scholarly journals Effectiveness of Tactile Surface Indicators in ‘Design For All’ Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Halime Demirkan
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Visual Contrast ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
White Cane ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The aim of the study is to determine and prioritise the characteristics of the built environment that increase the effectiveness of the walking surfaces for blind and vision-impaired people. Tactile walking surface indicators are installed on the floor of indoor and outdoor built environments for guiding blind or vision-impaired people. These people perceive the walking surface by a long white cane, through the soles of their shoes or impaired vision. Based on the relevant research and published standards there is a consensus on the characteristics of tactile working surfaces in terms of design specifications, visual contrast, material and installation requirements. In order to have the right decision while using the related knowledge, the designer of a built environment should identify and prioritise the characteristics of the users. The findings of factorial analysis showed that the individual characteristics such as shoe width, stature, gender, and frequency of leaving residence and experience alone, or with help, determine the effectiveness of tactile surface indicators as the primary factor. The second important factor that can be named as perceptual characteristics of the individual is composed of long white cane usage, time of sight loss and visual efficiency type. It is found that ease of walking on tactile surfaces as ease of change in direction, ease of stay on proper course of walking and transition from truncated domes to bars are third in priority as long as they comply with the standards.

Policy Problems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Marier
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Wicked Problems ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Policy Feedback ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Policy Problems

We frequently employ analogies such as a leaking roof or finishing last in a ranking to illustrate that there is a serious problem requiring attention. Unfortunately, policy realities are far more complex and less obvious since policymakers do not benefit from objective measures or clear signals akin to having water dripping over their head to indicate the presence of a problem. In fact, they face a plethora of policy actors constantly engaged in defining policy problems for them based on competing frames of references. The term “policy problems” evokes questions of what makes a social issue a policy problem, but it also raises questions regarding whether problems can actually be solved via a public response and how. Policy problems occupy a crucial role in policy studies, if not for the simple reason that political authorities are unlikely to alter or create policies without the presence of problems. As such, policy problems occupy an important place in popular theoretical frameworks frequently employed in the field of public policy. The formulation of policy problems is at the heart of the punctuated-equilibrium theory since these can result in the creation of new political coalitions seeking transformative policy change. In the social construction of target populations approach, the ways in which the public perceives particular subgroups or subpopulations dictate our understanding of policy problems and the types of instruments to deploy. Frameworks for policy feedback assume that current policies structure the formulation of policy problems along the lines of altering existing policies. In the multiple-streams theoretical framework, policy problems are part of a toolkit used to validate the use of already made solutions by policy entrepreneurs seeking the right opportunity for implementation. A thorough treatment and analysis of policy problems exist within the policy design literature. Scholars operating within this tradition have emphasized the individual characteristics of policy problems and, as importantly, how these matter when it is time to enact solutions. Characteristics of problems, such as causality and severity, are key elements in the identification and formulation of policy problems and their likelihood to feature prominently in the policy agenda of governmental actors. Additional elements, such as the divisibility of policy problems and the extent to which these problems can be monetarized, matter in assessing the possibility of enacting solutions. This raises the fundamental question of whether policy problems can actually be resolved. Mature policies are the norm in industrialized countries, and these are increasingly subject to international agreements. Consequently, there are, for example, many more interdependencies, which have led to the reemergence of wicked-problems analyses. However, a substantial number of contributions have associated complexity with wicked problems, raising questions surrounding their intrinsic qualities and the danger of conceptual stretching.

scholarly journals Social Orientation of the Prosecutor’s Supervision

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
M V Kolesov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The article examines one of the possible ways to optimize the activities of the prosecutor’s office in one of the most priority areas of prosecutorial activity - the protection of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as labor rights of workers, in particular, the right to timely and full payment of labor. The social importance of observance of labor rights and the orientation towards the development of small and medium-sized businesses are not subject to challenge and are emphasized by the President of the Russian Federation. The author justifies the need to introduce new approaches in the activity of the prosecutor’s office in these branches of legal relations, proposes a fundamentally new socially-oriented model for the implementation of prosecutorial supervision and the adoption of measures for prosecutorial response.The prevalence and scale of violations committed by controlling bodies in relation to small and medium-sized businesses, and the latter - with respect to their employees should be identified as one of the most important problems of modern Russia, which has an extremely negative impact on the country’s economic development and the social well-being of the population. Taking into account this vector, it is justified to make proposals on changing and improving the current legislation, which can contribute to the timely elimination of the revealed violations of the law, and also effectively carry out the preventive function. Apart from this, what is especially important, the proposed novels take into account the individual characteristics of small and medium-sized businesses, in particular their reputation as employers for a wide range of people in respect of the observance of the rights of employees in the course of their commercial activities for timely and full pay. The recommendations also help to save budget funds and improve the social and economic situation in the country.

scholarly journals Brainwaves feature classification by applying K-Means clustering using single-sensor EEG

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azhari ◽  
Leonel Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biometric Technology ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Math Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The use of brainwave signal is a step in the introduction of the individual identity using biometric technology based on characteristics of the body. Brainwave signal has unique characteristics and different on each individual because the brainwave cannot be read or copied by people so it is not possible to have a similarity of one person with another person. To be able to process the identification of individual characteristics, which obtained from the signal brainwave, required a pattern of brain activity that is prominent and constant. Cognitive activity testing using a single-sensor EEG (Electroencephalogram) divided into two categories, called the activity of cognitive involving the ability of the right brain (creativity, imagination, holistic thinking, intuition, arts, rhythms, nonverbal, feelings, visualization, tune of songs, daydreaming) and the left brain (logic, analysis, sequences, linear, mathematics, language, facts, think in words, word of songs, computation) give a different cluster based on two times the test on mathematical activities (no cluster slices of experiment 1 and experiment 2). The result showed that cognitive activity based on math activity can provide a signal characteristic that can be used as the basis for a brain-computer interface applications development by utilizing EEG single-sensor.

When Political Mega-Donors Join Forces: How the Koch Network and the Democracy Alliance Influence Organized U.S. Politics on the Right and Left

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Hertel-Fernandez ◽  
Theda Skocpol ◽  
Jason Sclar
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

As economic inequalities have skyrocketed in the United States, scholars have started paying more attention to the individual political activities of billionaires and multimillionaires. Useful as such work may be, it misses an important aspect of plutocratic influence: the sustained efforts of organized groups and networks of political mega-donors, who work together over many years between as well as during elections to reshape politics. Our work contributes to this new direction by focusing on two formally organized consortia of wealthy donors that have recently evolved into highly consequential forces in U.S. politics. We develop this concept and illustrate the importance of organized donor consortia by presenting original data and analyses of the right-wing Koch seminars (from 2003 to the present) and the progressive left-leaning Democracy Alliance (from 2005 to the present). We describe the evolution, memberships, and organizational routines of these two wealthy donor collectives, and explore the ways in which each has sought to reconfigure and bolster kindred arrays of think tanks, advocacy groups, and constituency efforts operating at the edges of America's two major political parties in a period of intensifying ideological polarization and growing conflict over the role of government in addressing rising economic inequality. Our analysis argues that the rules and organizational characteristics of donor consortia shape their resource allocations and impact, above and beyond the individual characteristics of their wealthy members.

Correlation assessment of the development of chronic venous diseases depending on the risk factors of women during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
 T. P. Shevlyukova ◽  
◽  
N. B. Chabanova ◽  
P. A. Ermakova ◽  
A. A. Ermakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Indicator ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. Conduct a correlation analysis of the dependence of risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of chronic venous diseases. Materials and methods. On the basis of the GBUZ TO “Maternity Hospital № 2” of the city of Tyumen, an analysis of the patients’ data was carried out in the form of a clinical examination and questionnaires. The average age of the examined patients is 26 years. The survey involved 468 women in the period 2017-2019. Results. Among the surveyed patients, 52,4% had CVD. Pregnant women with CVD have subjective symptoms and objective symptoms. Dilated veins exist for less than 5 years in 86,5% of pregnant women, and in 13,5% – for more than 5 years. Varicose veins, with a predominant localization on the left lower limb, were found in 7,5%, on the right – in 11,1%, and on both legs – 81,5%. Conclusion. The use of a statistical indicator made it possible to calculate the dependence of the appearance of a disease in the presence of a certain risk factor – in this case, the correlation is direct, the relationship is close (0,94); as well as to evaluate the prognosis for pregnant women prospectively and create complexes of measures to prevent venous diseases, taking into account the individual characteristics of patients.

THE METHODS OF DEVELOPING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING OF STUDENTS WHILE STUDYING THE COURSE "NUMERICAL METHODS" BASED ON BLENDED LEARNING

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
M. M. Klunnikova
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
The Individual

The work is devoted to the consideration of improving the quality of teaching students the discipline “Numerical methods” through the development of the cognitive component of computational thinking based on blended learning. The article presents a methodology for the formation of computational thinking of mathematics students, based on the visualization of algorithmic design schemes and the activation of the cognitive independence of students. The characteristic of computational thinking is given, the content and structure of computational thinking are shown. It is argued that a student with such a mind is able to manifest himself in his professional field in the best possible way. The results of the application of the technique are described. To determine the level of development of the cognitive component of computational thinking, a diagnostic model has been developed based on measuring the content, operational and motivational components. It is shown that the proposed method of developing computational thinking of students, taking into account the individual characteristics of students’ thinking, meaningfully based on the theoretical and practical aspects of studying the discipline, increases the effectiveness of learning the course “Numerical methods”. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers of mathematical disciplines who use information and telecommunication technologies in their professional activities.

MEDIA SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INMUTATION IN THE MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.

DECISION-MAKING ON INVESTMENT OF IT-INNOVATION BASED ON FUZZY EXPERT INFORMATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Olga Olegovna Eremenko ◽  
Lyubov Borisovna Aminul ◽  
Elena Vitalievna Chertina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Investment Management ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Individual

The subject of the research is the process of making managerial decisions for innovative IT projects investing. The paper focuses on the new approach to decision making on investing innovative IT projects using expert survey in a fuzzy reasoning system. As input information, expert estimates of projects have been aggregated into six indicators having a linguistic description of the individual characteristics of the project type "high", "medium", and "low". The task of decision making investing has been formalized and the term-set of the output variable Des has been defined: to invest 50-75% of the project cost; to invest 20-50% of the project cost; to invest 10-20% of the project cost; to send the project for revision; to turn down investing project. The fuzzy product model of making investment management decisions has been developed; it adequately describes the process of investment management. The expediency of using constructed production model on a practical example is shown.

Boundaries of Restricting the Rights of Human and Citizen

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Manol Stanin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractLimitation of rights is a measure proved its effectiveness with positive results for the community in war, military or another emergency.Attitude to rightsmust be human with a view to the right-to-human relationshipbecause the crossing of a certain boundary leads to a disintegration of rights and a negative impact on the personality.This implies necessity from legal institutionalization of clear criteria to refine the limitation of rights, both for the purpose of their protection and for the purpose of protecting the individual.

Tourism as a Tool for the Fulfilment of the Rights to Rest and Leisure Enshrined in Article No. 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Bianca Nicla Romano
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Title V ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Real Right ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Italian Constitution

Art. 24 of the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights recognises and protects the right of the individual to rest and leisure. This right has to be fully exercised without negative consequences on the right to work and the remuneration. Tourism can be considered one of the best ways of rest and leisure because it allows to enrich the personality of the individual. Even after the reform of the Title V this area is no longer covered by the Italian Constitution, the Italian legal system protects and guarantees it as a real right, so as to get to recognize its existence and the consequent compensation of the so-called “ruined holiday damage”. This kind of damage has not a patrimonial nature, but a moral one, and the Tourist-Traveler can claim for it when he has not been able to fully enjoy his holiday - the essential fulcrum of tourism - intended as an opportunity for leisure and/or rest, essential rights of the individual.

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