Third generation of the Web: libraries, librarians and Web 3.0

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Web

Purpose – This paper aims to explain the historic development of Web from the first generation to the second generation and now to the upcoming, third generation of the Web. It describes the importance of Web 3.0 and its other sub-functions to the librarians and their importance in the libraries. The basic purpose of this study is to give librarians an insight about the upcoming technologies. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is designed as an explanatory study using historic and literature search techniques, and is presented in an essay format containing the brief history of web, its current and coming technologies and its advantages and disadvantages. Findings – The finding and results indicate how the Web was designed into its current form. Findings show that at the next level, the interactions will become three ways. The robotics, artificial intelligence and semantic systems will help human in solving their queries. Research limitations/implications – The Web is spreading while new applications and technologies are inventing every day. This research may not be containing all the Web 3.0 applications, advantages and drawbacks. Practical implications – This paper includes the details of the Web applications that are used in Web 3.0. This article not only gives an insight to the Web applications related to the libraries but also indicates the advantages and drawbacks. Originality/value – This paper points out some very important applications to be used in the libraries in Web 3.0 environment, while a consideration of advantages and drawbacks makes this research more valuable for the librarians.

3D printing technology in musical instrument research: reviewing the potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1511-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antreas Kantaros ◽  
Olaf Diegel
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Wind Instruments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Class ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to discuss additive manufacturing (AM) in the context of applications for musical instruments. It examines the main AM technologies used in musical instruments, goes through a history of musical applications of AM and raises the questions about the application of AM to create completely new wind instruments that would be impossible to produce with conventional manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach A literature research is presented which covers a historical application of AM to musical instruments and hypothesizes on some potential new applications. Findings AM has found extensive application to create conventional musical instruments with unique aesthetics designs. It’s true potential to create entirely new sounds, however, remains largely untapped. Research limitations/implications More research is needed to truly assess the potential of additive manufacturing to create entirely new sounds for musical instrument. Practical implications The application of AM in music could herald an entirely new class of musical instruments with unique sounds. Originality/value This study highlights musical instruments as an unusual application of AM. It highlights the potential of AM to create entirely new sounds, which could create a whole new class of musical instruments.

scholarly journals The Application of Third Generation Semiconductor in Power Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Yuqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Made In

With the rapid development of technologies, the third generation semiconductor is being studied, as it is leading to the significant change in industry like the manufacture of PC, mobile devices, lighting etc. Till now, due to its irreplaceable physical characteristics, third generation semiconductor is applied to lots of fields. This paper analyzes the application of third generation semiconductor, namely, GaN and SiC. Their characteristics including advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed through reviewing the result of relevant researches. Meanwhile, comparison between the third generation semiconductors and the second as well as the first generation semiconductors is made in this paper. Through the comparison of physical characteristics, recent marketing, production and limitations, the advantages and disadvantages of each semiconductor is analyzed and the suggestion of how to avoid the disadvantage through application is proposed. At last, the future development is predicted. According to the analysis result of this paper, silicon poses more merits. Silicon is not only cheaper but also performs better making it a preference of GaAs, and GaN in the domain of IC. The second generation semiconductor, GaAs, is widely used in the circuits and photoelectric integration. Furthermore, the third semiconductor material GaN is a promising material for power switching and communication and has the great possibility to play a crucial role in market.

Defining Web 3.0: opportunities and challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaan Rudman ◽  
Rikus Bruwer
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Information Management ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Web Experience ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Interactive Experience ◽  
The Web

Purpose The purpose of this study is to define Web 3.0 and discuss the underlying technologies, identify new opportunities and highlight potential challenges that are associated with the evolution to Web 3.0 technologies. Design/methodology/approach A non-empirical study reviewing papers published in accredited research journals, articles and whitepapers and websites was conducted. To add scientific rigour to a literature review, a four-stage approach, as suggested by Sylvester et al. (2011), was used. Findings The World Wide Web (henceforth referred to as the Web) is recognised as the fastest growing publication medium of all time. To stay competitive, it is crucial to stay up to date with technological trends. The Web matures in its own unique way. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0, it progressed into the interactive experience Web 2.0 provides. The next phase of Web evolution, Web 3.0, is already in progress. Web 3.0 entails an integrated Web experience where the machine will be able to understand and catalogue data in a manner similar to humans. This will facilitate a world wide data warehouse where any format of data can be shared and understood by any device over any network. The evolution of the Web will bring forth new opportunities and challenges. Opportunities identified can mainly be characterised as the autonomous integration of data and services which increase the pre-existing capabilities of Web services, as well as the creation of new functionalities. The challenges mainly concern unauthorised access and manipulation of data, autonomous initiation of actions and the development of harmful scripts and languages. Practical implications The findings will assist data managers to identify future opportunities while considering negative impacts and understanding the underlying technologies associated with the structure and storage of electronic information. The research will assist anyone in the data and information management industry to identify opportunities and mitigate risk. Originality/value Many organisations were caught off guard by the evolution of the Web to Web 2.0. Organisations, and in particular anyone in the data and information management industry, need to be ready and acquire knowledge about the opportunities and challenges arising from Web 3.0 technologies.

scholarly journals ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ІНТЕРНЕТ-РЕСУРСІВ У ВИВЧЕННІ ПРОБЛЕМ ГРОШОВОГО ОБІГУ УКРАЇНИ-ГЕТЬМАНЩИНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Валерій Нечитайло
Keyword(s):  
Social Web ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Monetary Circulation ◽  
The Web

This article tells about and analyses the informational and scientific potential in the use of the Internet-resources during the process of the researches over the coin circulation of the insurgent Ukraine-Hetman State, they are: electronic auctions and forum «Violity», «New Auction» and «Unc.ua», the electronic encyclopedia «Wikipedia», scientific social web «Academia.edu», social web «Facebook», and also the private «Youtube» channels. Every of the pointed resources and services has its advantages and disadvantages. Using an Internet we could get a new data in the numismatics, by the way identify the new variants of the Muscovy tsar Peter the Great coins excavated on the territory of the Hetman State, put the light on the new finds of the coins evaluated as very rare in the previous Ukrainian science historiography. We assume that even with the disadvantages and features and some dangers in the use of the WEB-resources, the finally have a huge informational and science potential and abilities to help in the research of the history of the monetary circulation of the U У статті розглянуто та проаналізовано інформаційний і науковий потенціал використання Інтернет-ресурсів у дослідженні історії грошового обігу в Україні-Гетьманщині, до яких належать: аукціони та форуми «Violity», «New Auction» та «Unc.ua», електронна енциклопедія «Вікіпедія», соціальна мережа для науковців «Academia.edu», соціальна мережа «Facebook», а також приватні канали на «Youtube». Кожен із зазначених сервісів має як свої переваги, так і недоліки. Користуючись Інтернет-ресурсами, ми виявили дані, які є новими для нумізматичної науки, що, зокрема, дозволило визначити та зафіксувати раніше неопубліковані різновиди монет Петра І, що виявлені на території Гетьманщини, Це дало можливість ввести до наукового обігу нові факти про знахідки тих монет, що вважались рідкісними у вітчизняній нумізматичній історіографії. Зазначимо, що, попри наявні недоліки, специфічні риси та певні ризики у використанні, електронні WEB-ресурси все ж мають вагомий інформаційний та науковий потенціал у дослідженні особливостей грошового обігу Гетьманщини. Вивчення вказаних ресурсів зумовлює можливість введення до наукового обігу фактів та нових даних, що допоможуть виявити раніше невідомі сторінки цього періоду в історії України, а також конкретизувати вже частково висвітлені попередниками моменти. kraine-Hetman State, to put the light on the new facts and the data than will help to determinate the unknown pages of the history of Ukraine and also make certain the previous investigations.

scholarly journals Genotyping-by-Sequencing Identifies Historical Breeding Stages of the Recently Domesticated American Cranberry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Diaz-Garcia ◽  
Giovanny Covarrubias-Pazaran ◽  
Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese ◽  
Nicholi Vorsa ◽  
Juan Zalapa
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
History Of

The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is a North American fruit crop domesticated less than 200 years ago. The USDA began the first cranberry breeding program in response to false-blossom disease in 1929, but after the first generation of cultivars were released in the 1950s, the program was discontinued. Decades later, renewed efforts for breeding cranberry cultivars at Rutgers University and the University of Wisconsin yielded the first modern cultivars in the 2000’s. Phenotypic data suggests that current cultivars have changed significantly in terms of fruiting habits compared to original selections from endemic populations. However, due to the few breeding and selection cycles and short domestication period of the crop, it is unclear how much cultivated germplasm differs genetically from wild selections. Moreover, the extent to which selection for agricultural superior traits has shaped the genetic and phenotypic variation of cranberry remains mostly obscure. Here, a historical collection composed of 362 accessions, spanning wild germplasm, first-, second-, and third-generation selection cycles was studied to provide a window into the breeding and domestication history of cranberry. Genome-wide sequence variation of more than 20,000 loci showed directional selection across the stages of cranberry domestication and breeding. Diversity analysis and population structure revealed a partially defined progressive bottleneck when transitioning from early domestication stages to current cranberry forms. Additionally, breeding cycles correlated with phenotypic variation for yield-related traits and anthocyanin accumulation, but not for other fruit metabolites. Particularly, average fruit weight, yield, and anthocyanin content, which were common target traits during early selection attempts, increased dramatically in second- and third-generation cycle cultivars, whereas other fruit quality traits such as Brix and acids showed comparable variation among all breeding stages. Genome-wide association mapping in this diversity panel allowed us to identify marker-trait associations for average fruit weight and fruit rot, which are two traits of great agronomic relevance today and could be further exploited to accelerate cranberry genetic improvement. This study constitutes the first genome-wide analysis of cranberry genetic diversity, which explored how the recurrent use of wild germplasm and first-generation selections into cultivar development have shaped the evolutionary history of this crop species.

scholarly journals CSACI position statement: Newer generation H1-antihistamines are safer than first-generation H1-antihistamines and should be the first-line antihistamines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Fein ◽  
David A. Fischer ◽  
Andrew W. O’Keefe ◽  
Gord L. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
First Line ◽  
H1 Antihistamines ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract Oral H1-antihistamines (AHs) are the most commonly used therapy to treat allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. Older, first-generation AHs (e.g. diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine) have significant and common side effects including sedation, impairment with decreased cognitive function, poor sleep quality, dry mouth, dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension. These drugs have also been found to result in death from accidents, intentional or unintentional overdoses, and sudden cardiac death. The unfavourable risk–benefit profile of first-generation AHs led to the development of newer, less-sedating second- and third-generation AHs, which first became available in Canada in the 1980s. High-quality trials have proven that newer generation AHs are superior in safety compared to older first-generation AHs. On average, they have improved potency and efficacy. Second- and third-generation AHs are the recommended first-line treatment for mild allergic rhinitis and acute and chronic urticaria. Despite this evidence, older first-generation AHs continue to be over-utilized because of their over-the-counter (OTC) status and long history of use. The Canadian Society of Allergy Clinical Immunology (CSACI) recommends that newer generation AHs should be preferred over first-generation AHs for the treatment of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and urticaria. To promote this recommendation, education of health professionals and the public is necessary. Further, given the dangers of older first-generation AHs, we believe they should be used only as a last resort with eventual consideration given to having them only available behind the counter in pharmacies.

Feasibility of a resorbable anterior cervical graft containment plate

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Ames ◽  
G. Bryan Cornwall ◽  
Neil R. Crawford ◽  
Eric Nottmeier ◽  
Robert H. Chamberlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Plate ◽  
Cervical Plating ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In this article the authors review the history of anterior cervical plating for one- and two-level discectomy for degenerative disease and provide background justification for the design and testing of a cervical plate composed of a resorbable material. The design of the plate is discussed with special reference to modifications of its design and tools compared with metallic plates that are necessary because of the different mechanical properties of the less rigid material. The cadaveric and animal in vivo testing methodologies are described, and a novel testing method for reliably quantifying graft containment is also described. Data from a representative sample are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of resorbable plating are discussed.

scholarly journals On the centenary of the insulin discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
I. I. Dedov ◽  
M. V. Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Insulin Analogues ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Action Profile ◽  
Natural Insulin

The discovery of insulin and the beginning of its use in 1921–1922 made a revolution in endocrinology and in medicine in general. This significant event gave millions of patients with diabetes not only the opportunity to live, but also the hope that their life with this disease would be full.The article examines the history of insulin discovery, as well as the evolution of several generations of insulin preparations and the advantages of each of the generations that have radically changed not only life expectancy, but also its quality.The first generation — insulins of animal origin and the solution of the first tasks of their sufficient production and purification. The next generation is human insulins, the purification of which was also a problem. The third generation is insulin analogues, the action of which became closer to the action profile of natural insulin. And the last generation — insulin analogues, most closely mimicking the action of endogenous insulin.Along with the development of insulin preparations, the article traces the evolution of the devices of its administration.

scholarly journals The politics, economies, and ecologies of Indonesia’s third generation of social forestry: An introduction to the special section

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah R. Fisher ◽  
Ahmad Dhiaulhaq ◽  
Muhammad Alif K. Sahide
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Order ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Historical Developments

Although Indonesia is experiencing one of the most complex transformations of social forestry policy in the world, there is a need to step back and more closely examine the politics, ecologies, and economies that provide context for its implementation. This introduction offers a synthesis of the collection of special section submissions in Forest and Society. We begin by navigating the current social forestry moment by presenting a heuristic for identifying the discourses underpinning the rapid expansion in support of social forestry schemes. These perspectives are fragmented across four continuously contested discourses: community-first, legal-first, conservation-first, and development-first. We then contextualize the historical developments that brought social forestry into its current form by laying out a genealogy of its antecedents across three distinct generations. These three generations of social forestry are roughly aligned with the overall political changes that have taken place in Indonesia, each of which engaged in their own mechanisms for defining and administering social forestry. The first generation roughly follows the period of New Order rule; a second generation began as the regime unraveled, resulting in a period of reform and restructuring of the political system. At this time,  new legal frameworks were introduced, followed by the development of new implementation mechanisms. We argue that social forestry has entered a third distinct period that is characterized by the expanding interests of numerous stakeholders to formalize permitting schemes. This third generation presents new possibilities for redefining land management on Indonesia’s vast national forests.  The contributions to this special issue shed new light on the overall implications of these changes. We divide the findings across submissions, covering broad topical engagement on the economies, ecologies, and politics at different governing scales. From these findings we suggest a course for future research, and identify key policy challenges for the future of social forestry and for Indonesia.

scholarly journals ReLEx® SMILE® – the third generation of laser eye surgery

The Eye ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4(132)) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Eye Surgery ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Lenticule Extraction

ReLEx® (Refractive lenticule extraction) SMILE® (SMall Incision Lenticula Extraction) is the third generation of laser eye surgery, which is a follow-on to PRK (the first generation) and LASIK (the second generation). This technology has expanded the possibilities for the comfort and safety of the procedure, reduced the requirements for the thickness of the cornea, and made it extremely comfortable for the patient. SMILE® method helps improve vision in case of myopia, myopic and mixed astigmatism. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology, its possible risks and side effects. The data represented in this article was obtained by analyzing scientific publications and practical expertise.

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