The Internationalization of Production, Intra-Core Relations and the State: A Case Study of IBM and the British Computer Industry

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-405
Author(s):  
Heidi Gottfried
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Computer Industry ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

Theories of dependency and development contain several deficiencies which limit their effectiveness for the study of core/core relations. Similarly, frameworks allowing for a study of intra-core relations have not adequately specified the relationship between international and national factors, or their combined effects, in generating inequities between core countries. This case study offers some preliminary observations about the relationship between internationalization of production and national economic planning efforts. The study highlights several points concerning the matrix of international and national political-economic factors, and focuses on particular patterns resulting from the configuration of these factors in the case of the British computer industry and International Business Machines (IBM).

scholarly journals Efficient Original-Destination Bandwidth: A Novel Model for Arterial Traffic Signal Coordination

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-616
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Zongzhong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Lag Phase ◽  
Band Model ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Signal Coordination ◽  
Dynamic Matrix ◽  
Phase Sequence ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Arterial Traffic ◽  
The Relationship

This paper proposes an efficient origin-estimation bandwidth (OD band) model, which provides dedicated progression bands for arterial traffic based on the real-time dynamic matrix of their estimated OD pairs. The innovations of the OD band model are as follows: First, the dynamics of through and turning-in/out traffics are analyzed based on the matrix of their estimated OD pairs, and used to generate the traffic movement sequence at continuous intersections; Second, the end-time of green interval for lag-lag phase sequence at continuous intersections is determined according to the relevant constraints, the relationship between the start/end-time of green interval and the minimum/maximum green intervals; Third, the bandwidths of the two directions of the artery ware produced, after being weighted by their traffic demands. The intuitiveness, convenience, and feasibility of the OD band model were fully demonstrated through a case study. Overall, the OD band model helps to produce bi-directional progression bands for traffic with many turning movements on the artery, and enables the through and turning-in/out traffics to proceed through continuous intersections, when the signals at those intersections are green.

Forecasting Models Based on Data Analytics for Predicting Rice Price Volatility: A Case Study of the Sri Lankan Rice Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchala Hathurusingha ◽  
Neda Abdelhamid ◽  
David Airehrour
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Rice Price ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Viable Mechanism

Paddy rice is a staple food that is common among the Sri Lankan populace. However, the frequent price variation of rice has negatively impacted the Sri Lankan economy. This is due to the Sri Lankan rice market lacking the mechanisms to evaluate and predict future rice price variations, often leaving domestic traders and consumers affected by sudden price spikes. This study identifies the quantifiable economic factors that affect the sudden rice price variations and presents a viable mechanism for forecasting Domestic Rice Price (DRP). In addition, it establishes three different regression models to emphasise the relationship of DRP in Sri Lanka with three economic factors: International Rice Price (IRP), International Crude Oil Price (ICOP), and USD Exchange Rate. Further, a time series model is formulated to forecast future variations in DRP while advancing factors that have a significant, but negative, correlative impact on the DRP. The results presented in this study show that the models proposed can be used by relevant food authorities to predict sudden hikes and dips in DRP, allowing them to establish a robust price control system.

Comparative Petrological Studies of 1962 and 1988–1989 Eruptions of Tokachidake Volcano, Japan: A Case Study for Understanding the Relationship Between Eruption Style and Magma Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-779
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Nakagawa ◽  
Akiko Matsumoto ◽  
Kyohei Kobayashi ◽  
Keiji Wada ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basaltic Magma ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
Magma Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Supply ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Repeated magmatic eruptions of Tokachidake volcano have caused severe volcanic disasters on three occasions during the 20th century. To prepare for the next eruptive activity, understanding the structure of the magma plumbing system by using petrological analysis of juvenile materials is crucial. Here, we perform petrological analysis of juvenile materials to investigate the difference between two contrasting eruptions in 1962 and 1988–1989, respectively. All these juvenile materials are composed of mafic andesite, which were formed by mixing of olivine-bearing basaltic and pyroxene andesitic magmas. The compositional zonations of olivine phenocrysts in all of these rocks suggest that the injection of the basaltic magma into the andesitic magma occurred several months prior to the 1962 eruption and about six months before the 1988–1989 eruption. In the case of the 1962 activity, the mixed magma rapidly ascended without stagnation from the magma chamber and erupted as a sub-Plinian type. However, the juvenile materials of the 1988–1989 eruptions show distinct petrological features such as higher crystallinity of the matrix, orthopyroxene reaction rims around the olivine, and overgrowth mantle zones around Ti-magnetite phenocrysts. These features suggest that the mixed magma ascended slowly and possibly stagnated at shallower levels prior to eruption. The stagnated magma became a cap rock of the vent system and caused a series of Vulcanian eruptions. These distinct modes of magma ascent can be explained by differences in the magma supply rate. In the case of the 1962 eruption, the volume of magma that erupted in a period of less than 24 h was 7.1 × 107 m3. On the contrary, 23 explosions occurred over three months of the 1988–1989 activity and generated 1 × 105 m3 of ejecta including juvenile and non-juvenile materials. These large eruption rate differences can be attributed to the distinct ascent rates of the magma between the two eruptive activities.

Politics of Power-Sharing in Disputed Territories: A Case Study of the 13th Amendment in the Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110522
Author(s):  
Raja Qaiser Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Power Sharing ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Government ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
The Relationship

The proper functioning of the government and administration of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is taken care of by Pakistan through the successive installment of courts and a series of acts that inter alia include the 1962 Act, the 1970 Act, and the Interim Constitution Act 1974. This paper discusses power-sharing arrangements in AJK, and makes connections to asymmetrical federalism and liminality. It further dissects the matrix of the 13th amendment in the constitution of Azad Kashmir and how it changed the nature of the relationship between AJK and Pakistan. The paper also underscores the contemporary contours of state and polity in AJK and the debate on the 14th amendment.

scholarly journals Maritime-Continental Contrasts in the Properties of Low-Level Clouds: A Case Study of the Summer of the 2003 Yamase, Japan, Cloud Event

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawo Eguchi ◽  
Tadahiro Hayasaka ◽  
Masahiro Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Water ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Stratus Clouds ◽  
Cloud Parameters ◽  
Cloud Water Path ◽  
The Relationship

Satellite data were used to investigate maritime-continental differences in the characteristics of the low-level cloud (the Yamase cloud) that covered northeast Japan during the summer of 2003. The features of the Yamase cloud were found to be almost the same as those of general stratus clouds but with a smaller effective radius (re) and a greater optical thickness (τ) over land, as compared with general stratus clouds. The values ofreover land (average, 11.8 μm) were smaller than those over the ocean (13.5 μm), and the values ofτand the cloud water path over land (20 and 145 gm−2, resp.) showed larger spatial variances than those over the ocean (10 and 86 gm−2, resp.), although the cloud top altitude was nearly the same over both ocean and land (1–3 km). We suggest that this maritime-continental contrast is a result of the combined effects of topography and aerosols characteristics. The Yamase wind blowing from the ocean is forced upwards in coastal regions by the steep mountainous terrain. The updraft drives the inhomogeneity in cloud parameters, and a convective-like cloud develops without precipitation. The relationship betweenreandτsuggests high aerosol concentrations and unstable conditions over land.

Tracing the Relationship between Inequality, Crime and Punishment

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The question of inequality has moved decisively to the top of the contemporary intellectual agenda. Going beyond Thomas Piketty’s focus on wealth, increasing inequalities of various kinds, and their impact on social, political and economic life, now present themselves among the most urgent issues facing scholars in the humanities and the social sciences. Key among these is the relationship between inequality, crime and punishment. The propositions that social inequality shapes crime and punishment, and that crime and punishment themselves cause or exacerbate inequality, are conventional wisdom. Yet, paradoxically, they are also controversial. In this volume, historians, criminologists, lawyers, sociologists and political scientists come together to try to solve this paradox by unpacking these relationships in different contexts. The causal mechanisms underlying these correlations call for investigation by means of a sustained programme of research bringing different disciplines to bear on the problem. This volume develops an interdisciplinary approach which builds on but goes beyond recent comparative and historical research on the institutional, cultural and political-economic factors shaping crime and punishment so as better to understand whether, and if so how and why, social and economic inequality influences levels and types of crime and punishment, and conversely whether crime and punishment shape inequalities.

From Financialization to Vulture Developmentalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haberly
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter dissects the potential and limitations of South-North strategic sovereign wealth fund (SWF) investment as a tool for catalyzing technological upgrading in the developing world. After an overview of the problems posed by financialized, neoliberal globalization for conventional development policy tools, and how states are seeking to overcome these limitations through the use of strategic SWFs, there follows a model of the political-economic factors conditioning the ability of developing countries to use South-North strategic SWF investment to promote technology transfer in the reverse direction. This model describes the politics of SWF-led development in terms of not only the “double bottom line” of SWF-owning state political and financial interests, but also a second double-bottom line encompassing the political and financial interests of multiple host economy actors. A case study of Abu Dhabi shows how this has simultaneously enabled and constrained state attempts to use South-North strategic SWF-investment to accelerate domestic economic development.

scholarly journals Italy Is Fragile: Soil Consumption and Climate Change Combined Effects on Territorial Heritage Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6389
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fabian ◽  
Mattia Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Accurate Interpretation ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Consumption ◽  
Taking Care

The article looks for relations between growth of expanding cities, number of catastrophes and reduction of inhabitants in inland regions. The study explores these aspects through cartographic readings aimed at highlighting the relationship between soil consumption, the abandonment of peripheral areas, and environmental risks due to floods, landslides and earthquakes. The research analyzes the whole of Italy as a case study between 1990 and 2019 to get an accurate interpretation of the relations between these phenomena. The conclusions alert us to the need to redirect Italy’s development and its resilience projects. The study outlines the need of a re-living plan for Italian inner areas. It would be the only security process really capable of taking care of the territory.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between commercial and residential land uses and energy consumption using Gis and Vickor model (case study: District 6)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Mojgan Rezaei ◽  
Mohsen Ranjbar ◽  
Bahram Azadbakht ◽  
Alireza Estelaji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Q Value ◽  
Model Case ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Study District

The city is a living thing whose population determines its future. Given its administrative and political pole in Iran, Tehran has attracted a significant population and District 6, given the establishment of commercial-administrative centers is the administrative pole. The purpose of the study was to examine and compare the energy consumption in the field of transportation and administrative-commercial buildings. For this purpose, the research method was based on a researcher-made questionnaire based on 6 main variables and 49 items. The sample size of 384 people was selected to reach the results using Cochran's test to answer. The study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. Data collection was based on library documents, and Vikor test was used to rank energy consumption and reach the final results. It has to be acknowledged that the results showed a significant relationship between social and economic factors in the field of transportation and residential and commercial areas until the end of January 2019. Other cases followed a 5-year pattern with a not-so-low consumption rate. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between pollutant production and energy consumption in the second quarter of each year. The statistical results based on the Vickor model showed that the first and second conditions of the above statistical test were confirmed and Districts 2, 3 and 8 have the best rank in terms of Q value, respectively, and the final result is correct.

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