The association between chronic mechanical irritation and oral cancer needs more original research

Oral Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo David Piemonte ◽  
Jerónimo Pablo Lazos ◽  
Gerardo Marcelo Gilligan ◽  
René Luis Panico
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

scholarly journals Recombinant Human Adenovirus-p53 Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Jagadish Hosmani ◽  
Shazia Mushtaq ◽  
Shahabe Saquib Abullais ◽  
Hussain Mohammed Almubarak ◽  
Khalil Assiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The World

Background and Objectives: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This systematic review focusses on randomized clinical trials for recombinant adenovirus p-53 (rAD-p53) therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched for research articles on various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infra-structure), Springerlink, cochrane and Web of sciences from 2003 to 2020. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used for the search. Inclusion criteria included original research, randomized clinical trials and articles only in English language. Exclusion criteria were any articles that were not research articles, not randomized trials, non-human studies, etc. The articles were further graded on the Jadad scale. Results: 578 articles were assessed from various databases; only 3 articles were found to be appropriate for this review. Thus, meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity and lack of data. In the three studies, whether rAD-p53 was used as a standalone therapy or with other therapies, there was a beneficial effect of the therapy. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events and the only adverse events reported were fever, pain at the local injection site, flu-like symptoms and lowered WBC count. Conclusions: Thus, we can conclude that this therapy has a potential for beneficial therapeutic effects and further clinical trials with more patients need to be performed to get better understanding of the effect of rAD-p53 therapy, which probably will pave the way to its approval in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Oral cancer associated with chronic mechanical irritation of the oral mucosa

2018 ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Piemonte ◽  
J Lazos ◽  
P Belardinelli ◽  
D Secchi ◽  
M Brunotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

scholarly journals Evaluating the levels of D-dimer as a primary marker in oral cancers using immunoturbidimetric assay: The original research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Vikey ◽  
Rajkumar Parwani ◽  
Madhusudan Asteker ◽  
Deepali Gupta ◽  
Simran Parwani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Tissue Factors ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
And Control ◽  
D Dimer

Objectives: Oral cancer is major health threat; with 90% mortality and ranks sixth among worldwide cancers. So to overcome this mortality; newer bio-markers are explored and one of such biomarker is D-dimer, which is end product of fibrinogen formed by plasmin. The raised levels of D-dimer play significant role in proliferation and progress of cancer cells. In cancers D-dimer is formed by dual action, where UPA (Urokinase type Plasminogen Activator) and Tissue factor play important role simultaneously. To understand correlation between D- dimer and oral cancers, by immunoturbidimetry; quantitative assay. Material and Methods: After obtaining consents of patients and Institutional ethical clearance, we randomly selected; age and sex matched; 216 samples. Further these samples were subdivides as oral cancer group and control group, consisting 108 samples in each group respectively. Results: Statistical analysis was done; using SPSS version 20, unpaired -T test, and one way ANOVA were applied. Plasma D-dimer levels were; 497.32±872.28μl/ml and 165.30±150.43 28μl/ml, among cancer and control groups respectively, (P≤ 0.0001), which was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: D-dimer is altered during carcinogenesis by activation of UPA and Tissue factors, and this distinguishes form routine levels of D-dimer. This suggests that, cancer cell biology is greatly affected by D-dimer levels during growth and spread of cancers. So raised levels of D-dimer can be considered during interventions of cancers, and incorporated as a biomarker. However for its scientific applications; there is need of further study, with collaborative approach and larger samples, to restrict cancer related mortalities.

scholarly journals Chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana A. Gupta ◽  
Supriya Kheur ◽  
Saranya Varadarajan ◽  
Sameena Parveen ◽  
Harisha Dewan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Chronic Trauma ◽  
Chronic Irritation ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

The objective of the present article was to qualitatively and quantitatively review the association between chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keyword combinations ‘chronic trauma and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma; chronic irritation and oral cancer; chronic trauma and oral cancer.’ Duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded after the title and abstract screening. The full texts of the remaining articles were assessed using selection criteria. A total of 375 (PubMed-126; SCOPUS-152; WOS-97) articles were screened, and 343 duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded. Only 9 of the remaining 32 articles met the selection criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Buccal mucosa and tongue, being highly prone to chronic irritation through the dental prosthesis, were the common sites for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Edentulous subjects with ill-fitting dentures were at a high risk of developing chronic irritation associated-oral squamous cell carcinoma. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute of risk assessment, eight of the nine included studies had a low risk of bias. The quantitative analysis showed a significant association (p<0.00001) between the chronic oral mucosal irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma with an overall risk ratio of 2.56 at a confidence interval of 1.96 to 3.35. Chronic oral mucosa irritation has a significant association with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the nature of association could be that of a potential co-factor (dependent risk factor) rather than an independent risk factor.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chronic Mechanical Irritation in Oral Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerónimo P. Lazos ◽  
Eduardo D. Piemonte ◽  
Hector Eduardo Lanfranchi ◽  
Mabel N. Brunotto
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Functional Localization ◽  
Functional Factors ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

Objective. Oral mucosa could host many lesions originated by chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) from teeth or dentures, and it has been proposed as risk factor for oral cancer. Nevertheless, the features of CMI factors in oral cancer and other lesions are not assessed. The aim of this study is to describe CMI features regarding type (dental, prosthetic, and/or functional), localization, and time span.Materials and Methods. Three groups were studied in this cross-sectional study: Oral Cancer (OC); Chronic Traumatic Ulcer (CTU); and Benign Irritative Mechanical Lesions (BIML). All sources of mechanical irritation were included: dental, prosthetic, and functional.Results. 285 patients (176 females, 109 males) were studied: OC = 38, CTU = 44, and BIML = 203. The most frequent CMI factor was dental, followed by functional and prosthetic in all groups; 76.5% (n=218) presented functional factors. Buccal mucosa (45%) and tongue (42%) were the most affected sites. Time of action of CMI displayed statistically significant differences between BIML, CTU, and OC groups, with a mean of 21, 33, and 49 months, respectively.Conclusions. CMI should be properly recorded with as much detail as alcohol and tobacco consumption. CMI associated lesions are produced by dental or prosthetic factors, usually in relation to functional factors, involving mainly tongue and buccal mucosa.

scholarly journals Evidence for chronic mechanical irritation as a causative factor in oral cancer: application of Bradford Hill criteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 2057178X1879103
Author(s):  
Eduardo David Piemonte ◽  
Jerónimo Lazos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Bradford Hill ◽  
Bradford Hill Criteria ◽  
Hill Criteria ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

Chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) of the oral mucosa has been proposed as a risk factor for oral cancer (OC), but the available evidence is limited and controversial. One of the main limitations is the lack of proper criteria to define and classify CMI. The objective of this narrative review is to apply the Bradford Hill causality criteria to assess such an association based on the published literature. The level of evidence is not conclusive, mainly due to methodological shortcomings. Hence, to systematize future CMI research, we recommend the following items should be included: a clear definition for CMI, ascertaining any temporal association, recording all types of CMI: dental, prosthetic, and functional. Finally, it is important to emphasize that studies dealing with risk factors for OC should not only be restricted to established factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and areca nut consumption but should also consider other factors including the patient’s dental condition. In this regard, CMI, tooth loss, periodontal disease, and many others could be included. The causality criteria set out by Bradford Hill could be used for studying different controversial risk factors for OC.

scholarly journals Estimation of plasma lipids and its significance on histopathological grades in oral cancer: Prognostic significance an original research

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
EugeniaJ Sherubin ◽  
KarthigaS Kannan ◽  
DhinekshN Kumar ◽  
Isaac Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Original Research

Role of PD-L1 in Oral Cancer: From the Perspective of Immuno-oncology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moomal Aslam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Tumor Escape

Oral cancers are prevalent in our region and their management requires an upgrade in terms of advanced techniques. Immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach across the world that has shown significance in the sphere of oncology. Tumor cells escape detection from the immune surveillance mechanism resulting in proliferation. Through cancer immunotherapy, body’s own immune defense mechanism is stimulated with the aid of immunomodulating drugs. Scientists are underway studying the tumor microenvironment where immune editing takes place resulting in tumor escape and evasion. Many immune checkpoint proteins are being studied for clinical implications, however, the immune checkpoint blockade of Programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) has proven to be successful and FDA approved in certain tumors. Role of increased expression of PD-L1 in oral cancer has been explored with variable results. Most researches have related it with tumor progression and prognosis. This review focuses on the importance of PD-L1 as an emerging immune checkpoint inhibitor, emphasizing its expression in cancers, particularly in oral cancer. The information was retrieved from reliable search engines e.g. PubMed, Medline, Google scholar and others, through original research papers and reviews published hitherto, from 2010-2019. It is essential to explore advanced treatment modalities for oral cancer especially via immunotherapy. Furthermore, additional studies on PD-L1 expression in OSCC are required including standardized protocols to reach definitive conclusions for clinical implications.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis of genetic damage in young individuals exposed to Chronic Mechanical Irritation in the lateral border of the tongue due to sharp teeth – A novel study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuckanickenpalayam Ragunathan Yoithapprabhunath ◽  
Nalliappan Ganapathy ◽  
Seeni Renugadevi ◽  
Jalaludheen MisbhaRafath ◽  
Vishnuvarthan Aparna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Mechanical Irritation

Background. Chronic inflammation is estimated to contribute to approximately 25% of human cancers. Inflammation can be induced by chronic mechanical irritation which can lead to oral pre-cancer and oral cancer. Though many studies have been conducted to identify the genetic damage in oral cancer or dysplastic stages, no study has been completed so far on early detection of genetic damage in healthy individuals presenting with sharp teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue. Objective. The study is aimed at analyzing  the genetic damage (micronuclei) in healthy individuals with sharp teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue causing chronic mechanical irritation. Methods. The study group comprised of 75 clinically healthy individuals with sharp teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue and 25 clinically healthy individuals with normal teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue as a control group. Brush samples of epithelial cells were collected, then spread over clean glass slide and fixed in 100% alcohol, stained with rapid PAP and analyzed under the light microscope. The exfoliated cells were examined to detect micronuclei. Results. Micronuclei frequency was found to be increased in the study group where sharp teeth were in contact with the lateral border of the tongue of healthy individuals without deleterious habits such as usage of tobacco in smoking/smokeless form, areca nut chewing or alcohol consumption. Conclusions. Cytogenetic analysis is a simple and scantly invasive technique allowing clinicians the early detection of DNA damage in patients with sharp teeth and subsequently preventing carcinogenesis by proper treatment and follow-up.

Scientific progress is like doing a puzzle, not building a wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa M. Tullett ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Replication Research

AbstractWe contest the “building a wall” analogy of scientific progress. We argue that this analogy unfairly privileges original research (which is perceived as laying bricks and, therefore, constructive) over replication research (which is perceived as testing and removing bricks and, therefore, destructive). We propose an alternative analogy for scientific progress: solving a jigsaw puzzle.

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