scholarly journals Compact and Low-Cost 3-D Printed Antennas Metalized Using Spray-Coating Technology for 5G mm-Wave Communication Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2051-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaker Alkaraki ◽  
Andre Sarker Andy ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Kin-Fai Tong ◽  
Zhinong Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Printed Antennas ◽  
Coating Technology

scholarly journals Low-Cost Rapid Fabrication of Conformal Liquid-Metal Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elassy ◽  
Akau ◽  
Shiroma ◽  
Seo ◽  
Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Rapid Fabrication ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Stretchable Conductors

Patterned conformal conductive structures are used to realize flexible electronics for applications such as electronic skin, communication devices, and sensors. Thus, there is a demand for low-cost rapid fabrication techniques for flexible and stretchable conductors. Spray-coating of liquid metals is a prototyping method that is compatible with elastic substrates. In this work, UV-curable and polyimide masks were used to pattern sprayed liquid metal (LM). The effect of the spraying parameters on the thickness and conductivity of the LM was characterized. A minimum LM linewidth of 48 µm was achieved, along with a minimum gap width of 34 µm. A LM patch antenna and transmission line, which can potentially be used for communication systems, were demonstrated using this fabrication process.

Design of New Reconfigurable and Miniature Microstrip Planar Antennas

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-257
Author(s):  
Ridouane Er-Rebyiy ◽  
Jamal Zbitou ◽  
Abdelali Tajmouati ◽  
Mohamed Latrach
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Planar Antennas ◽  
Printed Antennas ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
State Of Art

Recently, wireless communication systems have developed rapidly and have become more mobile and small. This necessarily requires the adequacy of its design. The materials used should be as much as possible small and at a lower cost. So low cost with reduced volume and low weight are some of the major challenges that must be faced by the designer of modern telecommunications equipment. The microstrip planar antenna is an attraction and the most crucial component used in mobile systems, and its miniaturization is one of the research challenges. This chapter focuses on the concept of miniature reconfigurable antennas by presenting and discussing the state of art with contributions in designing reconfigurable miniature printed antennas.

scholarly journals Superhydrophobicity and Durability in Recyclable Polymers Coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8244
Author(s):  
Francesca Cirisano ◽  
Michele Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Alkaline Environments ◽  
Fine Control ◽  
Recycle And Reuse

Highly hydrophobic and superhydrophobic materials obtained from recycled polymers represent an interesting challenge to recycle and reuse advanced performance materials after their first life. In this article, we present a simple and low-cost method to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface by employing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder in polystyrene (PS) dispersion. With respect to the literature, the superhydrophobic surface (SHS) was prepared by utilizing a spray- coating technique at room temperature, a glass substrate without any further modification or thermal treatment, and which can be applied onto a large area and on to any type of material with some degree of fine control over the wettability properties. The prepared surface showed superhydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle (CA) of 170°; furthermore, the coating was characterized with different techniques, such as a 3D confocal profilometer, to measure the average roughness of the coating, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the surface morphology. In addition, the durability of SH coating was investigated by a long-water impact test (raining test), thermal treatment at high temperature, an abrasion test, and in acidic and alkaline environments. The present study may suggest an easy and scalable method to produce SHS PS/PTFE films that may find implementation in various fields.

scholarly journals Physical-Layer Security Improvement with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Wireless Communication Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Janghyuk Youn ◽  
Woong Son ◽  
Bang Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Pilot Signal ◽  
Time Division

Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received much interest from both academia and industry due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness in adjusting the phase and amplitude of wireless signals with low-cost passive reflecting elements. In particular, many RIS-aided techniques have been proposed to improve both data rate and energy efficiency for 6G wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel RIS-based channel randomization (RCR) technique for improving physical-layer security (PLS) for a time-division duplex (TDD) downlink cellular wire-tap network which consists of a single base station (BS) with multiple antennas, multiple legitimate pieces of user equipment (UE), multiple eavesdroppers (EVEs), and multiple RISs. We assume that only a line-of-sight (LOS) channel exists among the BS, the RISs, and the UE due to propagation characteristics of tera-hertz (THz) spectrum bands that may be used in 6G wireless communication systems. In the proposed technique, each RIS first pseudo-randomly generates multiple reflection matrices and utilizes them for both pilot signal duration (PSD) in uplink and data transmission duration (DTD) in downlink. Then, the BS estimates wireless channels of UE with reflection matrices of all RISs and selects the UE that has the best secrecy rate for each reflection matrix generated. It is shown herein that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional techniques in terms of achievable secrecy rates.

scholarly journals A 300-GHz low-cost high-gain fully metallic Fabry–Perot cavity antenna for 6G terahertz wireless communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basem Aqlan ◽  
Mohamed Himdi ◽  
Hamsakutty Vettikalladi ◽  
Laurent Le-Coq
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Polarization Level

AbstractA low-cost, compact, and high gain Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antenna which operates at 300 GHz is presented. The antenna is fabricated using laser-cutting brass technology. The proposed antenna consists of seven metallic layers; a ground layer, an integrated stepped horn element (three-layers), a coupling layer, a cavity layer, and an aperture-frequency selective surface (FSS) layer. The proposed aperture-FSS function acts as a partially reflective surface, contributing to a directive beam radiation. For verification, the proposed sub-terahertz (THz) FPC antenna prototype was developed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed antenna has a measured reflection coefficient below − 10 dB from 282 to 304 GHz with a bandwidth of 22 GHz. The maximum measured gain observed is 17.7 dBi at 289 GHz, and the gain is higher than 14.4 dBi from 285 to 310 GHz. The measured radiation pattern shows a highly directive pattern with a cross-polarization level below − 25 dB over the whole band in all cut planes, which confirms with the simulation results. The proposed antenna has a compact size, low fabrication cost, high gain, and wide operating bandwidth. The total height of the antenna is 1.24 $${\lambda }_{0}$$ λ 0 ($${\lambda }_{0}$$ λ 0 at the design frequency, 300 GHz) , with a size of 2.6 mm × 2.6 mm. The proposed sub-THz waveguide-fed FPC antenna is suitable for 6G wireless communication systems.

scholarly journals New Compact Wearable Metamaterials Circular Patch Antennas for IoT, Medical and 5G Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Albert Sabban
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Antenna Feed ◽  
Circular Patch ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Feed Network ◽  
Line Design

The development of compact passive and active wearable circular patch metamaterials antennas for communication, Internet of Things (IoT) and biomedical systems is presented in this paper. Development of compact efficient low-cost wearable antennas are one of the most significant challenges in development of wearable communication, IoT and medical systems. Moreover, the advantage of an integrated compact low-cost feed network is attained by integrating the antenna feed network with the antennas on the same printed board. The efficiency of communication systems may be increased by using efficient passive and active antennas. The system dynamic range may be improved by connecting amplifiers to the printed antenna feed line. Design, design considerations, computed and measured results of wearable circular patch meta-materials antennas with high efficiency for 5G, IoT and biomedical applications are presented in this paper. The circular patch antennas electrical parameters on the human body were analyzed by using commercial full-wave software. The circular patch metamaterial wearable antennas are compact and flexible. The directivity and gain of the antennas with Circular Split-Ring Resonators (CSRR) is higher by 2.5dB to 3dB than the antennas without CSRR. The resonant frequency of the antennas without CSRR is higher by 6% to 9% than the antennas with CSRR. The computed and measured bandwidth of the stacked circular patch wearable antenna with CSRR for IoT and medical applications is around 12%, for S11 lover than −6dB. The gain of the circular patch wearable antenna with CSRR is around 8dBi.

scholarly journals Energy Optimization of a Laser-Powered Hovering-UAV Relay in Optical Wireless Backhaul

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Bashir ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Achievable Rate ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Wireless Backhaul

<div>Due to their flexibility and low cost deployment, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) will most likely act as base stations and backhaul relays in the next generation of wireless communication systems. However, these UAVs---in the untethered mode---can only operate for a finite time due to limited energy they carry in their batteries. In free-space optical communications, one solution is to transport both the data and the energy from the source to the UAV through the laser beam---a concept known as <i>simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer</i> (SLIPT). In this study, we have analyzed the SLIPT scheme for laser-powered decode-and-forward UAV relays in an optical wireless backhaul. The major goal of this study is to optimally allocate the received beam energy between the decoding circuit, the transmitting circuit and the rotor block of the relay in order to maximize a quality-of-service metric such as maximum achievable rate, outage or error probabilities. As expected, we note that the optimal power allocation depends heavily on the source-relay and relay-destination channel conditions. In the final part of this study, we have maximized the operational time of the UAV relay given that the maximum achievable rate stays above a certain threshold in order to meet a minimum quality-of-service requirement.</div>

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