Novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ze Lin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Ming Yu Chen ◽  
Ji Liang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Gallbladder Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Exosome: An Emerging Source of Biomarkers for Human Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Long-Fei Wu ◽  
Fei-Yan Deng
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Translational Medicine ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Biomarker Identification ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Exosomes are 30-120nm long endocytic membrane-derived vesicles, which are secreted by various types of cells and stably present in body fluids, such as plasma, urine, saliva and breast milk. Exosomes participate in intercellular communication. Recently accumulative studies have suggested that exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we reviewed the biological features of exosomes, technologies for exosome isolation and identification, as well as progress in exosomal biomarker identification, highlighting the relevance of exosome to human diseases and significance and great potential in translational medicine.

scholarly journals Recent Discoveries of Macromolecule- and Cell-Based Biomarkers and Therapeutic Implications in Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Hsing-Ju Wu ◽  
Pei-Yi Chu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Breast cancer is fairly heterogeneous and reveals six molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, basal-like subtype (ER−, PR−, and HER2−), normal breast-like, and claudin-low. Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis play critical roles in improving therapeutic outcomes and prognosis. Mammography is currently the main commercially available detection method for breast cancer; however, it has numerous limitations. Therefore, reliable noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are required. Biomarkers used in cancer range from macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, to whole cells. Biomarkers for cancer risk, diagnosis, proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis have been identified in breast cancer. In addition, there is currently a greater demand for personalized or precise treatments; moreover, the identification of novel biomarkers to further the development of new drugs is urgently needed. In this review, we summarize and focus on the recent discoveries of promising macromolecules and cell-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and provide implications for therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Circulating Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer (CRC)—Their Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2391
Author(s):  
Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Number Of Publications

The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to increase, with 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths by 2030. Therefore, the establishment of novel biomarkers useful in the early diagnosis of CRC is of utmost importance. A number of publications have documented the significance of the overexpression of several specific proteins, such as inflammatory mediators, in CRC progression. However, little is known about the potential utility of these proteins as circulating blood tumor biomarkers of CRC. Therefore, in the present review we report the results of our previous original studies as well as the findings of other authors who investigated whether inflammatory mediators might be used as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Our study revealed that among all of the tested proteins, serum M-CSF, CXCL-8, IL-6 and TIMP-1 have the greatest value in the diagnosis and progression of CRC. Serum TIMP-1 is useful in differentiating between CRC and colorectal adenomas, whereas M-CSF and CRP are independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with CRC. This review confirms the promising significance of these proteins as circulating biomarkers for CRC. However, due to their non-specific nature, further validation of their sensitivity and specificity is required.

scholarly journals Circular RNA Expression Profiling Identifies Prostate Cancer- Specific circRNAs in Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1903-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianlin Xia ◽  
Tao Ding ◽  
Guihong Zhang ◽  
Zehuan Li ◽  
Ling Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Rna Expression Profiling

Background/Aims: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the main cancers that damage males’ health severely with high morbidity and mortality, but there is still no ideal molecular marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Methods: To determine whether the differentially expressed circRNAs in prostate cancer can serve as novel biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis, we screened differentially expressed circRNAs using SBC-ceRNA array in 4 pairs of prostate tumor and paracancerous tissues. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for the differential circRNAs and their host genes was constructed by Cytoscape3.5.1 software. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the microarray data. Results: We found 1021 differentially expressed circRNAs in PCa tumor using SBC-ceRNA array and confirmed the expression of circ_0057558, circ_0062019 and SLC19A1 in PCa cell lines and tumor tissues through qRT-PCR analysis. We demonstrated that combination of PSA level and two differentially expressed circRNAs showed significantly increased AUC, sensitivity and specificity (0.938, 84.5% and 90.9%, respectively) than PSA alone (AUC of serum PSA was 0.854). Moreover, circ_0057558 was correlated positively with total cholesterol. The functional network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA analysis showed that circ_0057558 and circ_0034467 regulated miR-6884, and circ_0062019 and circ_0060325 regulated miR-5008. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that differentially expressed circRNAs (circ_0062019 and circ_0057558) and host gene SLC19A1 of circ_0062019 could be used as potential novel biomarkers for prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Systemic Proteomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Exosomal Protein Profiles in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qiu Qin ◽  
Ronghua Song ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Chaoqun Gao ◽  
Qiuming Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Monocyte Differentiation ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Amyloid P

Objective. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease with unknown pathogenesis. In recent years, fewer have paid attention to the broad spectrum of systemic markers of RA. The aim of this study was to identify exosomal candidate proteins in the pathogenesis of RA. Methods. Totally, 12 specimens of plasma from 6 RA patients and 6 age- and gender-matched controls from the Chinese population were obtained for nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) analysis to identify exosomal profiles. Results. A total of 278 exosomal proteins were detected. Among them, 32 proteins were significantly upregulated ( FC ≥ 2.0 and P < 0.05 ) and 5 proteins were downregulated ( FC ≤ 0.5 and P < 0.05 ). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that transthyretin (TTR), angiotensinogen (AGT), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (CD14), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), serum amyloid P (SAP/APCS), and tenascin (TNC) can interact with each other. Subsequently, these cross-linked proteins may be mainly involved in the inflammatory-related pathways to mediate the onset of RA. Noteworthy, the LBP/CD14 complex can promote the expression of IL-8 and TNF-α, eventually leading to the development of RA. Conclusions. Our findings suggest distinct plasmatic exosomal protein profiles in RA patients. These proteins not only take important parts in the vicious circle in the pathogenic process of RA but also serve as novel biomarkers in RA diagnosis and prognosis.

CircRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Su ◽  
Jinying Zhao ◽  
Huahua Su ◽  
Yanhua Wang ◽  
Wenfeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers

: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the common histological subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a new class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the development of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicated that a large number of circular RNAs were found to be involved in many biological processes, including tumor initiation, proliferation and progression. These circRNAs present great potentials as new biomarkers and vital targets for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we mainly focus on the differentially expressed circRNAs and their functions in the pathogenesis of LUAD, which makes it possible for the utility of circRNAs as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy. Especially, it is helpful to develop circRNAs as crucial therapeutic targets, thus providing a promising biomedical application in the field of cancer gene therapy.

scholarly journals Chemokines—What Is Their Role in Colorectal Cancer?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327482090338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pączek ◽  
Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Common Malignancy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. It is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy in Europe and third worldwide. Colorectal malignancies diagnosed at an early stage offer a promising survival rate. However, advanced tumors often present distant metastases even after the complete resection of a primary tumor. Therefore, novel biomarkers of CRC are sorely needed in the diagnosis and prognosis of this common malignancy. A family of chemokines are composed of small, secreted proteins. They are best known for their ability to stimulate the migration of several cell types. Some investigations have indicated that chemokines are involved in cancer development, including CRC. This article presents current knowledge regarding chemokines and their specific receptors in CRC progression. Moreover, the prime aim of this review is to summarize the potential role of these proteins as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.

scholarly journals A SEMA3 Signaling Pathway-Based Multi-Biomarker for Prediction of Glioma Patient Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7396
Author(s):  
Indre Valiulyte ◽  
Giedrius Steponaitis ◽  
Deimante Kardonaite ◽  
Arimantas Tamasauskas ◽  
Arunas Kazlauskas
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Glioma Patient ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Patient’S Outcome

Glioma is a lethal central nervous system tumor with poor patient survival prognosis. Because of the molecular heterogeneity, it is a challenge to precisely determine the type of the tumor and to choose the most effective treatment. Therefore, novel biomarkers are essential to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma tumors. Class 3 semaphorin proteins (SEMA3) play an important role in tumor biology. SEMA3 transduce their signals by using neuropilin and plexin receptors, which functionally interact with the vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potential of SEMA3 signaling molecules for prognosis of glioma patient survival. The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to evaluate mRNA expression of SEMA3(A-G), neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2), plexins (PLXNA2 and PLXND1), cadherins (CDH1 and CDH2), integrins (ITGB1, ITGB3, ITGA5, and ITGAV), VEGFA and KDR genes in 59 II-IV grade glioma tissues. Seven genes significantly associated with patient overall survival were used for multi-biomarker construction, which showed 64%, 75%, and 68% of accuracy of predicting the survival of 1-, 2-, and 3-year glioma patients, respectively. The results suggest that the seven-gene signature could serve as a novel multi-biomarker for more accurate prognosis of a glioma patient’s outcome.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Signaling Pathway: An Update on Molecular Biomarkers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warut Tulalamba ◽  
Tavan Janvilisri
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Barr Virus Infection

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon cancer, which has a distinctive ethnic and geographic distribution. Etiology of NPC is considered to be related with a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors as well as Epstein-Barr virus infection. Since NPC is located in the silent painless area, the disease is usually therefore diagnosed at the advanced stages; hence early detection of NPC is difficult. Furthermore, understanding in molecular pathogenesis is still lacking, pondering the identification of effective prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Dysregulation of signaling molecules in intracellular signal transduction, which regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion, underlines the basis of NPC pathogenesis. In this paper, the molecular signaling pathways in the NPC are discussed for the holistic view of NPC development and progression. The important insights toward NPC pathogenesis may offer strategies for identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.

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