Innovation network trajectories: the role of time and history

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doina Olaru ◽  
Sharon Purchase
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – This article aims to describe patterns of change in innovation networks and to clarify the roles of time and history in shaping network trajectories. The authors test seven predictor variables and their interactions to examine their influences on network performance over time. Design/methodology/approach – A fuzzy simulation of innovation networks and investigations of different network types, using two classes of growth modeling techniques, help refine understanding of innovation as an interactive, developmental process. Findings – Innovation network trajectories are influenced by self-reinforcing, contradictory and damaging forces. History affects network trajectory development, particularly with regard to financial resource access. The temporal processes reveal three contrasting classes of developmental trajectories for innovation networks. Research limitations/implications – The study methodology can account for theoretically derived factors leading to innovation, in and across types of networks and for changes over time; it moves beyond a cross-sectional approach. Although the model structure is generic, the parameters are based on a radical innovation, so the findings may not transfer directly. Practical implications – Managers in innovation business networks can use the identified variables to improve network performance, by facilitating processes that inject financial capital and integrating heterogeneous skills that focus on a wider variety of skills that generate both exploratory and exploitative knowledge development. Originality/value – This article contributes to discourses on network trajectories through an analysis of processes that influence the growth and decline of innovation business network performance. An original methodology generates and analyzes dynamic longitudinal network data.

scholarly journals Institutional logic and scholars' reactions to performance measurement in universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 104-130
Author(s):  
Kirsi-Mari Kallio ◽  
Tomi J. Kallio ◽  
Giuseppe Grossi ◽  
Janne Engblom
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Institutional Logic ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Performance Measurement Systems ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

PurposeEmploying institutional logic and institutional work as its theoretical framework, this study analyzes scholars' reactions to performance measurement systems in academia.Design/methodology/approachLarge datasets were collected over time, combining both quantitative and qualitative elements. The data were gathered from a two-wave survey in 2010 (966 respondents) and 2015 (672 respondents), conducted among scholars performing teaching- and research-oriented tasks in three Finnish universities.FindingsThe analysis showed statistically significant changes over time in the ways that the respondents were positioned in three major groups influenced by different institutional logics. This study contributes to the international debate on institutional change in universities by showing that in Finnish universities, emerging business logics and existing professional logics can co-exist and be blended among a growing group of academics. The analysis of qualitative open-ended answers suggests that performance measurement systems have led to changes in institutional logic, which have influenced the scholars participating in institutional work at the microlevel in academia.Social implicationsWhile most scholars remain critical of performance measurement systems in universities, the fact that many academics are adapting to performance measurement systems highlights significant changes that are generally occurring in academia.Originality/valueWhile most extant studies have focused on field- and organizational-level analyses, this study focuses on understanding how the adoption of performance measurement systems affects institutional logic and institutional work at the microlevel. Moreover, the study's cross-sectional research setting increases society's understanding of institutional evolution in academia.

scholarly journals Individual developmental trajectories in the L2 acquisition of Spanish spirantization

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Nagle
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Task Type ◽  
College Level ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Over Time

In Spanish, voiced stops weaken to approximants and display variables degrees of lenition according to the context in which the stop occurs, making them a complex pronunciation feature. Accumulated findings from cross-sectional research on second language (L2) speakers suggests that many L2 learners struggle to produce the approximants even at the most advanced levels of study. The present study offers a new perspective on the approximants by studying individual learners’ production of Spanish [β] over time and across phonetic contexts. Twenty-six English-speaking learners of L2 Spanish recorded two speaking tasks five times over a yearlong period corresponding to their second and third semesters of college-level language instruction. Mixed-effects models were fit to learners’ C:V intensity ratio data to examine development, and stress and task type were included as substantive predictors. Although the group trajectory was flat, many learners displayed substantial change over time, including positive and negative trajectories.

HOW NETWORK MANAGERS CONTRIBUTE TO INNOVATION NETWORK PERFORMANCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1240009 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHANNES LANDSPERGER ◽  
PATRICK SPIETH ◽  
SVEN HEIDENREICH
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Network Manager ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Impact

Innovation networks that aim at the joint development of products, services or processes represent a particular form of inter-organizational business networks. In order to yield useful results from these collaborations, networks need to be managed thoroughly. By appointing a dedicated network manager to administrate, coordinate, and regulate, the management of tasks is bundled and centralized within a single entity. However, to the best knowledge of the authors, no empirical research has yet been conducted, investigating the impact of a network manager's availability, relevance, and influence on network performance. Using the interaction-oriented network approach as conceptual foundation, we analyze network managers' direct and indirect influence on the network's relational and goal achievement performance. Our results suggest that a network manager enhances innovation network's core management functions, which in turn improve the relational performance (RP). Moreover, RP was found to significantly drive the goal achievement performance (GAP).

Temporal Trends in the Severity and Mortality of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Hypothermia

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cristina Vega-Del-Val ◽  
Juan Arnaez ◽  
Sonia Caserío ◽  
Elena Pilar Gutiérrez ◽  
Marta Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Annual Decline ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> There is a paucity of studies examining temporal trends in the incidence and mortality of moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during the last decade of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Multicenter cross-sectional study of all infants ≥35 weeks gestational age diagnosed with moderate-to-severe HIE within 6 h of birth in an extensive region of Spain between 2011 and 2019, in order to detect trend changes over time in the (1) annual incidence, (2) severity of neurological and systemic organ involvement, and (3) neonatal death from HIE. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Annual incidence rate of moderate-to-severe HIE was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7–0.97) per 1,000 births, without trend changes over time (<i>p</i> = 0.8), although the proportion of severe HIE infants showed an average annual decline of 0.86 points (95% CI 0.75–0.98). There were 102 (70%) infants diagnosed with moderate HIE and 44 (30%) with severe HIE. TH was offered to 139/146 (95%) infants. Infants with clinical and/or electrical seizures showed a decreasing trend from 56 to 28% (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Mortality showed a nonstatistically significant decline (<i>p</i> = 0.4), and the severity of systemic damage showed no changes (<i>p</i> = 0.3). Obstetric characteristics remained unchanged, while higher perinatal pH values (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and Apgar scores (<i>p</i> = 0.05), and less need for resuscitation (<i>p</i> = 0.07), were found over time. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The annual incidence of moderate-to-severe HIE has stabilized at around 1 per 1,000 births, with a temporal trend toward a decrease in severe HIE infants and a slight decline of mortality. No association was found between temporal trends and changes in perinatal/obstetric characteristics over time.

Does membership of local Chambers of Commerce networks enhance rural SME performance?: An empirical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattanapong Tiwasing ◽  
Sukanlaya Sawang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chamber Of Commerce ◽  
Chambers Of Commerce

PurposeLocal Chambers of Commerce networks provide small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with an opportunity to access essential information and networking with other businesses, resulting in improved business performance. However, rural SMEs are less likely to participate in these networks and often possess lower performance. This paper aims to examine the relationship between being members of local Chambers of Commerce networks and rural SMEs’ performance by comparing business performance between rural SMEs who are members and non-members of local Chambers of Commerce networks. This paper also further explores difference in business growth plans between rural SMEs members and non-members.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis draws on cross-sectional data of 3,769 rural SMEs in England and Wales from the UK's Government Longitudinal Small Business Survey 2015. Propensity score matching (PSM) is applied to control for selection bias and variations in business characteristics before comparing business performance, measured in terms of annual turnover, sale growth and profitability, between rural SMEs that are members and non-members of local Chambers of Commerce networks.FindingsOur results show that rural SME members of local Chambers of Commerce networks are more likely to grow their sales than non-members. However, they perform as good as non-members in terms of turnover and profitability. The results also emphasise that local Chambers of Commerce networks are crucial for rural SMEs to develop the skills of the workforce and leadership capability of managers, new product/service development and new working practices. Therefore, to enhance rural SMEs' performance, tailoring the services of local Chambers of Commerce to support rural businesses' needs and encouraging rural SMEs to make use of business networks are recommended.Practical implicationsThe paper unpacks the relationships between being local Chamber of Commerce membership and business performance, offering lessons for rural SMEs to boost their business performance and growth through participating in local business association networks.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study that explores the comparative analysis of business performance and growth plans between rural SMEs that are members and non-members of the local Chamber of Commerce networks. We provide an empirical evidence-based analysis to existing literature regarding the advantages of being local Chamber of Commerce memberships to enhance business performance in rural areas.

scholarly journals Knowledge representation for missing persons investigations

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Mark Taylor ◽  
Denis Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This paper aims to present the application of situation calculus for knowledge representation in missing persons investigations. Design/methodology/approach The development of a knowledge representation model for the missing persons investigation process based upon situation calculus, with a demonstration of the use of the model for a missing persons example case. Findings Situation calculus is valuable for knowledge representation for missing persons investigations, as such investigations have state changes over time, and due to the complexity of the differing investigation activities applicable to different situations, can be difficult to represent using simpler approaches such as tables or flowcharts. Research limitations/implications Situation calculus modelling for missing persons investigations adds formalism to the process beyond that which can be afforded by the current use of text, tables or flowcharts. The additional formalism is useful in dealing with the uncertainty present in such investigations. Practical implications The implications are a simplification of the application of the current police guidelines, and thoroughness in the application of such guidelines for missing persons investigations via situation calculus modelling. Social implications This paper supports the management of missing person investigations, by using the most critical variables in a missing persons investigation to determine relevant investigation and search activities applicable to the circumstances of a given case. Originality/value The novelty of the knowledge representation approach is the application of situation calculus via state and action vectors and a matrix of fluents to the process of missing persons investigations.

Framing the development and directions of business sustainability efforts

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils M. Høgevold ◽  
Göran Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to frame the development and directions of business sustainability efforts. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study was undertaken with respect to a convenience sample of reputable companies in Norway, which have implemented significant business sustainability efforts within their organisations, their business networks, the marketplace and in the society, beyond the level of mere compliance. Findings Different directions are associated with the development of corporate efforts in connection with business sustainability. Business sustainability efforts are not static, but dynamic and based upon continuous flexibility to changes and adaptations over time. Research Limitations/implications The current study highlights the need for further research into the development and directions of corporate efforts in connection with business sustainability in the marketplace and society. A key suggestion for further research is to further explore the existence of other directions. Practical Implications The directions reported, provide a framework to assess the development or the status of companies’ business sustainability efforts in the marketplace and society. Corporate efforts in connection with business sustainability develop over time as experiences are gained and personal impressions move the identified directions forward. Originality/value This study contributes to seven interconnected directions of corporate efforts in connection with business sustainability that are both relevant and potentially fruitful to both scholars and practitioners.

Brand awareness: revisiting an old metric for a new world

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Romaniuk ◽  
Samuel Wight ◽  
Margaret Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Brand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Brand awareness is a pivotal, but often neglected, aspect of consumer-based brand equity. This paper revisits brand awareness measures in the context of global brand management. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the method of Laurent et al. (1995), this cross-sectional longitudinal study examines changes in brand awareness over time, with sample sizes of approximately 300 whisky consumers per wave in three countries: United Kingdom, Taiwan and Greece. Findings There is consistency in the underlying structure of awareness scores across countries, and over time, extending the work of Laurent et al. (1995). Results show that a relevant operationalisation of brand awareness needs to account for the history of the brand. Furthermore, the nature of the variation of brand awareness over time interacts with a brand’s market share. Research limitations/implications When modelling the impact of brand awareness researchers need to consider two factors – the brand’s market share and whether a more stable or volatile measure is sought. This avoids mis-specifying the country-level contribution of brand awareness. Practical implications Global brand managers should be wary of adopting a “one size fits all” approach. The choice of brand awareness measure depends on the brand’s market share, and the desire for higher sensitivity or stability. Originality/value The paper provides one of the few multi-country investigations into brand awareness that can help inform global brand management.

Exploring new Internet measurements on international trade and global human resources

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina T. Swan ◽  
Bruce Q. Swan ◽  
Zuopeng (Justin) Zhang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internet Measurements ◽  
Changes Over Time

PurposeWe address the question of how the Internet promotes international trade volume, and especially, whether the global human resources affect the bilateral international trade during the technology development across countries.Design/methodology/approachA dynamic panel causality analysis is carried out to demonstrate empirically that the causality of the Internet diffusion on the international trade volumes. Evidence shows a significant positive effect of the Internet on international trade volume from time-series and cross-sectional regressions. Furthermore, the magnitude of elasticity is discussed.FindingsThere is strong evidence that the Internet stimulates international trade for all countries. Growth of trade volumes changes over time with heteroscedastic responses. The positive impacts of the growth of GDP are diluted by the growth of global human resources.Originality/valueThe data on the number of web hosts is not necessarily correlated to where the site is actually located. We contribute to the new Internet measurement which helps to explain the information transferring that stimulates the international trade and examine the global human resources.

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