Hepatitis viruses: prevalence of equine parvovirus‐hepatitis virus and equine hepacivirus in France and Australia

Since the dramatic rise of the coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients receiving dialysis have emerged as especially susceptible to this infection because of their impaired immunologic state, chronic inflammation and the high incidence of comorbidities. Although several strategies have thus been implemented to minimize the risk of transmission and acquisition in this population worldwide, the reported severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence varies across studies but is higher than in the general population. On the contrary, the screening for hepatitis viruses (HBV and HCV) has seen significant improvements in recent years, with vaccination in the case of HBV and effective viral infection treatment for HCV. In this sense, a universal SARS-CoV-2 screening and contact precaution appear to be effective in preventing further transmission. Finally, regarding the progress, an international consensus with updated protocols that prioritize between old and new indicators would seem a reasonable tool to address these unexpended changes for the nephrology community.

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Special Issue “Structural Variations and Molecular Genetics of Hepatitis Virus and Related Viruses”

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13081456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Kei Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Molecular Genetics ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Special Issue ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Hepatitis Viruses

In this special issue, we present collected updated data on the hepatitis viruses [...]

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Hepatitis Viruses: Oysters, Blood Transfusions, and Cancer

Viruses, Plagues, and History ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190056780.003.0008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 187-200

Author(s):

Michael B. A. Oldstone

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Chinese Literature ◽

Fourth Century ◽

World Health ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Ancient Chinese

This chapter studies the history of hepatitis virus infection. Hepatitis and/or jaundice were recorded in the fourth century BC by Hippocrates and over 1,000 years ago in the ancient Chinese literature. By the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the association of a virus infection with jaundice and liver disease was made. The major hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), and non-A, non-B or hepatitis C (HCV). HAV is transmitted almost always by fecal–oral routes but occasionally by transfusion or inoculation of blood obtained during the transient stage of viremia that occurs during the HAV incubation period. While there is currently no effective vaccine for HCV, an effective vaccine exists for HBV. A problem with the HBV vaccine is individuals refusing to be vaccinated. Nevertheless, recent progress made on the understanding and treatment of these viruses has led to the World Health Organization planning that by 2030 hepatitis infections will be reduced by 90% and deaths by 65%.

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Automated, phylogeny-based genotype delimitation of the Hepatitis Viruses HBV and HCV

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7754 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7754

Author(s):

Dora Serdari ◽

Evangelia-Georgia Kostaki ◽

Dimitrios Paraskevis ◽

Alexandros Stamatakis ◽

Paschalia Kapli

Keyword(s):

Species Delimitation ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Virus Taxonomy ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Virus Classification ◽

Distance Methods

Background The classification of hepatitis viruses still predominantly relies on ad hoc criteria, i.e., phenotypic traits and arbitrary genetic distance thresholds. Given the subjectivity of such practices coupled with the constant sequencing of samples and discovery of new strains, this manual approach to virus classification becomes cumbersome and impossible to generalize. Methods Using two well-studied hepatitis virus datasets, HBV and HCV, we assess if computational methods for molecular species delimitation that are typically applied to barcoding biodiversity studies can also be successfully deployed for hepatitis virus classification. For comparison, we also used ABGD, a tool that in contrast to other distance methods attempts to automatically identify the barcoding gap using pairwise genetic distances for a set of aligned input sequences. Results—Discussion We found that the mPTP species delimitation tool identified even without adapting its default parameters taxonomic clusters that either correspond to the currently acknowledged genotypes or to known subdivision of genotypes (subtypes or subgenotypes). In the cases where the delimited cluster corresponded to subtype or subgenotype, there were previous concerns that their status may be underestimated. The clusters obtained from the ABGD analysis differed depending on the parameters used. However, under certain values the results were very similar to the taxonomy and mPTP which indicates the usefulness of distance based methods in virus taxonomy under appropriate parameter settings. The overlap of predicted clusters with taxonomically acknowledged genotypes implies that virus classification can be successfully automated.

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STATUS OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS (HAV) AND HEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEV) INFECTION IN THE PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN JHALAWAR, RAJASTHAN

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i3.1033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Adhunika Singh ◽

Yogendra Kumar Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Burden Of Illness ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Common Cause ◽

The World

Viral hepatitis refers to a primary infection and inflammation of the liver by any of the heterogenous group of hepatitis virus types A,B,C,D and E.1 The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g. alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis. There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These 5 types are of greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Around 400 million people all over the world suffer from chronic hepatitis and the Asia-Pacific region constitutes the epicentre of this epidemic.2

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HIV: hepatitis virus co-infection

Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health ◽

10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0043 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 507-512

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Treatment Considerations ◽

The Common

This chapter describes the common hepatitis viruses that can occur in conjunction with HIV infection. These include hepatitis B (including co-infection with hepatitis D) and C viruses. These infections are much more common amongst people who live with HIV (PWLH) than the general population due to the fact that they may also be sexually transmitted or transmitted through blood products together with HIV, as well as the fact that areas of high endemicity for hepatitis viruses and HIV overlap. Hepatitis viruses have become very important causes of liver disease amongst PWLH due to the success of HIV treatment. There is discussion of the epidemiology of these viruses in the setting of HIV. As well as how to manage the infections, including important treatment considerations when treating both HIV and hepatitis viruses. With focus on treatment differences, and drug interactions between treatments for HIV and hepatitis viruses.

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis Virus Antibodies in Newly Admitted Students of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2967 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Muhammad Shamsher Ahmed ◽

Osul Ahmed Chowdhury ◽

Mohsina Khatoon ◽

Fahmin Kabir ◽

Ahmed Riad Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

First Year ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Medical College ◽

B Virus

Blood samples from randomly selected 100 newly admitted first year MBBS students of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College were tested to find the seroprevalence of antibodies against Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Hepatitis E viruses. The study revealed a lower seroprevalence of HAV antibodies than the common perception of their age group. The rate of vaccination against hepatitis B virus was found not very high, considering the affluence of their parents. Also there were lack of awareness about risk factors of viral hepatitis and many of the students were in habit of taking food outside. Institutionalized vaccination policy for 1st year medical students against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B along with awareness building measures regarding the professional risk among the new entrants are suggested. Policy planners and other stakeholders in the field should come up with a comprehensive intervention strategy to protect the future caregivers from the scourge of hepatitis viruses. Keywords: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis E, Seroprevalence doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2967 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 20-26

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High Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis A and E Viruses and Viremia of Hepatitis B, C, and D Viruses among Apparently Healthy Populations in Mongolia

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.11.2.392-398.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 392-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Masaharu Takahashi ◽

Tsutomu Nishizawa ◽

Yuhko Gotanda ◽

Fumio Tsuda ◽

Fumio Komatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Capital City ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT The prevalence of infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV was evaluated in 249 apparently healthy individuals, including 122 inhabitants in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, and 127 age- and sex-matched members of nomadic tribes who lived around the capital city. Overall, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 24 subjects (10%), of whom 22 (92%) had detectable HBV DNA. Surprisingly, HDV RNA was detectable in 20 (83%) of the 24 HBsAg-positive subjects. HCV-associated antibodies were detected in 41 (16%) and HCV RNA was detected in 36 (14%) subjects, none of whom was coinfected with HBV, indicating that HBV/HCV carriers account for one-fourth of this population. Antibodies to HAV and HEV were detected in 249 (100%) and 28 (11%) subjects, respectively. Of 22 HBV DNA-positive subjects, genotype D was detected in 21 subjects and genotype F was detected in 1 subject. All 20 HDV isolates recovered from HDV RNA-positive subjects segregated into genotype I, but these differed by 2.1 to 11.4% from each other in the 522- to 526-nucleotide sequence. Of 36 HCV RNA-positive samples, 35 (97%) were genotype 1b and 1 was genotype 2a. Reflecting an extremely high prevalence of hepatitis virus infections, there were no appreciable differences in the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers between the two studied populations with distinct living place and lifestyle. A nationwide epidemiological survey of hepatitis viruses should be conducted in an effort to prevent de novo infection with hepatitis viruses in Mongolia.

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Basic reproduction numbers of three strains of mouse hepatitis viruses in mice

10.1101/2021.09.24.461643 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masataka Nakayama ◽

Shigeru Kyuwa

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Mouse Hepatitis Virus ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Laboratory Mice ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Viral Growth ◽

Reproduction Numbers

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a murine coronavirus and one of the most important pathogens in laboratory mice. Although various strains of MHV have been isolated, they are generally excreted in the feces and transmitted oronasally via aerosols and contaminated bedding. In this study, we attempted to determine the basic reproduction numbers of three strains of MHV to improve our understanding of MHV infections in mice. Five-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were inoculated intranasally with either the Y, NuU, or JHM variant strain of MHV and housed with two naive mice. After 4 weeks, the presence or absence of anti-MHV antibody in the mice was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also examined the distribution of MHV in the organs of Y, NuU, or JHM variant-infected mice. Our data suggest that the transmissibility of MHV is correlated with viral growth in the gastrointestinal tract of infected mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to address the basic reproduction numbers among pathogens in laboratory animals.

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The biomarker N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and liver diseases

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v34i1.14910 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ling Wang ◽

Jiabao Geng ◽

Jie Li ◽

Tong Li ◽

Akira Matsumori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Mean Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hepatitis Viruses ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

Pathologic Lesions ◽

The Mean ◽

Hepatitis Virus Infection

Purpose: NT-proBNP has emerged as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in heart disease. Studies showed that NT-proBNP is a sensitive biomarker for identifying patients with heart failure caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) related myocarditis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the serum concentration of NT-proBNP and hepatitis virus infection/liver disease. Methods: 223 serum samples from blood donors (aged 19~50 years old) were collected as a control group, and 644 samples were obtained from patients infected by hepatitis viruses including 493 HBV: 364 chronic hepatitis (CH), 86 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 43 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 151 HCV (85 CH, 14 HCC, 52 LC). All samples were assayed with an Elecsys immunoassay analyzer for NT-proBNP concentration. Results: The mean concentration of NT-proBNP in the control group was 21.77 pg/ml and showed no significant variation with either age or gender. Both the mean value and the rate of abnormality of NT-proBNP were significantly higher for the HBV- and HCV-infected groups in comparison with the control group. The mean NT-proBNP value (380.24 pg/ml) and abnormality rate (38.41%) in the HCV group were higher than that of the HBV group. For samples from patients with HBV/HCV-related hepatic disease/pathology, the mean NT-proBNP value (517.19 pg/ml/597.18 pg/ml) were the highest in the liver cirrhosis group. Conclusions: Hepatic pathologic lesions, particularly cirrhosis, may contribute to the elevation of NT-proBNP in subjects with HBV/HCV infection.

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