Russia-China fighter deal strengthens defence ties

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
Foreign Customer ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
20Th Session

Subject Su-35 fighter-jet deal. Significance At the 20th session of the Russian-Chinese Intergovernmental Commission on Military-Technical Cooperation, which met in Moscow on November 17, the Kremlin and Beijing finally agreed on China purchasing 24 Sukhoi-35 (NATO designation Flanker-E) multi-role fighter planes from Russia. Beijing has therefore become the first foreign customer for the Su-35. The transaction is also the first new Chinese contract for a Russian warplane in almost a decade. Impacts The planes will enable Chinese military aviation to conduct longer patrols in contested maritime categories. Growing cooperation with Beijing could be problematic for President Vladimir Putin's relations with South-east Asian states such as Vietnam. The Su-35 sale to China is likely to increase calls from the Russian military for more T-50 stealth fighters to maintain the advantage. The Russia-Turkey clash and Moscow's wider tensions with NATO will push Russia to make more concessions to China.

Parts of South-east Asia may adopt nuclear post-2030

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Development

Significance It is the only country in South-east Asia with a large-scale nuclear plant, although this was never loaded with fuel. Other countries in the region have tentative plans to develop nuclear power programmes. Impacts The current absence of nuclear power programmes will help avert the diversion of capital from renewable energy development in the region. South-east Asian countries with small, non-power reactors, built for research, will try to maintain these facilities. Across the region, the need for electricity grid investment will increase as more decentralised generation sources are deployed.

China could seize Taiwan's outlying islands

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Successful Attack

Significance They are difficult to defend and therefore a tempting target. Beijing might try to seize them as a way to frighten and demoralise Taiwan's government or as preparation for an assault on Taiwan itself. Impacts A successful attack might embolden China to seize islands claimed by Japan and South-east Asian states. Western sanctions imposed in response to such an attack would be significantly more aggressive than those related to Xinjiang and Hong Kong. Japan would take the possibility of war with China more seriously and strengthen its defence capabilities more vigorously. A weak US response would shake Seoul's confidence in US protection and could make South Korea more likely to develop nuclear weapons.

scholarly journals School performance in three South East Asian countries: lessons in leadership, decision-making and training

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Hugues D. Gill ◽  
Elizaveta Berezina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
And Training

Purpose The three neighbouring nations of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore participated in the 2009, 2012 and 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) cycles. Despite many similarities between the three nations, Singapore has consistently been a top PISA performer, with Malaysia and Indonesia in the bottom third of the international league tables. This paper aims to sketch the comparative Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) context and uses PISA-derived metrics to contrast how differences in decision-making and school leadership, particularly in relation to staff development and training practices, may impact school performance across Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Design/methodology/approach Ten scales from the 2015 PISA School Questionnaire for Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia were analysed using ANOVA and t-tests as an aid to exploring the extent to which different approaches to teacher training, school leadership and governance may impact student performance. Findings Although Malaysian and Indonesian school principals report higher levels of autonomy than Singaporean peers, other evidence suggests that schools in Singapore may actually have greater decision latitude. Most significantly, Singaporean teachers take responsibility for key staff development decisions and skills transfer, whereas in Indonesia and Malaysia, teacher training is controlled by government administrators, a factor that may be a critical differentiator between the school systems. Practical implications In Singapore, teacher training is controlled by and for teachers through professional learning teams within schools and professional learning communities across schools; in Malaysia and Indonesia, similar decisions are taken by external administrators. Giving Malaysian and Indonesian teachers control over their own training could be a simple and powerful reform to target skills gaps and to generalise improvements in pedagogy quickly across schools and thus to lift school performance in these countries. Originality/value This paper highlights how differences at systemic and school levels, particularly in approaches to teacher training and leadership and may explain differentials in school performance in three ASEAN education systems.

scholarly journals Insights into the Unique Nature of the East Asian Clade of the Emerging Pathogenic Yeast Candida auris

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory M. Welsh ◽  
D. Joseph Sexton ◽  
Kaitlin Forsberg ◽  
Snigdha Vallabhaneni ◽  
Anastasia Litvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Information ◽  
Asian Clade ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Unique Nature

ABSTRACT The emerging yeast Candida auris can be highly drug resistant, causing invasive infections, and large outbreaks. C. auris went from an unknown pathogen a decade ago to being reported in over thirty countries on six continents. C. auris consists of four discrete clades, based on where the first isolates of the clade were reported, South Asian (clade I), East Asian (clade II), African (clade III), and South American (clade IV). These clades have unique genetic and biochemical characteristics that are important to understand and inform the global response to C. auris. Clade II has been underrepresented in the literature despite being the first one discovered. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Y. J. Kwon et al. (J Clin Microbiol 57:e01624-18, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01624-18) describe the largest collection of clinical isolates from Clade II, which is also the longest-running span of clinical cases, 20 years, from any single region to date. Clade II appears to have a propensity for the ear that is uncharacteristic of the other clades, which typically cause invasive infections and large-scale outbreaks. This study provides new information on an understudied lineage of C. auris and has important implications for future surveillance.

East Asian college consumer decision-making styles for sport products

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bae ◽  
Doris Lu-Anderson ◽  
Junya Fujimoto ◽  
Andre Richelieu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Lifestyle Education

Purpose – Purchasing behaviors have been studied in various countries. Previous studies involving consumer decision-making styles for sport products have only been seen in one country in order to either identify factors of Purchase Style Inventory for Sport Products (PSISP) or classify consumer shopping behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to identify consumers’ decision-making styles (shopping styles) for sport products from Japanese, Singaporean, and Taiwanese college-aged consumers. Design/methodology/approach – The scale of PSISP was adapted to measure consumer decision-making styles (shopping styles) for sport products. This instrument is composed of 35 items under nine dimensions. CFA, 3 (Nationality) × 2 (Gender) MANOVA and ANOVA were employed. Findings – According to the results of this study, there were significant different decision-making styles among three different countries in East Asia. Overall, Japanese male and female college-aged students exhibited higher brand consciousness than Singaporean and Taiwanese males and females. Research limitations/implications – As consumers from different countries show different lifestyle, education, economic, religion, and culture, they might have their unique shopping styles. Therefore, the dimensions related to decision-making styles need to be explored, and the scale needs to be validated using a substantial sport industry sample in the future study. Practical implications – This study helps East Asian advertisers or markets to rethink and develop appropriate marketing strategies as well as to understand the different decision-making styles of local consumers and better approach new and existing consumer markets. Originality/value – This paper is important for international sports marketers to predict consumer shopping patterns and maintain proper inventory levels, particularly when marketing in global markets.

Streptomyces chiangmaiensis sp. nov. and Streptomyces lannensis sp. nov., isolated from the South-East Asian stingless bee (Tetragonilla collina)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1896-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaowanoot Promnuan ◽  
Takuji Kudo ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma ◽  
Panuwan Chantawannakul
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Two novel actinomycetes, strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T, were isolated from the South-East Asian stingless bee (Tetragonilla collina Smith 1857), collected from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T were consistent with the genus Streptomyces , i.e. the formation of aerial mycelia bearing spiral spore chains, the presence of the ll-isomer of diaminopimelic acid in cell walls, iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids with carbon chain lengths 14–17 atoms as the major fatty acids and MK-9(H8) as the predominant menaquinone plus minor amounts of MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H10). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T exhibited 98.8 and 98.1 % sequence similarity, respectively, with Streptomyces chromofuscus NRRL B-12175T and 98.9 % sequence similarity with each other. This study suggested that strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T were distinct from previously described species of the genus Streptomyces . In addition, the low degrees of DNA–DNA relatedness between the isolates and S. chromofuscus JCM 4354T warranted assigning strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T to two novel species. The names Streptomyces chiangmaiensis sp. nov. (type strain TA4-1T  = JCM 16577T  = TISTR 1981T) and Streptomyces lannensis sp. nov. (type strain TA4-8T  = JCM 16578T  = TISTR 1982T) are proposed. The species names indicate the geographical locations where the stingless bees reside.

scholarly journals Mutations ingyrAandgyrBamong Fluoroquinolone- and Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2090-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yien Chien ◽  
Wei-Yih Chiu ◽  
Shun-Tien Chien ◽  
Chia-Jung Chiang ◽  
Chong-Jen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTIn order to correlate the mutations inside the entiregyrAandgyrBgenes with the level of resistance to ofloxacin (OFX) and moxifloxacin (MFX) in isolates of multidrug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis(MDR-TB), a total of 111 isolates were categorized into OFX-susceptible (MIC, ≤2 μg/ml) and low-level (MIC, 4 to 8 μg/ml) and high-level (MIC, ≥16 μg/ml) OFX-resistant isolates and MFX-susceptible (MIC, ≤0.5 μg/ml) and low-level (MIC, 1 to 2 μg/ml) and high-level (MIC, ≥4 μg/ml) MFX-resistant isolates. Resistance-associated mutations inside thegyrAgene were found in 30.2% of OFX-susceptible and 72.5% and 72.2% of low-level and high-level OFX-resistant isolates and in 28.6% of MFX-susceptible and 58.1% and 83.9% of low-level and high-level MFX-resistant isolates. Compared with OFX-susceptible isolates, low-level and high-level OFX-resistant isolates had a significantly higher prevalence of mutations atgyrAcodons 88 to 94 (17.0%, 65.0%, and 72.2%, respectively;P< 0.001) and a higher prevalence of thegyrBG512R mutation (0.0%, 2.5%, and 16.7%, respectively;P= 0.006). Similarly, compared with MFX-susceptible isolates, low-level and high-level MFX-resistant isolates had a significantly higher prevalence of mutations atgyrAcodons 88 to 94 (14.3%, 51.6%, and 80.6%, respectively;P< 0.001) as well as a higher prevalence of thegyrBG512R mutation (0.0%, 0.0%, and 12.9%, respectively;P= 0.011). D94G and D94N mutations ingyrAand the G512R mutation ingyrBwere correlated with high-level MFX resistance, while the D94A mutation was associated with low-level MFX resistance. The prevalence of mutations atgyrAcodons 88 to 94 and thegyrBG512R mutation were higher among fluoroquinolone (FQ)-susceptible East Asian (Beijing) and Indo-Oceanic strains than they were among Euro-American strains, implying that molecular techniques to detect FQ resistance may be less specific in areas with a high prevalence of East Asian (Beijing) and Indo-Oceanic strains.

Reappraisal of the political approach on East Asian welfare state development: the case of childcare expansion in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 677-693
Author(s):  
Tauchid Komara Yuda
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Power Resource ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welfare State Development

PurposePolitical analyses of the East Asian welfare state development often stress the importance of the power resource model, in which vibrant coalitions between the leftist party, interest groups, civil society and working-class unions have become driving factors in producing generous welfare outcomes. Challenging such analyses, this article discusses the convergence of the political attitude between political actors who are increasingly homogeneous (supportive) when it comes to the universal welfare state notion by focussing on childcare in South Korea.Design/methodology/approachBy using desk review of the peer-reviewed literature and reports, this article investigates the causation for why political parties with different political ideologies were keen on extending childcare programs and its outcome in addressing the existing demographic problems in Korea.FindingsAlthough the collective movement, especially in the 1990s and 2000s, had given important contributions to the early development of childcare in South Korea, more breakthroughs in childcare features were precisely and rapidly developed after politicians from different spectrums of political affiliations converged in their supportive attitude of the universal welfare. The driving factors of political convergence itself are not merely due to electoral competition or political activism; furthermore, it can be linked to the increased global institution involvement in domestic policy with extensive permeability, which, have ruined domestic policy development maintained for ideological reasoning and bring in more popular policy setting.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the growing literature on the political aspect of East Asian social policy studies, which goes beyond the traditional power resource analysis and makes a novel contribution to the childcare policy studies.

The economic impact of a rise in US trade protectionism on East Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyo Cheong ◽  
Jose Tongzon
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
East Asian Country ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Asean Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic impact of a rising US trade protectionism on the economies of China, Japan, South Korea and the ASEAN countries and draw out some policy and strategic implications for the USA and East Asia. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ a computable general equilibrium approach supplemented with qualitative analyses based on empirical evidence. Findings An increase in US import tariffs would result in economic losses for the USA and the corresponding country or region to which the import tariff increase is applied. An increase in US import tariffs for Chinese goods alone would not have any spillover effects on other East Asian countries. But, an imposition of a border adjustment tax (BAT) for all countries and for all products would actually boost US economic growth. Advanced economies would enjoy GDP increases, but China, Korea and the ASEAN countries would face an economic loss in a longer term period, although they would enjoy some growth in the short term. However, when the BAT only applies to a specific East Asian country, USA would suffer an economic loss, with the exception of a BAT specifically targeted at the ASEAN countries. ASEAN countries would not experience any economic loss under all scenarios except in the case of import tariffs specifically targeted at ASEAN. Research limitations/implications From the US perspective, it is beneficial to adopt a BAT for all countries and across the board. Under this arrangement, there would be an economic loss for China, Korea and the ASEAN countries in the longer term. An increase in US trade protectionism would only push the East Asian countries towards deeper economic integration, with serious implications for global pattern of trade and investment. Originality/value The existing literature on the likely economic impact of US trade protectionism on East Asia is very scarce and based on surveys and subjective speculations. This study uses a quantitative method based on empirical evidence.

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