COLD-CONDITIONING TREATMENT REDUCES CHILLING INJURY IN MEXICAN LIMES (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA S.) STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Antioxidant activity of fruits is gaining wide interest among consumers due to its importance in counteracting oxidative stress, free radicals and preventing DNA damage. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay is one of the commonly used assays to measure the antioxidant activity, which is based on hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. Furocoumarins present in grapefruit are reported to have antiproliferative activity, induce GST activity, inhibit biofilm formation and increase bioavailability of drugs. In the present project ORAC values were measured of Star Ruby grapefruit undergone ethylene degreening treatment, cold storage and temperature conditioning treatment, and modified atmosphere packaging which were stored at different temperatures for prolonged period. In addition, furocoumarins were quantified in Star Ruby grapefruits from cold storage and conditioning experiment conducted in Israel. Conditioning treatment is practiced prior cold storage to reduce chilling injury in grapefruits during cold storage for prolonged period. Levels of 6,7-dihyrdoxy bergamottin decreased during storage period in all three treatments.

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Storage of cut Heliconia bihai (L.) cv. Lobster Claw flowers at low temperatures

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/s1415-43662011000900013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 966-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andreza S. Costa ◽

Luis C. Nogueira ◽

Venézio F. dos Santos ◽

Terezinha R. Camara ◽

Vivian Loges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Storage Time ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Visual Quality ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

Temperature Storage

The postharvest conservation of cut Heliconia flowers is an important factor to the success of commercialization, especially with regard to exportation. In the present study, the maximal storage time of cut inflorescences of Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw at two different temperatures (12 and 19 °C) was evaluated and compared to laboratory conditions (25 °C, control treatment). Changes in visual quality, fresh weight and bract color (L*, a* and b*) were determined. The visual quality of the inflorescences and fresh weight decreased with time in all treatments. Symptoms of chilling injury were observed on the inflorescences stored at 12 °C for six and eight days. Bract color was not affected by temperature, storage time or the senescence process. The results indicate that a temperature of 12 °C is not recommended for a storage time longer than four days, whereas 19 °C can be used for a storage time of up to eight days for cut inflorescences of H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw.

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Imbibitional chilling injury in cultivars of soybeans differing in temperature sensitivity to pod formation and maturation periods

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b83-336 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 2996-2998 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Winson Orr ◽

A. I. De La Roche ◽

J. Singh ◽

H. Voldeng

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Seed Set ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Filter Papers ◽

Environmental Temperatures ◽

Irreversible Injury

The occurrence and extent of chilling injury during imbibition of seeds from five cultivars and four lines of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) were tested. Seeds were imbibed and incubated at 2 °C for up to 72 h on moist filter papers and their ability to germinate when returned to 25 °C was recorded. Early-maturing varieties with the ability to form pods and seeds at lower temperatures were most susceptible to irreversible injury during imbibitional chilling. Rate of water uptake during low-temperature imbibition was measured, and seeds which were most susceptible to imbibitional chilling also had the highest rate of water uptake. In controlled-environment studies, seeds from the same cultivars that were set at different temperatures showed corresponding differences in susceptibility to imbibitional chilling injury. These results suggest that environmental temperatures during seed set or pod formation can play a role in chilling tolerance during seed imbibition.

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Postharvest storage of three chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) varieties

Scientia Agropecuaria ◽

10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 239-247

Author(s):

Yeimy Ramírez-Rodas ◽

Lourdes Arévalo-Galarza ◽

Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez ◽

Adriana Delgado-Alvarado ◽

Lucero Ruiz-Posadas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Sechium Edule ◽

Important Variety ◽

Different Temperatures

The consumer demand for chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) fruits has increased in recent years, virens levis being the most important variety, although other chayote varieties are gaining importance such as nigrum xalapensis and n. spinosum. However, the postharvest behavior of these varieties is different, so it is important to evaluate the factors that limit the shelf life of each variety. Therefore, in this study, fruits of each variety from the Mexican National Germplasm Bank of Sechium edule were used. The following fruit quality variables were evaluated: weight loss, humidity (%), color, chlorophyll, titratable acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, and stomatal characteristics. In addition, the storage potential of each variety was evaluated for two weeks at different temperatures, 7°, 13° (85% RH) and 24 °C (60% RH), with the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The variables evaluated were viviparism, disease severity, weight loss, dehydration and chilling injury (CI). The fruits of n. xalapensis and n. spinosum have a higher content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, but similar contents of TSS, acidity and total sugars than v. levis fruits. The use of 1-MCP reduced viviparism in all varieties, and the severity of blisters was higher in v. levis. The fruits of the three varieties presented severe CI when stored at 7 °C but the most susceptible to dehydration and diseases severity is n. spinosum.

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Influence of Ripening Stage at Harvest on Chilling Injury Symptoms of Persimmon cv. Rojo Brillante Stored at Different Temperatures

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013205057941 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

A. Salvador ◽

L. Arnal ◽

A. Monterde ◽

J. M. Martínez-Jávega

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Considerable Effect ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Ripening Stage ◽

Drastic Decrease ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Internal Browning

Changes in the quality during storage of persimmon fruits cv. Rojo Brillante harvested at two different maturity stages were studied. Early and late harvested fruit were stored at 1°C or 15°C for different periods of time. Harvest time had a relevant influence on chilling injury (CI) sensitiveness, since CI symptoms were found in fruits stored at 1°C only when they were early harvested. The most important CI manifestation was a drastic decrease of firmness that occurred when fruit were transferred from cold storage to 20°C. Other observed CI symptoms were internal browning, darkness of the skin, flesh structural changes, and increase of ethylene and CO2 production. Harvest date had also a considerable effect on the storage at 15°C, in this way, late harvested fruits maintained good quality for more time than early harvested ones.

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INVOLVEMENT OF ABSCISIC ACID IN REDUCING CHILLING INJURY OF ZUCCHINI SQUASH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1096c ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1096c-1096

Author(s):

Chien Yi Wang

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Conditioning Treatment ◽

Subsequent Storage

The endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA) in zucchini squash were increased by temperature conditioning at 10°C for 2 days. This temperature conditioning treatment reduced the severity of chilling injury in the squash during subsequent storage at 2.5°C. The ABA levels remained higher in treated squash than in untreated samples throughout storage. Direct treatments of squash with ABA at 0.5 mM and 1 mM before storage at 2.5°C increased ABA levels in the tissue and were also effective in reducing chilling injury. The involvement of ABA in reducing chilling injury will be discussed.

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ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR39–MYB8 complex regulates low-temperature-induced lignification of loquat fruit

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 3172-3184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jing Zhang ◽

Xue-ren Yin ◽

Heng Li ◽

Meng Xu ◽

Meng-xue Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Lignin Biosynthesis ◽

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽

Luciferase Assay ◽

Mobility Shift ◽

Conditioning Treatment ◽

Chilling Response

Abstract Flesh lignification is a specific chilling response that causes deterioration in the quality of stored red-fleshed loquat fruit (Eribotrya japonica) and is one aspect of wider chilling injury. APETALA2/ETHLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are important regulators of plant low-temperature responses and lignin biosynthesis. In this study, the expression and action of 27 AP2/ERF genes from the red-fleshed loquat cultivar ‘Luoyangqing’ were investigated in order to identify transcription factors regulating low-temperature-induced lignification. EjERF27, EjERF30, EjERF36, and EjERF39 were significantly induced by storage at 0 °C but inhibited by a low-temperature conditioning treatment (pre-storage at 5 °C for 6 days before storage at 0 °C, which reduces low-temperature-induced lignification), and their transcript levels positively correlated with flesh lignification. A dual-luciferase assay indicated that EjERF39 could transactivate the promoter of the lignin biosynthetic gene Ej4CL1, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that EjERF39 recognizes the DRE element in the promoter region of Ej4CL1. Furthermore, the combination of EjERF39 and the previously characterized EjMYB8 synergistically transactivated the Ej4CL1 promoter, and both transcription factors showed expression patterns correlated with lignification in postharvest treatments and red-fleshed ‘Luoyangqing’ and white-fleshed ‘Ninghaibai’ cultivars with different lignification responses. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation imaging assays confirmed direct protein–protein interaction between EjERF39 and EjMYB8. These data indicate that EjERF39 is a novel cold-responsive transcriptional activator of Ej4CL1 that forms a synergistic activator complex with EjMYB8 and contributes to loquat fruit lignification at low temperatures.

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Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069065 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 414-415

Author(s):

J. L. Brimhall ◽

H. E. Kissinger ◽

B. Mastel

Keyword(s):

High Purity ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Early Growth ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Pure Nickel ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Total Fluence ◽

Neutron Exposure ◽

Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

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The structure of membranes and membrane proteins embedded in amorphous ice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122563 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 432-433

Author(s):

Uwe Lücken ◽

Joachim Jäger

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Transition Temperature ◽

Membrane Proteins ◽

Phase Transition Temperature ◽

Lipid Vesicles ◽

Freezing Stress ◽

Amorphous Ice ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Band Pass ◽

Lipid Polymorphism

TEM imaging of frozen-hydrated lipid vesicles has been done by several groups Thermotrophic and lyotrophic polymorphism has been reported. By using image processing, computer simulation and tilt experiments, we tried to learn about the influence of freezing-stress and defocus artifacts on the lipid polymorphism and fine structure of the bilayer profile. We show integrated membrane proteins do modulate the bilayer structure and the morphology of the vesicles.Phase transitions of DMPC vesicles were visualized after freezing under equilibrium conditions at different temperatures in a controlled-environment vitrification system. Below the main phase transition temperature of 24°C (Fig. 1), vesicles show a facetted appearance due to the quasicrystalline areas. A gradual increase in temperature leads to melting processes with different morphology in the bilayer profile. Far above the phase transition temperature the bilayer profile is still present. In the band-pass-filtered images (Fig. 2) no significant change in the width of the bilayer profile is visible.

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Microstructure of sputter deposited Ni-Sb ohmic contacts on GaAs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100154226 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

S. Yegnasubramanian ◽

V.C. Kannan ◽

R. Dutto ◽

P.J. Sakach

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Ohmic Contacts ◽

Surface Defects ◽

Pure Metal ◽

Device Fabrication ◽

Native Oxide ◽

Metal Thin Films ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Sputter Deposited

Recent developments in the fabrication of high performance GaAs devices impose crucial requirements of low resistance ohmic contacts with excellent contact properties such as, thermal stability, contact resistivity, contact depth, Schottky barrier height etc. The nature of the interface plays an important role in the stability of the contacts due to problems associated with interdiffusion and compound formation at the interface during device fabrication. Contacts of pure metal thin films on GaAs are not desirable due to the presence of the native oxide and surface defects at the interface. Nickel has been used as a contact metal on GaAs and has been found to be reactive at low temperatures. Formation Of Ni2 GaAs at 200 - 350C is reported and is found to grow epitaxially on (001) and on (111) GaAs, but is shown to be unstable at 450C. This paper reports the investigations carried out to understand the microstructure, nature of the interface and composition of sputter deposited and annealed (at different temperatures) Ni-Sb ohmic contacts on GaAs by TEM. Attempts were made to correlate the electrical properties of the films such as the sheet resistance and contact resistance, with the microstructure. The observations are corroborated by Scanning Auger Microprobe (SAM) investigations.

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