Investigation of the Use of Protective Characteristics of Single-layer Reflective Coating Films of Hafnium Dioxide to Counter Special Cyber Espionage Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii B. Dudykevych ◽  
Nazarii R. Dzianyi ◽  
Ivan R. Opirskyy ◽  
Larysa M. Rakobovchuk ◽  
Petro I. Haraniuk
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Hafnium Dioxide ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Reflective Coating ◽  
Cyber Espionage

Single-layer submicron-thick BaTiO3 coatings from poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-containing sols: Gel-to-ceramic film conversion, densification, and dielectric properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 3116-3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Kozuka ◽  
Atsushi Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Isothermal Heat Treatment ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Ceramic Film ◽  
C Decomposition

BaTiO3-coating films were prepared from a solution containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) of molar composition Ba(CH3COO)2:Ti(OC2H5)4:PVP:CH3COOH:H2O: C2H5OH = 1:1:0.5:27:4:5, via nonrepetitive, single-step dip-coating. The gel films were found to be converted into BaTiO3 films via evaporation of the solvent and CH3COOH below 210 °C, decomposition of PVP at 210–360 °C, decomposition of CH3COO− below 440 °C, and crystallization at 500–610 °C. The decomposition of PVP was accompanied by the progress of the condensation reaction, which resulted in significant reduction in film thickness. When the gel films were heated isothermally at 700 °C, crack-free BaTiO3 films as thick as 0.9 μm were obtained. When the gel films were heated isothermally at 360 °C and then at 700 °C, the film became denser. Higher dielectric constants around 290 were found for the film that underwent the isothermal heat treatment at 360 °C. A slower rate of PVP decomposition was thought to be the key for the film densification.

Performance Analysis of a Multijunction Photovoltaic Cell Based on Cadmium Selenide and Cadmium Telluride

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1058-1062
Author(s):  
Sartaz Tabinna Salim ◽  
Sayeda Anika Amin ◽  
K.M.A. Salam ◽  
Mir Abdulla Al Galib
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cadmium Selenide ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Reflective Coating

A multi-junction photovoltaic cell based on group II-VI Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) with a single layer anti-reflective coating of Silicon Di Oxide (SiO2) has been introduced. In this paper we have performed a comparison of solar energy absorption of CdSe/CdTe cell with existing single and multi-junction cells. The cell has shown significant photon absorption in the spectral range of 300nm-2000nm with an efficiency of 34.6% under terrestrial AM1.5, 1 sun condition.

Modeling and Analysis of Organic Light Emitting Diode with Thin Film Anti-Reflective Coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
B. M. Chaya ◽  
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik ◽  
K. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Reflective Coating ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Reflective Coatings

The effects of anti-reflective coatings (ARC) on organic light emitting diode (OLED) optical characteristics are reported in this paper. The light output produced from the OLED is not 100%. But the emitted light is trapped due to various Modes. The losses at the glass air substrate interfaces of an OLED are addressed in this work. The Anti-Reflective coatings increase the light output by reducing OLED reflections at the interface between glass and air. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and the Fresnel theory have been used to design the device and study the effects on OLED of the Single Layer Anti-Reflective Coating (SLAR) and Double Layer Anti-Reflective Coating (DLAR). The thicknesses and refractive indices of the layers of the anti-reflective coatings were optimized. We also compared the light out coupling power efficiency of the SLAR coated OLED with that of an OLED with a DLAR coating and also with Conventional OLED. The results show that the enhancement in light output efficiency of the DLAR coated OLED was slightly higher than that of the SLAR coated OLED.

Modeling the Effect of ARC and other Parameters on the Efficiency of GaAs Solar Cell Using Silvaco

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Lim Kean Sai ◽  
Rozana A.M. Osman ◽  
M.S. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Reflective Coating ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Parabolic Shape ◽  
P Type

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) based solar cell which have nearly ideal direct bandgap of 1.43eV hold the highest single junction solar cell efficiency. GaAs solar cell without Anti-Reflective Coating (ARC) layer was studied and shows the efficiency ranges between 8% to 15%, followed by GaAs solar cell with efficiency ranges between 20% to 25% with ARC layer. The substrate thickness for both GaAs solar cell was varied from 0.1μm to 1.0μm. Increased of P-type substrate thickness shows a small variation in efficiency with parabolic shape, while increased of N-type substrate thicknesss increased the efficiency between 21% to 25% for single layer GaAs with ARC thickness. Besides that, increased of P-type doping concentration from 1×1018cm-3 to 1×1019cm-3 and fixed N-type doping will decreased the efficiency. However increased the N-type doping concentration from 1×1017cm-3 to 1×1018cm-3 and fixed the P-type doping will increased the efficiency. The thickness of ARC layer on GaAs solar cell was studied and shows that highest efficiency achieved at narrow thickness of ARC.

Epitaxial growth of gadolinium oxide on roll-textured nickel using a solution growth technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Morrell ◽  
Ziling B. Xue ◽  
Eliot D. Specht ◽  
Amit Goyal ◽  
Patrick M. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Nickel Substrates ◽  
High Degree

Chemical solution epitaxy was used to deposit an epitaxial film of Gd2O3 on roll-textured nickel. A 2-methoxyethanol solution of gadolinium methoxyethoxide was used for spin-coating and dip-coating. Films were crystallized using a heat treatment at 1160 °C for 1 h in 4% H2/96% Ar. Single-layer films were approximately 600 Å in thickness, and thicker films could be produced using multiple coatings. θ/2θ x-ray diffractograms revealed only (0041) reflections, indicating a high degree of out-of-plane texture. A pole-figure about the Gd2O3 (222) reflection indicated a single in-plane epitaxy. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the films were smooth, continuous, and free of pin holes. Atomic force microscopy revealed an average surface roughness of 53 Å. Electron diffraction indicated that the misalignment of the majority of the grains in the plane was less than 10°. High-current (0.4 MA/cm2) Yba2Cu3O7–δ films were grown on roll-textured nickel substrates using Gd2O3 as the base layer in a three-layer buffer structure.

Developing MgF2 nanoparticles for improved anti-reflection coating on aspherical lenses

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140014
Author(s):  
Jeong Wan Kim ◽  
Mun Ki Bae ◽  
Yeong Min Park ◽  
Byung Kwan Song ◽  
Tae Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Particle Size Measurement ◽  
Reflective Coating ◽  
Aspherical Lenses ◽  
Ar Coating

In general, MgF2, which is a low-reflective coating material, has a refractive index of 1.38. The refractive index of a single layer of MgF2 is not sufficient for industrial applications. In this study, an anti-reflection MgF2 coating film with low reflectivity and high wear resistance was synthesized to be used as a single layer with a TEOS binder. The prepared anti-reflection coating film was coated in the form of nanoparticles on a curvature lens having an aspherical surface coefficient by spin coating, and the correlation with optical properties was confirmed through particle size measurement. The MgF2 nanoparticle AR coating film was characterized by LDPSA, UV-Vis, SEM and ellipsometry. Mechanical and optical properties were confirmed with a minimum reflectance of 0.1% or less and a low refractive index of 1.24–1.25.

scholarly journals Synthesis of MgF2 Nanoparticles for Improved Anti-Reflective Coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Byung-Kwan Song ◽  
Jae-Yong Jung ◽  
Young-Rae Cho ◽  
Jong-Joo Rha ◽  
Jeong Wan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Region ◽  
Light Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Reflective Coating ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Glare Reduction ◽  
Ar Coating ◽  
Low Refractive Index

Anti-reflective (AR) coatings are popular because they offer high durability with effective reflectance and glare reduction, and they can endure both physical and environmental damage. Magnesium fluoride (MgF<sub>2</sub>) has been used as a nanoparticle coating on AR coating materials by many researchers because they exhibit high transmittance and antireflection characteristics in the visible region, due to its low refractive index. When using MgF<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on a coated AR film, however, a binder is needed to improve abrasion resistance because the binding strength between particles is weak. In this study, AR coating films were prepared by adding MgTFA as a precursor to improve the adhesion resistance of the AR coating films. The AR coating films were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, as well as viscosity and abrasion tests. The binder added to MgF<sub>2</sub> to improve the bonding strength between the particles showed excellent durability. The MgF<sub>2</sub> with added binder had a stronger film strength than a binderless MgF<sub>2</sub> film, even at low drying temperatures. It also exhibited lower reflectance. These characteristics are expected to be valuable for camera lenses, for thin films that require high light extraction efficiency, and in anti-reflection films on solar cell surfaces.

Crystalline order to a resolution of 4.7 A in the sheath of Methanospirilium hungatii: A cross-beta structure

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
Murray Stewart ◽  
T.J. Beveridge ◽  
D. Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Tube Axis ◽  
Basic Subunit ◽  
Beta Structure ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Protein Treatment ◽  
General Appearance

The archaebacterium Methanospirillum hungatii has a sheath as part of its cell wall which is composed mainly of protein. Treatment with dithiothreitol or NaOH released the intact sheaths and electron micrographs of this material negatively stained with uranyl acetate showed flattened hollow tubes, about 0.5 μm diameter and several microns long, in which the patterns from the top and bottom were superimposed. Single layers, derived from broken tubes, were also seen and were more simply analysed. Figure 1 shows the general appearance of a single layer. There was a faint axial periodicity at 28.5 A, which was stronger at irregular multiples of 28.5 A (3 and 4 times were most common), and fine striations were also seen at about 3° to the tube axis. Low angle electron diffraction patterns (not shown) and optical diffraction patterns (Fig. 2) from these layers showed a complex meridian (as a result of the irregular nature of the repeat along the tube axis) which showed a clear maximum at 28.5 A, consistent with the basic subunit spacing.

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