Distribution of cabbage root flies in brassica crops

Extension of the grazing season beyond the normal perennial grazing season has been identified as a potential mechanism to reduce the cost of production on Canadian cow-calf operations. This review will provide an overview of the potential use of warm-season and Brassica crops including corn (Zea mays), Golden German foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), kale (Brassica oleracea L.), forage rape (B. napus ssp. biennis L.) and turnip (B. rapa L.). These crops have a high yield potential, but the cost for grazing these crops has not been adequately compared with the cost of grazing oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and fall rye (Secale cereale L.). There are very few actual animal grazing trials evaluating the economics of using these crops in grazing systems in Canada, and this requires further research.Key words: Corn, millet, sorgum, sudan grass, fodder crops, brassicas

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Multivariate ordination identifies vegetation types associated with spider conservation in brassica crops

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3795 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3795 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib ◽

Minsheng You ◽

Geoff M. Gurr

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Conservation Biological Control ◽

Small Scale ◽

Brassica Crops ◽

Multivariate Ordination ◽

Southern Chinese ◽

Brassica Crop

Conservation biological control emphasizes natural and other non-crop vegetation as a source of natural enemies to focal crops. There is an unmet need for better methods to identify the types of vegetation that are optimal to support specific natural enemies that may colonize the crops. Here we explore the commonality of the spider assemblage—considering abundance and diversity (H)—in brassica crops with that of adjacent non-crop and non-brassica crop vegetation. We employ spatial-based multivariate ordination approaches, hierarchical clustering and spatial eigenvector analysis. The small-scale mixed cropping and high disturbance frequency of southern Chinese vegetation farming offered a setting to test the role of alternate vegetation for spider conservation. Our findings indicate that spider families differ markedly in occurrence with respect to vegetation type. Grassy field margins, non-crop vegetation, taro and sweetpotato harbour spider morphospecies and functional groups that are also present in brassica crops. In contrast, pumpkin and litchi contain spiders not found in brassicas, and so may have little benefit for conservation biological control services for brassicas. Our findings also illustrate the utility of advanced statistical approaches for identifying spatial relationships between natural enemies and the land uses most likely to offer alternative habitats for conservation biological control efforts that generates testable hypotheses for future studies.

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Utilization of Arabidopsis and Brassica Genomic Resources to Underpin Genetic Analysis and Improvement of Brassica Crops

Model Plants and Crop Improvement ◽

10.1201/9781420004618.ch3 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 33-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Graham King

Keyword(s):

Genetic Analysis ◽

Genomic Resources ◽

Brassica Crops

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Onorchard habitats for Nysius huttoni an important kiwifruit passenger pest

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5769 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 326-326

Author(s):

C.A. Rowe ◽

M.G. Hill ◽

D.P. Logan

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Ground Vegetation ◽

Preliminary Survey ◽

Weed Species ◽

Quarantine Pest ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Brassica Crops ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Incidence

Nysius huttoni is a native species of wheat bug which is an occasional quarantine pest on export kiwifruit Wheat bug has a wide range of host plants including wheat and brassica crops as well as many weed species The kiwifruit harvest of 2013 had a high incidence of wheat bug finds on fruit in packhouses In response an orchard survey was undertaken to identify orchard habitats used by wheat bug Twentyfive orchards where wheat bug was found during packing in 2013 were surveyed from the Te Puke area from February to March At each orchard four habitats were searched (1) ground vegetation under the kiwifruit canopy (2) the loadout zone (3) edge of the loadout zone and (4) grassland surrounding the was found in and around the loadout zone associated with weed species notably Polygonum aviculare the dominant weed species in loadout zones No wheat bug was found under the kiwifruit canopy and the remaining 4 were found in grassland This preliminary survey suggests that the risk of wheat bug infestation can be reduced considerably by keeping loadout zones free of weeds during spring and summer

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Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in forage- and seed-brassica crops using a collaborative approach

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 112-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abie Horrocks ◽

Paul A. Horne ◽

Melanie M. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Management Practices ◽

Collaborative Approach ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Brassica Crops ◽

Starting Point ◽

Management Approaches

An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was compared with farmers’ conventional pest management practices on twelve spring- and autumn-sown seed and forage brassica crops. Demonstration trials were conducted in Canterbury from spring 2015 to autumn 2017 by splitting farmers’ paddocks in half and applying the two management approaches side by side. A farmer participatory approach was used, with management decisions based on monitoring pests and biological-control agents. Farmer and adviser training with a focus on monitoring and identification was carried out. Biological-control agents capable of contributing to pest control were identified in all brassica crops. There was a 35% reduction in the number of insecticides applied under IPM compared with conventional management, negligible crop yield differences, and the type of insecticides applied was different. IPM adoption at these farms was high by the end of the 3-year project with 11 of the 12 farmers implementing IPM across 90—100% of their brassica crops. This project was a starting point for an industry-wide change of practice to IPM, which has become more widespread since its completion.

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Effects of cis-Jasmone Treatment of Brassicas on Interactions With Myzus persicae Aphids and Their Parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.711896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jamin Ali ◽

Anca D. Covaci ◽

Joe M. Roberts ◽

Islam S. Sobhy ◽

William D. J. Kirk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Myzus Persicae ◽

Methyl Salicylate ◽

Plant Defence ◽

Diaeretiella Rapae ◽

Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽

Volatile Emission ◽

Brassica Crops ◽

Wide Range ◽

Promising Treatment

There is a need to develop new ways of protecting plants against aphid attack. Here, we investigated the effect of a plant defence activator, cis-jasmone (CJ), in a range of cultivars of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Plants were sprayed with cis-jasmone or blank formulation and then tested with peach potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). CJ treated plants had significantly lower aphid settlement than control plants in a settlement bioassay. Conversely, in a foraging bioassay, D. rapae parasitoids spent a significantly longer time foraging on CJ treated plants. Our results reveal that CJ treatment makes plants less attractive to and less suitable for M. persicae but more attractive to D. rapae in a range of brassica cultivars. It is likely that these effects are due to changes in volatile emission indicating activation of defence and presence of conspecific competitors to aphids but presence of prey to parasitoids. Increases in volatile emission were found in CJ induced plants but varied with genotype. Among the synthetic volatile compounds that were induced in the headspace of CJ treated brassica cultivars, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl salicylate and cis-jasmone were most repellent to aphids. These results build on earlier studies in Arabidopsis and show that tritrophic interactions are influenced by CJ in a wide range of brassica germplasm. The implication is that CJ is a promising treatment that could be used in brassica crops as part of an integrated pest management system.

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Conservation of Non-Pest Whiteflies and Natural Enemies of the Cabbage Whitefly Aleyrodes proletella on Perennial Plants for Use in Non-Crop Habitats

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12090774 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 774

Author(s):

Sebastian Laurenz ◽

Rainer Meyhöfer

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Conservation Biological Control ◽

Future Research ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Brassica Crops ◽

Aleyrodes Proletella ◽

Local Abundance ◽

Geum Urbanum

Aleyrodes proletella causes severe economic damage to several Brassica crops. Its naturally occurring enemies often immigrate late in the season or appear in low numbers on cabbage. This field study aims to permanently increase the local abundance of A. proletella’s natural enemies by providing the non-pest whitefly Aleyrodes lonicerae as an alternative and overwintering host/prey. Therefore, the population dynamics of natural enemies on different perennial herbaceous plants pre-infested with A. lonicerae were determined at two field locations over two winter periods. Most A. lonicerae colonized (on average 166.22 puparia per m²) and overwintered (342.19 adults per m²) on wood avens Geum urbanum. Furthermore, the abundance of A. proletella main parasitoid Encarsia tricolor (28.50 parasitized puparia per m²) and spiders (12.13 per m²) was 3–74 times and 3–14 times higher, respectively, on G. urbanum compared to the other experimental plants. Conclusively, G. urbanum pre-infested with A. lonicerae permanently promoted natural enemies of A. proletella by serving as shelter, reproduction, and overwintering habitat. A potential implementation of G. urbanum in conservation biological control strategies (e.g., tailored flower strips, hedgerows) against A. proletella are discussed and suggestions for future research are given.

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