Colonial Science and Dependent Development: The Case of the Irish Experience

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Yearley
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irish Republic ◽  
Colonial Science

This paper draws on recent studies of colonial science and of the social function of science in the underdeveloped world to analyse the social development of science in Ireland and, subsequently, the Irish Republic. It is suggested that after the Act of Union scientific activity in Ireland became prized as a cultural practice, largely isolated from its local context and potential local applications. Because of governmenta priorities in the new state and because of the Anglo-Irish character of much of the scientific culture, this isolation persisted after Partition. The recent history of science in the Irish Republic is interpreted in terms of this isolation or marginality.

Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chomel (1671–1740): A Case Study in Problems Relating to the Social Status of Scientists in the Early Modern Period

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-322
Author(s):  
David Sturdy
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practice Of Science

Consider this statement: the practice of science influences and is influenced by the civilization within which it occurs. Or again: scientists do not pursue their activities in a political or social void; like other people, they aspire to make their way in the world by responding to the values and social mechanisms of their day. Set in such simple terms, each statement probably would receive the assent of most scholars interested in the history of science. But there is need for debate on the nature and extent of the interaction between scientific activity and the civilization which incorporates it, as there is on the relations of scientists to the society within which they live. This essay seeks to make a contribution mainly to the second of these topics by taking a French scientist and academician of the eighteenth century and studying him and his family in the light of certain questions. At the end there will be a discussion relating those questions or themes to the wider debate. There is an associated purpose to the exercise: to present an account of the social origins and formation of Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chomel (botanist, physician and member of the Academic des Sciences) which will augment our knowledge of this particular savant.

scholarly journals CHANGE AND EMPOWERMENT IN THE CULT OF GUAN GONG IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (27) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Tho Ngoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Vietnamese History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Development Change ◽  
History Of

Cultural practice is a kind of expression and reflection of real livelihood into human mind and experience, is a set of knowledge, values, faiths and social standards constructed by the whole community; therefore, it contains the rhythm and breath of life and can be changed to meet the demands. Regarding socialenvironment, the communities always keep going on the processes of developing and diversifying their culture through acculturation, exchange and localization, which finally constructs the social norms, goals and driving forces for their advancement. Among various approaches and methodologies, the change in  empowerment in cultural practices actively offers the optimized values in functional standardization and implementation. The final value is undoubtedly the social capital. This research is to investigate the introduction, development, change and empowerment of the Chinese-rooted Guan Gong belief in Vietnam, through which emphasizes the process and nature of the cult during the deep absorption in Vietnamese history of anti-foreign invasions throughout the last two centuries, and enriches local values of a characteristic belief and a symbolic icon of multicultural exchanges in Vietnam, especially in the Southern region. Thispaper applies the theories of deconstruction and empowerment under cultural studies perspective in order to analyze and explain the processes of  deconstruction, restructuring and empowerment in the cult of Guan Gong in Southern Vietnam as well as extract the regular principle of cultural exchanges locally.

P.F. Lesgaft's activities at Kazan University

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
A. V. Shabunin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The scientific activity of Professor P.F.Lesgaft at Kazan University is a bright page in the history of the medical faculty and a noticeable trace in the social and cultural life of our city. And the so-called Kazan "Lesgaft case" became known throughout Russia.

scholarly journals Study on Culture and Design of Female Underwear in the Ming Dynasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
XinRu Wu ◽  
XiaoFen Ji
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Cultural Connotation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

The article is mainly about the historical background and design details of female underwear in the Ming dynasty. Through the analyses of the evolution of styles, materials, colors, patterns, and crafts of female underwear in the Ming Dynasty, the research shows that the cultural connotation behind the design of underwear. During the history of nearly 300 years of the Ming Dynasty, the social environment and cultural background of various periods, including Neo-Confucianism and Yangming's Mindology, economic and social development in different periods, social ethos and customs, have all contributed to the aesthetic orientation and design of female underwear in the Ming Dynasty. The research of design and development of Ming's female underwear is the inheritance and development of the wisdom of traditional creations, and it is of great significance to the development and protection of Chinese underwear culture.

scholarly journals History of creating curricula, programs and textbooks on foreign language for universities of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2726-2741
Author(s):  
Nurbayeva Aida ◽  
Ongarbayeva Aliya ◽  
Khavaidarova Mekhirnis ◽  
Smailova Feruza ◽  
Kalambayeva Gulzhan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis

Like any private didactics the methodology of teaching foreign languages, has its own history, knowledge of which is necessary for understanding the main stages of development of the theory and practice of teaching, the variety of approaches and methods of teaching foreign languages in the modern world. This study aims to research the history of creating curricula, programs and textbooks on foreign language for universities of Kazakhstan. The research conducted a  Historical and pedagogical analysis which showed that foreign language teaching has its roots in the deep past, and played a huge role in the development of human society, since it determined the progress of the transferring the methodological experience and contributed to the social development of mankind. Keywords: foreign language;  ideological principles; historical; pedagogical analysis  .    

scholarly journals The Establishment of a Concept of Equilibrium of the Economic Basis of the Constitutional Order as a Universal Axiological Metaprinciple

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-321
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Defining the foundation of social development is one of the most important issues of all time. For economic relations the issue is addressed through the prism of defining the role of the state in the establishment and development of the economic system of society. Without attempting to reveal the essence and all the engines of the economic system of a society, and without pretending to be true only of the authors conception, we note that, in all the diversity of economic relations, they all have causality, as do all relationships. In this connection, the movement towards the attainment of values (axiological) is an important component of social development, one of which is the achievement of a dynamic balance between the social system in general and the economic system in particular. The desire to achieve a dynamic balance also manifests itself in the fact that it is embodied in different levels of law, becoming a legal value, which is particularly evident during the period of constitutional development of the state. The history of the formation and implementation of the concept of dynamic equilibrium as a universal metaprinciple through legal acts reflects the evolutionary movement of both States and societies, becoming the constitutional denominator, which any state can invoke at any stage of historical development, which is the case in the present study.

Immigrants and Kings

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Boris Adjemian
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Armenian Diaspora ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Sources

The history of the Armenian diaspora in Ethiopia raises a number of questions about the historiography of foreigners in this country and about the collective categories that are used in the social sciences to address concepts such as foreignness, nation, and identity. Armenians in Ethiopia were commonly described as merchants and craftsmen, on the basis of European published sources of the 19th and early 20th centuries. However, their situation in 20th-century Ethiopia was characterized by the depth of their settlement in the host society. Moreover, the Armenian grand narrative claimed as a leitmotiv that they were the favourite servants of the Ethiopian kings. This paper emphasizes the need for a renewed historical approach to foreignness in Ethiopia by paying close attention to memories, alternative sources, and the making of identities as a social and historical process in the local context.

Cultural Industry or Social Problem? The Case of Australian Live Music

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Homan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Live Music ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

The live music pub and club scene has historically been regarded as the source of a distinctively Australian rock/jazz culture, and the basis for global recording success. This paper examines the history of live venue practices as a case study of a local cultural industry that often existed outside of traditional policy structures and meanings of the arts industries. Confronted with a loss of performance opportunities for local musicians, it is argued that traditional cultural policy mechanisms and platforms used for cultural nationalist outcomes are no longer relevant. Rather, policy intervention must engage with administrative obstacles to live creativity, specifically the series of local regulations that have diminished the viability of live venues. The decline of the rock/jazz pub continues in the face of current federal government support for touring musicians. A closer inspection of the local administration of cultural practice remains the best means of understanding the devaluation of the social and industrial value of live performance.

scholarly journals The Agon Motif: Redux. A Study of the Contest Element in Sport

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-45
Author(s):  
John W. Loy ◽  
W. Robert Morford
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Western World ◽  
Greek Life ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe contest element of modern sport has its ancient roots in the “agon” of early Greek life. We begin with an overview of the material and historical continuities in the social development of sport, followed by a discussion of our suppositions regarding the original linkage of sport and war in terms of what we call “the agon motif”, and conclude with speculations about residuals of the agon motif in modern sport. We argue it is important to recognize that notwithstanding of the many transitions and transformations in the social development of sport since the agon of Homeric and Hellenic Greek cultures there are notable, long-standing, material and historical continuities in the structure of sport and the ethos of agonal contests. To better depict the relationships between the concepts of sport and contest, we highlight these vestiges of agon. We employ the phrase “the agon motif” to embrace both the concept of “agon”and the concept of “aethlos”. In a structural sense the agon motif refers to the overall properties, processes, and products of agonal competition, including contestants, spectators, battle grounds, sporting venues, festivals and spectacles, prizes and award ceremonies. Whereas, in an ideational sense, the agon motif refers to the ethos of chivalric competition associated with the pursuit of prestige (status-honor) and the active quest to achieve excellence (bodily and moral) through physical prowess in agonal contests wherein individuals place their reputation, moral character, and at times, their very lives at stake. There is a close link to the cult of masculinity and masculine domination in the Western world, since the primary avenues of pursuing the agon motif through war and sport are two of the most highly and rigidly “gendered” activities in the history of humankind. We suggest that the most fundamental dynamic of the agon motif as well as the most enduring residual of the agon motif in modern sport is the pursuit of prestige, honor and excellence through physical prowess. The ethical framework of archaic (heroic) agon represents the epitome of a morality of honor and an ethics of virtue and offers a largely unfamiliar picture from a contemporary viewpoint of winning and losing in sport.

Foreword: Collective Memory and the Politics of Reproduction in Africa

Africa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cole
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practice ◽  
North West ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The North ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Client Relations

When Bamileke women in urban Cameroon give birth, older women often recall the ‘troubles’, the period between 1955 and 1974 when the UPC (Union des Populations du Cameroun) waged a battle of national independence, as a way of teaching their daughters about the hazards of reproduction and threats to Bamileke integrity as a people (Feldman-Savelsberget al.). Slightly to the north-west, in the Nigerian city of Kano, Igbo talk constantly about their memories of the Biafran war, using them to forge a sense of Igbo ethnic distinctiveness that reinforces patterns of patron-client relations critical to the maintenance of transregional connections (Smith), while further to the south many Yoruba are reassessing the meaning of the old practice of pawning children (Renne). Meanwhile in Botswana, where the AIDS epidemic exacts a high death toll, members of an Apostolic church create distinctive practices of remembering what caused a person's death. In so doing, they counter the attenuation of care and support that often occurs when people interpret death as due to illnesses transmitted through blood and improper sexual relations (Klaits). By contrast in a Samburu community in Kenya, the cultural practice ofntotoi, a complex board game, reproduces a male-dominated history of kinship, while systematically erasing a female narrative of adulterous births and forced infanticide. And among rural Beng in Côte d'Ivoire, beliefs and practices that structure infant care serve as an indirect critique of the violence of French colonialism and of its aftermath that continues to interfere in Beng lives in the form of high rates of infant mortality (Gottlieb). As these examples taken from this volume indicate, the papers gathered together in this special issue examine the complex and often contradictory ways in which the reproduction of memories shapes the social and biological reproduction of people.

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