Environmental parameters associated with incidence and transmission of pathogenic Vibrio spp .

The genus Vibrio comprises pathogens ubiquitous to marine environments. This study evaluated the cultivable Vibrio community in the Guanabara Bay (GB), a recreational, yet heavily polluted estuary in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Over one year, 66 water samples from three locations along a pollution gradient were investigated. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing 20 Vibrio species, including several potential pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams (including carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins), fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Four strains were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), all of which carried beta-lactam and heavy metal resistance genes. The toxR gene was detected in all V. parahaemolyticus strains, although none carried the tdh or trh genes. Higher bacterial isolation rates occurred in months marked by higher water temperatures, lower salinities, and lower phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. The presence of non-susceptible Vibrio spp. was related to indicators of eutrophication and sewage inflow. DNA fingerprinting analyses revealed that V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus strains non-susceptible to antimicrobials might persist in these waters throughout the year. Our findings indicate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. in a recreational environment, raising concerns about the possible risks of human exposure to these waters.

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Longitudinal Study of Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (tdh+ and/or trh+) in Two Natural Extraction Areas of Mytilus chilensis in Southern Chile

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.621737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Bacian ◽

Cristobal Verdugo ◽

Katherine García ◽

Josu Perez-Larruscain ◽

Ignacio de Blas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

River Estuary ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Interaction Factor

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-associated bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although different studies have focused on its pattern of variation over time, knowledge about the environmental factors driving the dynamics of this pathogen, within the Chilean territory, is still lacking. This study determined the prevalence of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains (tdh and/or trh genes) in mussels (Mytilus chilensis) collected from two natural growing areas between 2017 and 2018, using selective agar and PCR analysis. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 45.6% (93/204) of pooled samples from the Valdivia River Estuary. The pathogenic strains carrying the tdh and/or trh gene were detected in 11.8% (24/204): tdh in 9.8% (20/204), trh in 0.5% (1/204), and 1.5% (3/204) presented both genes. In Reloncaví Fjord, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 14.4% (30/209) of the samples, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying the trh gene was detected in 0.5% (1/209) of the samples, while the tdh gene was not detected in the samples from this area. The total count of mauve-purple colonies typical of V. parahaemolyticus on CHROMagar was positively associated by multivariate analysis with area, water temperature, and salinity. Similarly, V. parahaemolyticus detection rates by PCR had a positive correlation with the area and water temperature. The chances of detecting total V. parahaemolyticus in the Valdivia River Estuary are significantly higher than in the Reloncaví Fjord, but inversely, during spring-summer months, the interaction factor between the area and temperature indicated that the chances of detecting V. parahaemolyticus are higher in the Reloncaví Fjord. Interestingly, this period coincides with the season when commercial and natural-growing shellfish are harvested. On the other hand, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus tdh+ was significantly correlated with an increase of water temperature. These environmental parameters could be used to trigger a warning on potential hazard, which would influence human health and economic losses in aquaculture systems.

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ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI Vibrio spp. PATOGEN PENYEBAB VIBRIOSIS PADA KERAPU DI BALAI BUDIDAYA AIR PAYAU SITUBONDO

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.9053 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Kamiso Handoyo Nitimulyo ◽

Alim Isnansetyo ◽

Triyanto Triyanto ◽

Indah Istiqomah ◽

Muhammmad Murdjani

Keyword(s):

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

The Body ◽

Total Length ◽

Specific Disease ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Development Center ◽

Aquaculture Development ◽

Vibrio Spp

This research was conducted to isolate, identify, and characterize pathogenic Vibrio spp., causative agents of vibriosis in grouper at Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center (BADC), Situbondo. Twenty-nine isolates were isolated from wound, gills, eyes, liver, and ren of grouper with vibriosis on Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar (TCBSA) medium. Koch Postulate Test was conducted to determine pathogenic Vibrio spp., by intraperitoneal injection to humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) (9-10 cm of total length) at 106 cells/fish in triplicates. Results indicated that the pathogenic Vibrio spp., causative agents of vibriosis in grouper at BADC, Situbondo were identified to be V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. metchnikovii, V. vulnificus, V. fluvialis, V. furnisii, and V. parahaemolyticus. Infection of the pathogenic Vibrio spp. caused acute mortality within 17-46 hours with specific disease signs like haemorhagic on fins (pinnae pectorales, pinnae abdominales, pinna analis) and also on the body. These results suggested that vibriosis should be monitored and controlled properly and quickly.

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Application of Bacteriophages to Control Vibrio alginolyticus Contamination in Oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) Larvae

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9070415 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tuan Son Le ◽

Paul C. Southgate ◽

Wayne O’Connor ◽

Sang V. Vu ◽

D. İpek Kurtböke

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Potential Treatment ◽

Bivalve Larvae ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Potential Development ◽

Bacterial Treatment ◽

Saccostrea Glomerata ◽

Vibrio Spp

Mortalities of bivalve larvae and spat linked with Vibrio spp. infection have been described in hatcheries since 1959, causing potential development of resistant bacteria. A reliable and sustainable solution to this problem is yet to be developed. Potential treatment of bacterial infection with bacteriophages is gaining interest in aquaculture as a more sustainable option for managing Vibrio spp. infection. This study assessed the effectiveness of bacteriophages (Φ-5, Φ-6, and Φ-7) against pathogenic Vibrio isolates (USC-26004 and USC-26005). These phage isolates were found to belong to the Myoviridae viral family. A total of 212 ORFs of Φ-5 were identified and annotated. The genome of this phage contained putative thymidine kinase and lysin enzyme. During infections with phages, the OD values of the isolates USC-26005 and USC-26004 remained stable at a much lower reading compared to the control after 9 h of incubation. Mortality rate of oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) larvae was 28.2 ± 3.5% in the bacteriophage treatment group, compared to 77.9 ± 9.1% in the bacterial treatment group after 24 h incubation. Findings of this study indicate that lytic phages might be utilized as potential bio-control agents of luminescent bacterial disease in oyster hatcheries.

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Isolation and identification of pathogenic Vibrio spp. retrieved from diseased Litopenaeus vannamei and beneficial role of some functional probiotic bacteria for control

Aquaculture International ◽

10.1007/s10499-020-00530-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 1403-1420

Author(s):

Peng Yu ◽

Teng Wang ◽

Haibin Ye ◽

Hongwei Shan ◽

Shen Ma

Keyword(s):

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Beneficial Role ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Vibrio Spp

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Differences in Abundances of Total Vibrio spp., V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Clams and Oysters in North Carolina

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02265-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. A. Froelich ◽

B. Phippen ◽

P. Fowler ◽

R. T. Noble ◽

J. D. Oliver

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Overlying Water ◽

Content Type ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Bacterial Concentrations ◽

Vibrio Spp

ABSTRACT Filter feeding shellfish can concentrate pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, as much as 100-fold from the overlying water. These shellfish, especially clams and oysters, are often consumed raw, providing a route of entry for concentrated doses of pathogenic bacteria into the human body. The numbers of foodborne infections with these microbes are increasing, and a better understanding of the conditions that might trigger elevated concentrations of these bacteria in seafood is needed. In addition, if bacterial concentrations in water are correlated with those in shellfish, then sampling regimens could be simplified, as water samples can be more rapidly and easily obtained. After sampling of oysters and clams, either simultaneously or separately, for over 2 years, it was concluded that while Vibrio concentrations in oysters and water were related, this was not the case for levels in clams and water. When clams and oysters were collected simultaneously from the same site, the clams were found to have lower Vibrio levels than the oysters. Furthermore, the environmental parameters that were correlated with levels of Vibrio spp. in oysters and water were found to be quite different from those that were correlated with levels of Vibrio spp. in clams. IMPORTANCE This study shows that clams are a potential source of infection in North Carolina, especially for V. parahaemolyticus. These findings also highlight the need for clam-specific environmental research to develop accurate Vibrio abundance models and to broaden the ecological understanding of clam-Vibrio interactions. This is especially relevant as foodborne Vibrio infections from clams are being reported.

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The Impact of Water Intrusion on Pathogenic Vibrio Species to Inland Brackish Waters of China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6781

Author(s):

Qingyao Wang ◽

Songzhe Fu ◽

Qian Yang ◽

Jingwei Hao ◽

Can Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seawater Intrusion ◽

Water Area ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Potential Health ◽

Probable Number ◽

Inland River ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

The Impact ◽

Vibrio Spp

The estuary is the ecological niche of pathogenic Vibrio spp. as it provides abundant organic and inorganic nutrients from seawater and rivers. However, little is known about the ecology of these Vibrio species in the inland brackish water area. In this study, their co-occurrence and relationships to key environmental constraints (salinity and temperature) in the Hun-Tai River of China were examined using the most probable number polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) approach. We hereby report 2-year continuous surveillance based on six water indices of the Hun-Tai River. The results showed that seawater intrusion maximally reached inland as far as 26.5 km for the Hun-Tai River. Pathogenic Vibrio spp. were detected in 21.9% of the water samples. In particular, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus were isolated in 10 (10.4%), 20 (20.8.5%), and 2 (2.08%) samples, respectively. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were tdh gene negative, 10% were positive for the trh gene. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) divided V. parahaemolyticus strains into 12 sequence types (STs) for the Hun-Tai River. Five STs were respectively present in various locations along the Hun-Tai River. The PCR assay for detecting six virulence genes and Vibrio seventh pandemic island I and II revealed three genotypes in 12 V. cholerae isolates. The results of our study showed that seawater intrusion and salinity have profound effects on the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the inland river, suggesting a potential health risk associated with the waters of the Hun-Tai River used for irrigation and drinking.

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Temporal and Spatial Variability in Culturable Pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02509-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (15) ◽

pp. 5384-5393 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Olivia D. Nigro ◽

Aixin Hou ◽

Gayatri Vithanage ◽

Roger S. Fujioka ◽

Grieg F. Steward

Keyword(s):

Virulence Gene ◽

Lake Pontchartrain ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽

Hurricanes Katrina And Rita ◽

Pathogenic Vibrios ◽

Vibrio Spp ◽

Sampling Times

ABSTRACTWe investigated the abundance, distribution, and virulence gene content ofVibrio cholerae,V. parahaemolyticus, andV. vulnificusin the waters of southern Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana on four occasions from October 2005 to September 2006, using selective cultivation and molecular assays. The three targeted pathogenic vibrios were generally below the detection level in January 2006, when the water was cold (13°C), and most abundant in September 2006, when the lake water was warmest (30°C). The maximum values for these species were higher than reported previously for the lake by severalfold to orders of magnitude. The only variable consistently correlated with total vibrio abundance within a single sampling was distance from shore (P= 0.000). Multiple linear regression of the entire data set revealed that distance from shore, temperature, and turbidity together explained 82.1% of the variability in total vibrio CFU. The log-transformed mean abundance ofV. vulnificusCFU in the lake was significantly correlated with temperature (P= 0.014), but not salinity (P= 0.625). Virulence-associated genes ofV. cholerae(ctx) andV. parahaemolyticus(trhandtdh) were not detected in any isolates of these species (n= 128 andn= 20, respectively). In contrast, 16S rRNA typing ofV. vulnificus(n= 298) revealed the presence of both environmental (type A) and clinical (type B) strains. The percentage of the B-typeV. vulnificuswas significantly higher in the lake in October 2005 (35.8% of the total) than at other sampling times (P≤ 0.004), consistent with the view that these strains represent distinct ecotypes.

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