scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (tdh+ and/or trh+) in Two Natural Extraction Areas of Mytilus chilensis in Southern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bacian ◽  
Cristobal Verdugo ◽  
Katherine García ◽  
Josu Perez-Larruscain ◽  
Ignacio de Blas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Interaction Factor

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-associated bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although different studies have focused on its pattern of variation over time, knowledge about the environmental factors driving the dynamics of this pathogen, within the Chilean territory, is still lacking. This study determined the prevalence of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains (tdh and/or trh genes) in mussels (Mytilus chilensis) collected from two natural growing areas between 2017 and 2018, using selective agar and PCR analysis. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 45.6% (93/204) of pooled samples from the Valdivia River Estuary. The pathogenic strains carrying the tdh and/or trh gene were detected in 11.8% (24/204): tdh in 9.8% (20/204), trh in 0.5% (1/204), and 1.5% (3/204) presented both genes. In Reloncaví Fjord, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 14.4% (30/209) of the samples, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying the trh gene was detected in 0.5% (1/209) of the samples, while the tdh gene was not detected in the samples from this area. The total count of mauve-purple colonies typical of V. parahaemolyticus on CHROMagar was positively associated by multivariate analysis with area, water temperature, and salinity. Similarly, V. parahaemolyticus detection rates by PCR had a positive correlation with the area and water temperature. The chances of detecting total V. parahaemolyticus in the Valdivia River Estuary are significantly higher than in the Reloncaví Fjord, but inversely, during spring-summer months, the interaction factor between the area and temperature indicated that the chances of detecting V. parahaemolyticus are higher in the Reloncaví Fjord. Interestingly, this period coincides with the season when commercial and natural-growing shellfish are harvested. On the other hand, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus tdh+ was significantly correlated with an increase of water temperature. These environmental parameters could be used to trigger a warning on potential hazard, which would influence human health and economic losses in aquaculture systems.

scholarly journals Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242229
Author(s):  
Esam Almuhaideb ◽  
Lathadevi K. Chintapenta ◽  
Amanda Abbott ◽  
Salina Parveen ◽  
Gulnihal Ozbay
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Species Specific

This study identified Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster and seawater samples collected from Delaware Bay from June through October of 2016. Environmental parameters including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll a were measured per sampling event. Oysters homogenate and seawater samples were 10-fold serially diluted and directly plated on CHROMagarᵀᴹ Vibrio medium. Presumptive V. parahaemolyticus colonies were counted and at least 20% of these colonies were selected for molecular chracterization. V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 165) were screened for the presence of the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene, the pathogenic thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)/ thermostable related hemolysin (trh) genes, the regulatory transmembrane DNA-binding gene (toxR), and V. parahaemolyticus metalloprotease (vpm) gene using a conventional PCR. The highest mean levels of the presumptive V. parahaemolyticus were 9.63×103 CFU/g and 1.85×103 CFU/mL in the oyster and seawater samples, respectively, during the month of July. V. parahaemolyticus levels in oyster and seawater samples were significantly positively correlated with water temperature. Of the 165 isolates, 137 (83%), 110 (66.7%), and 108 (65%) were tlh+, vpm+, and toxR+, respectively. Among the V. parahaemolyticus (tlh+) isolates, 7 (5.1%) and 15 (10.9%) were tdh+ and trh+, respectively, and 24 (17.5%), only oyster isolates, were positive for both genes. Potential pathogenic strains that possessed tdh and/or trh were notably higher in oyster (39%) than seawater (15.6%) isolates. The occurrence of total V. parahaemolyticus (tlh+) was not necessarily proportional to the potential pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Co-occurrence of the five genetic markers were observed only among oyster isolates. The co-occurrence of the gene markers showed a relatedness potential of tdh occurrence with vpm. We believe exploring the role of V. parahaemolyticus metalloprotease and whether it is involved in the toxic activity of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) protein can be of significance. The outcomes of this study will provide some foundation for future studies regarding pathogenic Vibrio dynamics in relation to environmental quality.

scholarly journals Long-Term Study of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Prevalence and Distribution in New Zealand Shellfish

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2320-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Cruz ◽  
D. Hedderley ◽  
G. C. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Food Borne

ABSTRACTThe food-borne pathogenVibrio parahaemolyticushas been reported as being present in New Zealand (NZ) seawaters, but there have been no reported outbreaks of food-borne infection from commercially grown NZ seafood. Our study determined the current incidence ofV. parahaemolyticusin NZ oysters and Greenshell mussels and the prevalence ofV. parahaemolyticustdhandtrhstrains. Pacific (235) and dredge (21) oyster samples and mussel samples (55) were obtained from commercial shellfish-growing areas between December 2009 and June 2012. TotalV. parahaemolyticusnumbers and the presence of pathogenic genestdhandtrhwere determined using the FDA most-probable-number (MPN) method and confirmed using PCR analysis. In samples from the North Island of NZ,V. parahaemolyticuswas detected in 81% of Pacific oysters and 34% of mussel samples, while the numbers ofV. parahaemolyticustdhandtrhstrains were low, with just 3/215 Pacific oyster samples carrying thetdhgene.V. parahaemolyticusorganisms carryingtdhandtrhwere not detected in South Island samples, andV. parahaemolyticuswas detected in just 1/21 dredge oyster and 2/16 mussel samples. Numbers ofV. parahaemolyticusorganisms increased when seawater temperatures were high, the season when most commercial shellfish-growing areas are not harvested. The numbers ofV. parahaemolyticusorganisms in samples exceeded 1,000 MPN/g only when the seawater temperatures exceeded 19°C, so this environmental parameter could be used as a trigger warning of potential hazard. There is some evidence that the totalV. parahaemolyticusnumbers increased compared with those reported from a previous 1981 to 1984 study, but the analytical methods differed significantly.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Fish Aquaculture of the Southwest Coastal Area of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Baker Siddique ◽  
M. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Sobur Ali ◽  
Md. Nayem Dewan ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ileal Loop ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture and a threat to human health. Here, we explored the incidence, virulence potential, and diversity of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from aquaculture farms in Bangladesh. We examined a total of 216 water, sediment, Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), Labeo rohita (rui), and Penaeus monodon (shrimp) samples from the aquaculture system where 60.2% (130/216) samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, we identified 323 V. parahaemolyticus strains from contaminated samples, 17 of which were found positive for trh, a virulence gene. Four isolates out of the 17 obtained were able to accumulate fluid in the rabbit ileal loop assay. The correlation between the contamination of V. parahaemolyticus and environmental factors was determined by Pearson correlation. The temperature and salinity were significantly correlated (positive) with the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus. Most of the pathogenic isolates (94.1%) were found resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin. O8: KUT was the predominant serotype of the potentially pathogenic isolates. ERIC-PCR reveals genetic variation and relatedness among the pathogenic isolates. Therefore, this region-specific study establishes the incidence of potential infection with V. parahaemolyticus from the consumption of tilapia, rui, and shrimp raised in farms in Satkhira, Bangladesh, and the basis for developing strategies to reduce the risk for diseases and economic burden.

Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus in the Aquacultural Environments of Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAO HSIEN TEY ◽  
KOA-JEN JONG ◽  
SHIN-YUAN FEN ◽  
HIN-CHUNG WONG
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Freshwater Ponds ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Southern Taiwan

The occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern Taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. The halophilic V. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log CFU/g. V. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in freshwater ponds, with a frequency of 72.2% and a mean density of 1.65 log CFU/g. V. vulnificus was identified mainly in seawater ponds, with an isolation frequency of 27.8%. The density of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater ponds was positively related to water temperature (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.555) and negatively related to salinity (r = −0.333). The density of V. cholerae in all six ponds was positively related to water temperature (r = 0.342) and negatively related to salinity (r = −0.432). Two putatively pathogenic tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus isolates (1.4% of the samples) and no ctx+ V. cholerae isolates were identified. The experimental results may facilitate assessments of the risk posed by these pathogenic Vibrio species in Taiwan, where aquaculture provides a large part of the seafood supply.

Environmental parameters influence on the dynamics of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in Crassostrea virginica harvested from Mexico’s Gulf coast

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla M. López-Hernández ◽  
Violeta T. Pardío-Sedas ◽  
Leonardo Lizárraga-Partida ◽  
José de J. Williams ◽  
David Martínez-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio

Density of Total and Pathogenic (tdh+) Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Atlantic and Gulf Coast Molluscan Shellfish at Harvest

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. COOK ◽  
JOHN C. BOWERS ◽  
ANGELO DePAOLA
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
The North ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
State Changes

The densities of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in 671 samples of molluscan shellfish harvested in 1999 and 2000 from 14 sites in seven Gulf and Atlantic coast states were determined at 2-week intervals over a period of 12 to 16 months in each state. Changes in V. parahaemolyticus densities in shellfish between harvest and sample analysis were minimized with time and temperature controls. Densities were measured by direct plating techniques, and gene probes were used for identification. Total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus organisms were identified with probes for the thermolabile direct hemolysin (tlh) gene and the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene, respectively. An enrichment procedure involving 25 g of shellfish was also used for the recovery of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The densities of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish from all harvest sites were positively correlated with water temperature. Shellfish from the Gulf Coast typically had higher densities of V. parahaemolyticus than did shellfish harvested from the North Atlantic or mid-Atlantic coast. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts exceeded 1,000 CFU/g for only 5% of all samples. Pathogenic (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus was detected in approximately 6% of all samples by both procedures, and 61.5% of populations in the positive samples from the direct plating procedure were at the lower limit of detection (10 CFU/g). The frequency of detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was significantly related to water temperature and to the density of total V. parahaemolyticus. The failure to detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish more frequently was attributed to the low numbers and uneven distribution of the organism.

A study on bioecology of macroalgae, genus Caulerpa in northern Minahasa Waters, North Sulawesi Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Irma Pulukadan ◽  
Rene Ch Keppel ◽  
Grevo S Gerung
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Bottom Substrate ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Ecological Aspects

Alga is a marine resource of potential to fisheries and marine sector. It has an important economic value to promote the economy in Indonesia. Nowdays, algae have been used as a relatively high value fisheries commodity since it has been used for food, industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. This important potential needs to be supported with understanding of its biology and ecology, so that its utilization could increase the livelihood of the coastal villagers. This study was aimed at inventorying and identifying the members of genus Caulerpa found in North Minahasa Regency waters and studying some biological and ecological aspects of the algae in the area. Resuls showed that there were 7 species recorded, Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata,C. lentillifera and C. peltata. Ecologically, the environmental parameters, such as water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, were in tolerable ranges for algal growth. Bottom substrate supported the growth of genus Caulerpa as well© Saat ini alga dijadikan sebagai komoditas hasil perikanan dengan nilai ekonomis yang relatif tinggi karena manfaatnya sebagai bahan makanan serta bahan baku industri, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Potensi yang cukup penting ini harus ditunjang dengan ilmu pengetahuan tentang biologi dan ekologi dari alga laut, sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian tentang kajian bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Minahasa Utara ini dilaksanakan dan diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan pemanfaatan bagi kepentingan masyarakat pesisir khususnya dan industri alga makro umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, dan mengkaji aspek bioekologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 7 spesies, yaitu Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata, C. lentillifera dan C. peltata. Parameter lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, tingkat kecerahan air berada pada kisaran yang dapat ditolerir untuk pertumbuhan alga makro, sedangkan substrat juga mendukung pertumbuhan alga makro ini©

scholarly journals Life histories and distribution of ostracods with depth in western Lake Geneva (Petit-Lac), Switzerland: a reconnaissance study

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Decrouy ◽  
Torsten W. Vennemann
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Lake Geneva ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Western Lake

Because environmental conditions within a given basin are different for each season and at different water depth, knowledge of the life history and depth distribution of target species is important for environmental and palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on ostracod species assemblages and/or the geochemical compositions of their valves. In order to determine the distribution of species with depth as well as the life history of species from Lake Geneva, a one-year sampling campaign of living ostracods was conducted at five sites (2, 5, 13, 33 and 70 m water depth) on a monthly basis in the Petit-Lac (western basin of Lake Geneva, Switzerland). Based on the results, the different species can be classified into three groups. Littoral taxa are found at 2 and 5 m water depth and include, in decreasing numbers of individuals,Cypridopsis vidua(O. F. Müller, 1776),Pseudocandona compressa(Koch, 1838),Limnocythere inopinata(Baird, 1843),Herpetocypris reptans(Baird, 1835),Potamocypris smaragdina(Vávra, 1891),Potamocypris similis(G. W. Müller, 1912),Plesiocypridopsis newtoni(Brady & Robertson, 1870),Prionocypris zenkeri(Chyzer & Toth, 1858) andIlyocyprissp. Brady & Norman, 1889. Sublittoral species are found in a majority at 13 m water depth and to a lesser extend at 33 m water depth and include, in decreasing numbers of individuals,Fabaeformiscandona caudata(Kaufmann, 1900),Limnocytherina sanctipatricii,Candona candida(O. F. Müller, 1776) andIsocypris beauchampi(Paris, 1920). Profundal species are found equally at 13, 33 and 70 m water depth and includes, in decreasing numbers of individuals,Cytherissa lacustris(Sars, 1863),Candona neglectaSars, 1887 andCypria lacustrisLilljeborg, 1890. The occurrence ofLimnocytherina sanctipatricii(Brady & Robertson, 1869) is restricted from late winter to late spring when temperatures are low, whileC. vidua,L. inopinata,P. smaragdina,P. similis,P. newtoniandIlyocyprissp. occur predominantly from spring to early autumn when temperatures are high. Individuals ofC. neglecta,C. candida,F. caudata,P. compressa,C. lacustris,H. reptansandCp. lacustrisoccur throughout the year with juveniles and adults occurring during the same period (C. neglectaat 70 m,C. lacustrisat 13, 33 and 70 m, andH. reptansat 2, 5 and 13 m water depth) or with juveniles occurring during a different period of the year than adults (C. neglectaat 13 and 33 m andC. candida,F. caudataandP. compressaat their respective depth of occurrence). Among the environmental parameters investigated, an estimate of the relationship between ostracod autoecology and environmental parameters suggests that in the Petit-Lac: (i) water temperature and substrate characteristics are important factors controlling the distribution of species with depth, (ii) water temperature is also important for determining the timing of species development and, hence, its specific life history, and (iii) water oxygen and sedimentary organic matter content is less important compared to the other environmental parameter monitored.

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