Effects of various hand hygiene regimes on removal and/or destruction of Escherichia coli on hands

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Courtenay ◽  
Lina Ramirez ◽  
Beth Cox ◽  
Inyee Han ◽  
Xiuping Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Hygiene

scholarly journals Prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among undergraduate students of a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Seyi Samson Enitan ◽  
Joan Odigie ◽  
Oluyemisi Ajike Adekunbi ◽  
Okondu Ogechukwu Emmanuel ◽  
Nwachi Idume Ogbonna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

This cross-sectional, institutional-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among Babcock University students in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) undergraduate students, 80 females and 40 males, were asked to provide stool specimen in a sterile leak-proof single-use universal bottle with a screw-capped lid. Standard microbiological techniques were used to analyse the stool samples. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic and clinical information from participants. The data obtained were statistically analysed using the SPSS Statistics software (version 18.0). The study showed that there was no occurrence of shigellosis among the study participants (0%), but other enteric pathogens infection were present in all participants (100%). The three most common mono-infections found among the study participants included Staphylococcus aureus (40%), followed by Escherichia coli (16.7%), and Salmonella typhi and Bacillus spp. (3.3%, each). While the most common prevalence of dual-infections included Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (33.3%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi (3.3%). The proportion of participants who were asymptomatic (66.7%) was significantly higher than the symptomatic ones (33.3%). Identified risk factors of non-Shigella enteric infection included consumption of beef, vegetables, fruits, poultry/poultry products, as well as street foods, poor hand hygiene before eating, anal cleaning, and poor hand hygiene after toileting. Although shigellosis did not exist among undergraduate students of Babcock University, this study highlighted the existence of other enteric infections among the study participants. Therefore, the necessary preventive measures should be ensured and sustained.

scholarly journals Importance of Hand Hygiene during the Harvesting of Strawberries

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Shaw ◽  
Amanda Svoboda ◽  
Beatrice Jie ◽  
Aura Daraba ◽  
Gail Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Foodborne Outbreak ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Worker Training ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks

Foodborne outbreaks linked to poor hygiene indicate a need for education on the importance of hand hygiene during harvesting of fruit. This study simulated two potential scenarios (laboratory and field) that would lead to the transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from hands to strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa), harvesters, and field plants. The potential of direct transfer of E. coli O157:H7 from contaminated “pig skin” hands to strawberries was shown in Scenario 1. The potential of E. coli O157:H7 being transferred from contaminated hands to strawberries during harvesting was shown in all treatments up to the 100th strawberry tested with a transfer rate of 71% (1 berry) to 45% (100 berries) of E. coli. Scenario 2 mimicked the “bacteria” transfer from the worker’s contaminated hands to the workers’ clothing and to the field with the use of glowing lotion. It was shown that contaminated hands can transfer “bacteria” to the worker’s clothing, shoes, the picked strawberries, and the strawberry plants, weeds and straw mulch within the field (average spread of 50.25 ft from starting point). The transfer rate varied from worker to worker. Hand hygiene and proper worker training are essential for food-safe harvesting to avoid foodborne outbreak events.

scholarly journals Hand hygiene improvement or antibiotic restriction to control the household transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: a mathematical modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Kardas-Sloma ◽  
Yazdan Yazdanpanah ◽  
Anne Perozziello ◽  
Jean-Ralph Zahar ◽  
François-Xavier Lescure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Hand Hygiene Improvement ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The best strategy to control ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) spread in the community is lacking. Methods We developed an individual-based transmission model to evaluate the impact of hand hygiene (HH) improvement and reduction in antibiotic use on the within-household transmission of ESBL-EC. We used data from the literature and incorporated key elements of ESBL-EC transmission such as the frequency and nature of contacts among household members, antibiotic use in the community and hand hygiene behaviour. We introduced in a household a single ESBL-EC colonised person and simulated the transmission dynamics of ESBL-EC over a one-year time horizon. Results The probability of ESBL-EC transmission depended on the household composition and the profile of the initial carrier. In the two-person household, the probability of ESBL-EC transmission was 5.3% (95% CI 5.0-5.6) or 6.6% (6.3-6.9) when the index person was a woman or a man, respectively. In a four-person household, the probability of transmission varied from 61.4% (60.9-62.0) to 68.8% (68.3- 69.3) and was the highest when the index patient was the baby. Improving HH by 50% reduced the probability of transmission by 33-62%. Antibiotic restriction by 50% reduced the transmission by 2-6%.Conclusions The transmission of ESBL-EC is frequent in households and especially those with a baby. Antibiotic reduction had little impact on ESBL-EC. Improvement of hygiene in the community could help prevent transmission of ESBL-EC.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)–Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Threat from the Kitchen

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tschudin-Sutter ◽  
Reno Frei ◽  
Roger Stephan ◽  
Herbert Hächler ◽  
Danica Nogarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Cutting Boards

Food is an established source of extended-spectrum (β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Hand hygiene and cooking prevent transmission, but hands could be recontaminated by touching used cutting boards. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were identified on 12% of cutting boards and 50% of gloves after poultry preparation, pointing to an important source for transmission.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile and perception on hand hygiene in school-going Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
E. Kavitha ◽  
R. Srikumar ◽  
G. Muthu ◽  
T. Sathyapriya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Handwashing With Soap

Abstract BACKGROUND: Handwashing is the most important daily activity to keep microbial infections at a distance. Schoolchildren tend to acquire most of the infections by not following the protocol of frequent handwashing which leads to frequent illnesses and absenteeism from school on a regular basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by means of collecting hand swabs from 133 schoolchildren to estimate the extent of germs present. Furthermore, student's perception on hand hygiene was assessed by means of questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the schoolchildren, majority (68.4%) of them felt washing hands is important. Almost 56.4% of students washed their hands before eating lunch, but only 64.7% of them used soaps for cleaning their hands. Furthermore, hand swabs of 133 schoolchildren showed the growth of potential pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus faecalis. CONCLUSIONS: Hands of schoolchildren were found to be contaminated and measures to inculcate the habit of frequent handwashing with soap are essential.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF HAND HYGIENE IN REDUCING BACTERIAL FLORA IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS-A STUDY OF IMPACT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Pratibha Mane ◽  
Jyoti Sangwan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Two Samples

Introduction: Hand hygiene is simplest, most effective and least expensive tool to prevent health care worker associated infection. The compliance among HCW is low due to various reasons leading to increased morbidity and mortality in Healthcare associated infection (HAI). Proper hand hygiene significantly reduces bacterial flora and HAI. The study was planned with the aim to know the pattern of microbial flora and its drug resistance and effectiveness of hand hygiene in reducing bacterial load on hands of health care workers. Material and Methods: Both hand finger imprints of 50 participants were taken on Blood agar before and after hand hygiene. The plates were incubated 24-48 hours at 37°C.Colony count was done. Bacteria were identified by their colony characteristics and biochemical reactions. AST was performed as per CLSI 2019 guidelines. Results: 90-99% reduction in bacterial colony count after hand hygiene was seen in majority of participants Mixed growth was seen in ten samples. Micrococcus was most common organism isolated in twenty-four samples, followed by diptheroids in sixteen samples, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) in fourteen samples and Staphylococcus aureus in six samples .Three CoNS and four Staphylococcus aureus were Methicillin resistant. Gram negative bacilli isolated were Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species and Escherichia Coli each in two samples respectively One Escherichia Coli was ESBL producer. All the GNB were sensitive to carbapenem. After performing hand hygiene micrococcus was isolated from four sample, diptheroids from three and CONS from one sample. Staphylococcus aureus and GNB were not found after hand hygiene Conclusion: HCW hands are colonized with bacteria. Proper hand hygiene technique awareness and its compliance significantly reduce bacterial load and decrease HAI.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Improvement or Antibiotic Restriction to Control the Household Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli: A Mathematical Modelling Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Kardas-Sloma ◽  
Yazdan Yazdanpanah ◽  
Anne Perozziello ◽  
Jean-Ralph Zahar ◽  
François-Xavier Lescure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Hand Hygiene Improvement ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The best strategy to control ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) spread in the community is lacking. Methods We developed an individual-based transmission model to evaluate the impact of hand hygiene (HH) improvement and reduction in antibiotic use on the within-household transmission of ESBL-EC. We used data from the literature and incorporated key elements of ESBL-EC transmission such as the frequency and nature of contacts among household members, antibiotic use in the community and hand hygiene behaviour. We introduced in a household a single ESBL-EC colonised person and simulated the transmission dynamics of ESBL-EC over a one-year time horizon. Results The probability of ESBL-EC acquisition depended on the household composition and the profile of the initial carrier. In the two-person household, the probability of ESBL-EC acquisition by another household member was 5.3% (95% CI 5.0-5.6) and 6.6% (6.3-6.9) when the index person was a woman or a man, respectively. In a four-person household, the probability of acquisition varied from 61.4% (60.9-62.0) to 68.8% (68.3- 69.3) and was the highest when the index patient was the baby. Improving HH by 50% reduced the probability of transmission by 33-62%. Antibiotic restriction by 50% reduced the transmission by 2-6%. Conclusions The acquisition of ESBL-EC is frequent in households and especially those with a baby. Antibiotic reduction had little impact on ESBL-EC. Improvement of hygiene in the community could help prevent transmission of ESBL-EC.

scholarly journals Comparison of a waterless hand-hygiene preparation and soap-and-water hand washing to reduce coliforms on hands in animal exhibit settings

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. DAVIS ◽  
H. SHENG ◽  
J. NEWMAN ◽  
D. D. HANCOCK ◽  
C. J. HOVDE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Total Bacteria

Outbreaks of enteric disease associated with exposure to live animals on exhibit have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. Possibly the most important pathogen causing such outbreaks is Escherichia coli O157:H7, because of the serious illness it can cause. Hand hygiene is consistently protective against disease among persons exposed to animals implicated in these outbreaks. Livestock barns have limited hand-washing facilities, therefore a waterless hand-sanitizing gel would be a potentially preventive measure readily available to visitors and animal exhibitors. This study compared the reduction of bacterial counts on hands of animal exhibitors when soap and water was used or when an ethanol-based hand gel was used after animal handling. Participants were youth and adults involved with showing livestock. The sanitation methods were similar in reducing the total bacteria and coliform counts on the hands of the participants (Wilcoxon rank sum test P values 0·12 and 0·69 respectively).

Structural organization of escherichia coli ribosomes as determined by immuno electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stöffler ◽  
R.W. Bald ◽  
J. Dieckhoff ◽  
H. Eckhard ◽  
R. Lührmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy

A central step towards an understanding of the structure and function of the Escherichia coli ribosome, a large multicomponent assembly, is the elucidation of the spatial arrangement of its 54 proteins and its three rRNA molecules. The structural organization of ribosomal components has been investigated by a number of experimental approaches. Specific antibodies directed against each of the 54 ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli have been performed to examine antibody-subunit complexes by electron microscopy. The position of the bound antibody, specific for a particular protein, can be determined; it indicates the location of the corresponding protein on the ribosomal surface.The three-dimensional distribution of each of the 21 small subunit proteins on the ribosomal surface has been determined by immuno electron microscopy: the 21 proteins have been found exposed with altogether 43 antibody binding sites. Each one of 12 proteins showed antibody binding at remote positions on the subunit surface, indicating highly extended conformations of the proteins concerned within the 30S ribosomal subunit; the remaining proteins are, however, not necessarily globular in shape (Fig. 1).

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