Major healthcare push lies ahead for China

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
State Bureaucracy ◽  
The Government

Subject The outlook for the healthcare sector in China. Significance The 13th Five-year Plan (2016-20), now being compiled for release later this year, will see structural reform of the health system and greater investment in healthcare. Improving healthcare is an important source of popular support for the government, and has implications too for economic growth, indigenous innovation and market access for foreign businesses. Impacts China is highly susceptible to infectious disease outbreaks; the world will depend on its health system for protection. Over-prescription of antibiotics is making China a dangerous source of antibiotic-resistance. More healthcare spending could gradually alter the balance power in the wider state bureaucracy, altering the longer-term policy outlook. China is now far better placed to deal with a contagion than it was when SARS hit in 2003.

scholarly journals Economical effect on doubling of COVID-19 cases: examples of rich versus poor countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Ali Maher ◽  
Dmitry Mun ◽  
Fatma Giha ◽  
Mayouson Ali ◽  
Saverio Bellizzi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Complex Emergencies ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
The Government

Purpose The paper aims to examine some economical, political and health system indicators on the transmission of the COVID-19 transmission within the national system. The main objective is to investigate what are the most effective indicators which have led to the declared numbers by countries. Design/methodology/approach This study combined multiple sets of data to describe best the economical status of the health system including the government spending on the health system to draw some conclusion regarding the behavior of the pandemic. Findings Complex emergencies and internal conflicts negatively affected the quality of the reported cases and the size of the pandemic. The health work force was the most determinant factor of the health system. It can sometimes be impossible to understand the epidemic only with epidemiological data or health system one; economical aspects of health system and political situation have to be added to the equation. Originality/value The research according to the authors’ knowledge is the most comprehensive comparison so far that investigate the non-covid aspects from a political side in particular in complex emergencies and war situation added health system indicators.

scholarly journals What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Nuzzo ◽  
Diane Meyer ◽  
Michael Snyder ◽  
Sanjana J. Ravi ◽  
Ana Lapascu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
System Resilience

Abstract Background The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak was a wake-up call regarding the critical importance of resilient health systems. Fragile health systems can become overwhelmed during public health crises, further exacerbating the human, economic, and political toll. Important work has been done to describe the general attributes of a health system resilient to these crises, and the next step will be to identify the specific capacities that health systems need to develop and maintain to achieve resiliency. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. We also sought to identify the overlap of the identified themes and capacities with those highlighted in the World Health Organization’s Joint External Evaluation. Sources of evidence included PubMed, Web of Science, OAIster, and the websites of relevant major public health organizations. Results We identified 16 themes of health system resilience, including: the need to develop plans for altered standards of care during emergencies, the need to develop plans for post-event recovery, and a commitment to quality improvement. Most of the literature described the general attributes of a resilient health system; no implementation frameworks were identified that could translate these elements into specific capacities that health system actors can employ to improve resilience to outbreaks and natural hazards in a variety of settings. Conclusions An implementation-oriented health system resilience framework could help translate the important components of a health system identified in this review into specific capacities that actors in the health system could work to develop to improve resilience to public health crises. However, there remains a need to further refine the concept of resilience so that health systems can simultaneously achieve sustainable transformations in healthcare practice and health service delivery as well as improve their preparedness for emergencies.

Differences in game consumption patterns between North and South China

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wei ◽  
Yiting (Demi) Hao ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Jun (Justin) Li
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Potential Game ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Game Meat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
North And South

PurposeThe 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many countries around the world. Due to the debate on the source of the outbreak, wildlife meat consumption has gained international attention and become an area that requires further exploration. The purpose of this research is to explore the differences in game consumption motivations and behaviours among populations in northern and southern China.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey on wild meat awareness with (potential) game consumers across the country as target groups was conducted.FindingsResults from this study showed that consumers in the southern region have a preference for wildlife. This preference was determined by factors such as natural environment, history and culture and the level of economic development. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of game consumption between the north and south since game meat is not a major component of the daily diet.Practical implicationsThe government should consider banning this trade permanently to prevent future disease outbreaks caused by wildlife-to-human transmissions.Originality/valueThe consumption of game meat is regional, but the animals in game trades live across a wider area, and thus, game trades have a global influence on ecological systems and human health. Therefore, this epidemic is also a global concern, which might lead people to display a highly negative attitude towards consuming game meat.

Virus may force Egypt to turn to external support

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
External Support ◽  
Portfolio Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mass Influx ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Data

Significance Egypt has already suffered severe economic impact, with tourism closed down and portfolio investment in full flight. The government has imposed a partial lockdown, while allowing construction and some manufacturing to continue, in an effort to mitigate the impact on the economy. Impacts The relatively slow rate of the pandemic’s spread in Egypt raises questions about the accuracy of official data. The health system would struggle to cope with a mass influx of potentially infected Egyptian workers from the Gulf. Egypt’s relatively youthful demographic profile may make the trajectory of the epidemic different than Europe’s.

scholarly journals Sosialisasi Penggunaan Pembersih Tangan (Handsanitizer) yang Efektif dalam Upaya Memenuhi Standar WHO dan Protokol Kesehatan Sesuai dengan UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan di Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Marjan Miharja ◽  
Erwin Syahruddin ◽  
Bionda Johan Anggara ◽  
Johan Johan ◽  
Gugus Atmoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spreading Disease

WHO determined COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 9, 2020, which is the strongest push for this community service program to be carried out. WHO has published guidance on adjusting the MFIs while managing the risk of a spike in case numbers. WHO publishes guidance on adapting to LKMS, while still managing the risk of a re-increase in the number of cases. A series of measures was developed to help provide guidance to countries in adapting public health measures to various contexts and this provides consideration for decision makers. In connection with the policy of controlling infectious disease outbreaks, Indonesia has Law Number 4 of 1984 concerning Communicable Disease Outbreaks, Government Regulation Number 40 of 1991 concerning Management of Contagious Disease Outbreaks, and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 1501 / Menkes / Per / X / 2010 concerning Certain Types of Infectious Diseases That Can Cause Outbreaks and Countermeasures. Including various policies to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic issued by the government. One of them is the Large-Scale Social Restrictions or PSBB at the end of March. Citing Article 1 paragraph 11 of Law (UU) Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, PSBB is a limitation of certain activities of residents in an area suspected of being infected with a disease and / or contamination in such a way as to prevent the possibility of spreading disease or contamination. The policy covers at least school and work vacations, restrictions on religious activities and restrictions on activities in public places or facilities, including the socialization of washing hands using hand sanitizer which can be done in certain situations where soap and clean water are not available. For the results to be effective, the hand sanitizer used should contain at least 60% alcohol. This step is a necessity in order to prevent Covid-19 from becoming more widespread. The goal to be achieved from the socialization of good and correct hand washing is to understand the procedures, and be able to practice how to wash hands properly and correctly. It is hoped that in this socialization there will be a change in behavior in the community in washing hands as often as possible properly and correctly.

Bolivia health reform to boost Morales election hopes

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fourth Term ◽  
The Government

Significance The result was rejected by President Evo Morales, who is running for a fourth term in October regardless. He retains wide public support and looks set to benefit from the opposition’s failure so far to unify around a single candidate. The government intends to launch a new healthcare scheme on March 1, improving provision for millions of Bolivians and further bolstering Morales’s chances of re-election. Impacts Bolivia can expect another year of buoyant growth but sustaining that may prove more difficult in the longer term. A re-elected MAS government could confront opposition majorities in the bicameral legislature. The government’s ambitious health system may prove problematic in its implementation.

Participation of Iranian non-governmental organizations in health policy-making; barriers and strategies for development

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq ◽  
Edris Kakemam ◽  
Morteza Arab-Zozani ◽  
Jamal Rasouli ◽  
Mobin Sokhanvar
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe effectiveness of non-governmental organization (NGO) participation in the healthcare sector has been demonstrated globally. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the status of Iranian NGOs’ contribution to health policy-making, the barriers to and strategies for developing their contribution.Design/methodology/approachIn this qualitative study, 25 participants were recruited from health-related NGOs in Tabriz, Iran. Semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted. Furthermore, a set of relevant documents were collected and their contents evaluated. The text of documents and interviews were analyzed using a thematic (deductive–inductive) approach using NVivo software.FindingsMost NGO activity has been in the area of providing services, whereas the least amount of activity has been in the domain of policy-making. Factors that were influential for NGO participation in policy-making were divided into three categories: those related to government, to civil society and within NGOs themselves. The primary barriers to participation in policy-making were related to government and the way that NGOs operated. Recommendations include the production of supportive law, financial aid to NGO and infrastructure that facilitates NGO participation.Practical implicationsFinancial support from the government and legislation of supportive laws could help to realize the potential of NGOs.Originality/valueNo such research has been undertaken before to evaluate what activities health-related NGOs undertake, their contribution in health policy-making and obstacles and facilitators of this contribution. NGOs can play a key role in ensuring accountability, transparency and empower citizens to demand basic health services from government.

Health of a Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Debasish Roy Chowdhury ◽  
John Keane
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses India’s health system. The Indian Constitution upholds the right of its citizens to enjoy human dignity. The country’s Supreme Court has ruled that this means the right to health is integral to the right to life and the government has a constitutional obligation to provide health facilities. But healthcare is not a fundamental right in India. There is no universal healthcare system. Instead, it has a three-tiered health system, in which the poorest go to the notionally free and suitably ramshackle public hospitals; the rich and upper middle classes access super-specialty private hospitals with hotel-like lobbies and air-conditioned suites, respectful doctors, and state-of the-art equipment; and the rest resort to low-to-middle-end private nursing homes that are a scaled-down version of the five-star corporate hospitals. The Covid-19 outbreak laid bare the denial of decent medical attention to the poor by this long-tolerated caste system of public healthcare. The chapter then looks at the relationship between democracy and healthcare. The commonplace belief that representative democracy forces competition for popular support that in turn makes contenders for power more responsive to citizens’ healthcare needs is shown not to apply to India. India’s pathetic public healthcare system and its mercenary private healthcare sector present a troubling anomaly to statistical conclusions that democracy is the nurse of good health. The murderous inequity of its healthcare system speaks of a democracy that celebrates the equality of its people and their votes, even while treating their bodies as unequal.

scholarly journals The Impact of and Government Planning and Responses to Pandemics for People with Disability: A Rapid Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6505
Author(s):  
Adyya Gupta ◽  
Anne Kavanagh ◽  
George Disney
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objective—To collate evidence on (1) the risk of infection for people with disability during infectious disease outbreaks and/or pandemics and (2) government responses and pandemic plans for people with disability. Methods—Through two rapid reviews, relevant peer-reviewed studies and grey literature published from 2002 onwards in the English language were identified. Data were synthesised narratively. Results—Aim 1: Of the 680 studies, two studies were included in the review. No grey literature was eligible for inclusion. The evidence regarding risk was inconclusive. Aim 2: Of the 50 studies, three peer-review studies, along with four government reports were included. The literature largely reported on measures being taken to maximise the prevention of transmission of COVID-19 for the general population, with only a few programs including people with disability. Conclusion—Overall, there is inconclusive evidence on the risk of infection for people with disability during infectious disease outbreaks and/or pandemics and the government preparedness and planning for disease outbreaks and/or pandemics largely exclude people with disability. From a population health perspective, during disease outbreaks and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the general population, it is important for governments to include people with disability in their pandemic planning and response.

scholarly journals ASPEK HUKUM PELAKSANAAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Stephanie PD ◽  
Enjelina S ◽  
Angelica MF ◽  
Imelda Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the 2019-nCoV type of corona virus as a pandemic of a new type of disease spread throughout the world, this is not only a public health case, but will touch every sector. The COVID-19 (cov-19) pandemic has resulted in an emergency for the healthy condition of the Indonesian people, so President Joko Widodo has issued Presidential Decree No. 11/2020. In "procuring vaccines and implementing vaccinations for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic" President Joko Widodo stipulates Presidential Decree No. 14/2021. In choosing health facilities and infrastructure independently & responsibly, every human being has the right to choose according to his wishes, due to the pandemic conditions that concern the interests of the people and the state, so giving vaccinations is actually voluntary because emergency conditions can be forced. Although there is already a legal umbrella for Law No. 4/1984: "Infectious Disease Outbreaks" and Law No. 6/2018: "Health Quarantine", many in the field agree and vice versa on the implementation of vaccination in the community. The purpose of the study is to understand the nature of the administration of the corona vaccine according to the laws and regulations adopted and the factors that occur in society. Using a normative method with a qualitative approach. Giving vaccines to the community is forced. limited availability of vaccines; there are those who support there are those who are antipathy from the community regarding the implementation of vaccination; uneven distribution. The reason for the community's refusal to receive the Covid-19 vaccine is due to different trusts, this is supported by the lack of communication channels as well as the delivery of information that is not well targeted, the data on the type of vaccine is limited in information, the availability of the Covid-19 vaccine, as well as safe conditions. The government should fully support the Nusantara vaccine and the Merah Putih vaccine developed by Indonesian researchers. World Health Organizatioan (WHO) mendefinisikan Virus corona jenis Virus 2019-nCoV sebagai pandemi jenis penyebaran penyakit baru keseluruh dunia, hal ini bukan hanya kasus kesehatan masyarakat, tapi akan menyentuh setiap sektor. Pandemi covid-19(cov-19) mengakibatkan kedaruratan kondisi sehat khalayak Indonesia, sehingga Presiden Joko Widodo menetapkan KeppresNo.11/2020. Dalam “pengadaan vaksin dan pelaksanaan vaksinasi untuk penanggulangan pandemi covid-19” Presiden Joko widodo menetapkan Perpres No.14/2021. Dalam memilih sarana juga prasarana kesehatan secara mandiri & bertangggungjawab tiap manusia punya hak memilih sesuai dengan keinginannya, berhubung kondisi pandemi yang menyangkut kepentingan rakyat dan negara lebih diutamakan, jadi pemberian vaksinasi yang sebenaranya bersifat volunteer karena kondisi darurat bisa bersifat dipaksakan. Meskipun sudah ada payung hukum UU No.4/1984:”Wabah Penyakit Menular” serta UU No.6/2018:“Kekarantinaan Kesehatan”, tapi dilapangan banyak yang setuju dan sebaliknya pada pelaksanaan vaksinasi dimasyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk memahami sifat dari pemberian vaksin corona menurut peraturan perundangan yang dianut dan faktor- faktor yang terjadi di masyarakat.  Memakai metode normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pemberian vaksin kepada masyarakat bersifat memaksa. keterbatasan ketersedian vaksin; ada yang mendukung ada yang antipati dari masyarakat terkait pelaksanaan vaksinasi; penyaluran yang tidak merata. Alasan penolakan masyarakat dalam menerima vaksin Covid-19 dikarenakan adanya trust yang berbeda,  hal ini didukung kurangnya alur komunikasi juga cara penyampaian informasi yang kurang tepat sasaran, data jenis vaksin terbatas informasinya, ketersediaan vaksinCov-19, juga syarat aman. Pemerintah selayaknya mendukung penuh vaksin Nusantara dan vaksin Merah Putih  yang dikembangkan para peneliti Indonesia.

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