compared to uncoated (bare) HSS drill bit. The tool life has been enhanced by about 16% when TiO2 nano-coatings were made on HSS drill bits. Further lifetime enhancement of 10% was observed when the nanocoated drill bit is given cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen. SEM images and EDS profiles are reported. The minimum surface roughness measured as 7.296x10-6m for TiO2 coated and cryo-treated HSS drill tool.

An experimental investigation of thrust force, delamination and surface roughness in drilling of jute/carbon hybrid composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathiyamoorthy Margabandu ◽  
Senthilkumar Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to deal with the influence of cutting parameters on drill thrust force, delamination and surface roughness in the drilling of laminated jute/carbon hybrid composites. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid composites were fabricated with four layers of fabrics, which are arranged in different sequences using the hand-layup technique. Drilling experiments involved drilling of 6 mm diameter holes on the prepared composite plates using high-speed steel and solid carbide drill materials. Analysis of variance was used to find the influence, percentage contribution and significance of drilling parameters on drilling-induced damages. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was also conducted to understand the fracture behavior and surface morphology of the drilled holes. Findings The experimental study reveals that the most significant effect was the feed rate influenced the drill thrust force and the drill speed influenced both delamination factor and surface roughness of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. From observations, the suggested combination for drilling jute/carbon hybrid composites is carbide drill, spindle speed of 1,750 rpm and feed of 0.03 mm/rev. Originality/value The new lightweight and low-cost hybrid composites were developed by hybridizing jute with carbon fabrics in the epoxy matrix with interplay arrangements. The influence of cutting speed and feed rate on delamination damage and surface roughness in the drilling of hybrid composites have been experimentally evaluated.

Effects of laser shock processing on abrasion resistance of high speed steel cutting tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-733
Author(s):  
Yujie Fan ◽  
Feng Xue ◽  
Yuankai Zhou ◽  
Yibin Dai ◽  
Pengfei Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Laser Shock Processing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shock Processing

Purpose As a key basic component used in machining, high-speed steel (HSS) tools often prone to wear and failure during machining. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to adopt a suitable approach to improve the stability of the cutting force, the service life and the wear resistance. Design/methodology/approach Laser shock processing (LSP) was used to process the tool rake face and the tribological test was performed with ball-on-disk wear tester. Findings Experimental results show that cutting force of the LSP-treated tool is lower than untreated tool under the same cutting conditions. Wear rate of the tool nose treated by LSP decreases obviously and the tool life increases by 40 per cent. Originality/value HSS is often used in the manufacture of complex cutting tools. The main value of this article is to improve the tool surface wear resistance, thereby extending the service life of cutter. This paper is valuable not only in theory but also with reference value in engineering practice.

scholarly journals Tool Wear and Surface Evaluation in Drilling Fly Ash Geopolymer Using HSS, HSS-Co, and HSS-TiN Cutting Tools

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Mohd Fathullah Ghazali ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim ◽  
Joanna Gondro ◽  
Paweł Pietrusiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Potential Use

This paper reports on the potential use of geopolymer in the drilling process, with respect to tool wear and surface roughness. The objectives of this research are to analyze the tool life of three different economy-grade drill bit uncoated; high-speed steel (HSS), HSS coated with TiN (HSS-TiN), and HSS-cobalt (HSS-Co) in the drilling of geopolymer and to investigate the effect of spindle speed towards the tool life and surface roughness. It was found that, based on the range of parameters set in this experiment, the spindle speed is directly proportional to the tool wear and inversely proportional to surface roughness. It was also observed that HSS-Co produced the lowest value of surface roughness compared to HSS-TiN and uncoated HSS and therefore is the most favorable tool to be used for drilling the material. For HSS, HSS coated with TiN, and HSS-Co, only the drilling with the spindle speed of 100 rpm was able to drill 15 holes without surpassing the maximum tool wear of 0.10 mm. HSS-Co exhibits the greatest tool life by showing the lowest value of flank wear and produce a better surface finish to the sample by a low value of surface roughness value (Ra). This finding explains that geopolymer is possible to be drilled, and therefore, ranges of cutting tools and parameters suggested can be a guideline for researchers and manufacturers to drill geopolymer for further applications.

Surface temperature and wear particle analysis of vertical motion double-nut ball screws

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-962
Author(s):  
Jeng-Haur Horng ◽  
Shin-Yuh Chern ◽  
Chi-Lin Li ◽  
Yang-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the temperature and wear properties of vertical ball screws and to discuss the surface design of ball screws in industrial applications. Design/methodology/approach The energy equation of the screw surface considering the frictional heat was established to verify the surface temperature of the ball screw. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the micro-contact temperature between the ball and screw. Debris size and density were examined to investigate wear properties of ball screws and to study the relationship of wear debris and temperature. Findings First, the main energy source for the surface temperature of high speed vertical ball screws is derived from friction force between ball and screw. Second, the temperature rise between the ball and screw has great relevance with wear debris concentration. Third, the surface temperature of the screw is higher than between the nut and ball for high speed vertical ball screws due to high convection heat transfer. The contact temperature of the nut near the flange is smaller than that of the nut away from the flange end due to the high contact load and thermal conduction. Finally, correlation of particle size and surface roughness value for vertical ball screws was established, and its effects on contact temperature were studied. The theoretical analysis and experiments will help to characterize the design and manufacture of vertical ball screws. Originality/value The surface temperature and micro-contact temperature analytical model were established to study the ball screw design. Based on the surface-particle micro-contact temperature balance, the optimal range of surface roughness was designed for vertical ball screws, considering the wear debris and micro-contact temperature.

scholarly journals Optimization Drilling Parameters of Aluminum Alloy Based on Taguchi Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Aseel Jameel Haleel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Tool Diameter ◽  
Twist Drills

This paper focuses on the optimization of drilling parameters by utilizing “Taguchi method” to obtain the minimum surface roughness. Nine drilling experiments were performed on Al 5050 alloy using high speed steel twist drills. Three drilling parameters (feed rates, cutting speeds, and cutting tools) were used as control factors, and L9 (33) “orthogonal array” was specified for the experimental trials. Signal to Noise (S/N) Ratio and “Analysis of Variance” (ANOVA) were utilized to set the optimum control factors which minimized the surface roughness. The results were tested with the aid of statistical software package MINITAB-17. After the experimental trails, the tool diameter was found as the most important factor that has effect on the surface roughness. The optimal drilling factors that minimized the surface roughness are (20mm/min cutting speed, 0.2 mm/rev feed rate, and 10mm tool diameter).

The Influence of Copy Strategy on the Tool Life of Ball End Mills and Achieved Surface Roughness

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vopát ◽  
Jozef Peterka ◽  
Vladimír Šimna ◽  
Ivan Buranský
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
End Mills

The article deals with the tool life of ball nose end mills and surface roughness of steel C45 depending on up-copying and down-copying. The cemented carbide and high speed steel was used as tool material. Furthermore, the new and sharpened cutting tools were also compared. In the experiment, the cutting speed, feed rate, axial and radial depth of cut were not changed. The results show different achieved surface roughness of machined material C45 and tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the copy milling strategy for various tool materials.

Research on the Cutting Properties of SiC/Cu Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1239-1242
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Jian Gang Li ◽  
Nian Suo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Steel Tool ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Cemented Carbide Tool ◽  
Experimental Cutting ◽  
Lathe Tool

The cemented carbide tool and high speed steel tool are used as experimental cutting tools. The cutting properties of composite were studied by cutting lathe, tool microscope and light-section method microscope. The results show that carbide and high speed steel tool flank wear rate increase with the increasing of SiC particles size as well as the content of SiC particles. When the particles size of SiC is 40μm, composite cutting surface roughness increases with increasing of the content of SiC particles. While the particles size of SiC is 20μm, composite cutting surface roughness decreases with increasing of the content of SiC particles. In the same cutting conditions, the Carbide tolls have longer life than high-speed steel tools.

scholarly journals Effect of Chromium on Microstructure and Oxidation Wear Behavior of High-Boron High-Speed Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Pengjia Guo ◽  
Shengqiang Ma ◽  
Ming Jiao ◽  
Ping Lv ◽  
Jiandong Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Boron ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Oxidation Wear

In order to investigate the effect of Cr content on the microstructures and oxidation wear properties of high-boron high-speed steel (HBHSS), so as to explore oxidation wear resistant materials (e.g., hot rollers), a scanning electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer, an electron probe X-ray microanalysis and an oxidation wear test at elevated temperatures were employed to investigate worn surfaces and worn layers. The results showed that the addition of Cr resulted in the transformation of martensite into ferrite and pearlite, while the size of the grid morphology of borides in HBHSSs was refined. After oxidation wear, oxide scales were formed and the high-temperature oxidation wear resistance of HBHSSs was gradually improved with increased additions of Cr. Meanwhile, an interaction between temperature and load in HBHSSs during oxidation wear occurred, and the temperature had more influence on the oxidation wear properties of HBHSSs. SEM observations indicated that a uniform and compact oxide film of HBHSSs in the worn surface at elevated temperatures was generated on the worn surface, and the addition of Cr also reduced the thickness of oxides and inhibited the spallation of worn layers, which was attributed to improvements in microhardness and oxidation resistance of the matrix in HBHSSs. A synergistic effect of temperature and load in HBHSSs with various Cr additions may dominate the oxidation wear process and the formation and spallation of oxide films.

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