scholarly journals Transport Behavior in Polymer-Inorganic Membrane: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Nik Mustofar ◽  
Juhana Jaafar ◽  
M. Aziz ◽  
A. F. Ismail ◽  
Mukhlis A. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Significant Achievement ◽  
Inorganic Composite

The polymer–inorganic composite membrane has emerged as an alternative to improve the separation properties of polymer membranes because they possess properties of both organic and inorganic membranes such as good hydrophilicity, selectivity, permeability, mechanical strength, and thermal and chemical stability. A unique combination of organic and inorganic properties is believed could overcome the limitations of the pure polymeric membranes. Transport behavior of gases, vapours and liquids through polymer membranes are important in ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, pervaporation, gas separation and fuel cell applications. A better understanding of transport mechanisms in polymer-inorganic composite membranes is highly important in order to achieve significant achievement in the respective applications. This article provides a detailed review of current research in the field of transport phenomena on the transport behaviour of proton and methanol through the polymeric-inorganic by means of proton conductivity and methanol permeability.

scholarly journals A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Zhou ◽  
Feng ◽  
Rui ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
High Water ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Research Findings

Sustainable and affordable supply of clean, safe, and adequate water is one of the most challenging issues facing the world. Membrane separation technology is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied technologies for water purification. Polymeric membranes such as cellulose-based (CA) membranes and thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have dominated the industry since 1980. Although further development of polymeric membranes for better performance is laborious, the research findings and sustained progress in inorganic membrane development have grown fast and solve some remaining problems. In addition to conventional ceramic metal oxide membranes, membranes prepared by graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and mixed matrix materials (MMMs) have attracted enormous attention due to their desirable properties such as tunable pore structure, excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal tolerance, good salt rejection and/or high water permeability. This review provides insight into synthesis approaches and structural properties of recent reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes which are used to retain dissolved species such as heavy metals, electrolytes, and inorganic salts in various aqueous solutions. A specific focus has been placed on introducing and comparing water purification performance of different classes of polymeric and ceramic membranes in related water treatment industries. Furthermore, the development challenges and research opportunities of organic and inorganic membranes are discussed and the further perspectives are analyzed.

Organic-Inorganic Nano Composite Membranes of Sulfonated Poly(ether Sulfone-Ketone) Copolymer and SiO2 for Fuel Cell Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Hye Suk Park ◽  
Dong Wan Seo ◽  
Whan Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Inorganic Composite ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

Novel bisphenol-based wholly aromatic sulfonated poly(ether sulfone-ketone) copolymer and organic-inorganic composite membranes were prepared for operation 80°C in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs). The copolymer were synthesized by direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of 4,4-difluorobenzophenone, 2,2’-disodiumsulfonyl- 4,4’-fluorophenylsulfone (40mole% of bisphenol A) and bisphenol A. Polymerization proceeded quantitatively to high molecular weight in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 180°C. Organic-inorganic composite membranes were obtained by mixing organic polymers with hydrophilic SiO2 obtained by sol-gel process. The polymer and a series of composite membranes were studied by FT-IR, 1HNMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal stability. The proton conductivity as a function of temperature decreased as SiO2 content increased, but methanol permeability decreased. The nano composite membranes were found to poses all requisite properties; Ion exchange capacity (1.2meq./g), glass transition temperatures (164-183), and low affinity towards methanol (4.63-1.08x10-7 cm2/S).

scholarly journals Reactional Processes on Osmium–Polymeric Membranes for 5–Nitrobenzimidazole Reduction

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Aurelia Cristina Nechifor ◽  
Alexandru Goran ◽  
Vlad-Alexandru Grosu ◽  
Andreia Pîrțac ◽  
Paul Constantin Albu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol

Membranes are associated with the efficient processes of separation, concentration and purification, but a very important aspect of them is the realization of a reaction process simultaneously with the separation process. From a practical point of view, chemical reactions have been introduced in most membrane systems: with on-liquid membranes, with inorganic membranes or with polymeric and/or composite membranes. This paper presents the obtaining of polymeric membranes containing metallic osmium obtained in situ. Cellulose acetate (CA), polysulfone (PSf) and polypropylene hollow fiber membranes (PPM) were used as support polymer membranes. The metallic osmium is obtained directly onto the considered membranes using a solution of osmium tetroxide (OsO4), dissolved in tert–butyl alcohol (t–Bu–OH) by reduction with molecular hydrogen. The composite osmium–polymer (Os–P)-obtained membranes were characterized in terms of the morphological and structural points of view: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution SEM (HR–SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDAX), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The process performance was tested for reduction of 5–nitrobenzimidazole to 5–aminobenzimidazole with molecular hydrogen. The paper presents the main aspects of the possible mechanism of transformation of 5–nitrobenzimidazole to 5–aminobenzimidazole with hydrogen gas in the reaction system with osmium–polymer membrane (Os–P).

scholarly journals Characterisation of Inorganic Composite Ceramic Membrane for Lactic Acid Esterification Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1102 ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edidiong Okon ◽  
Habiba Shehu ◽  
Edward Gobina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Composite

The use of inorganic composite membranes in chemical industries has received a lot of attention more recently due to a number of exceptional advantages including thermal stability and robustness. Inorganic membranes can selectively remove water from the reaction mixture during esterification reactions in order to enhance product formation. The characterisation of inorganic composite membranes used in this work including the determination of the pore diameter and specific surface area was performed using Liquid Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The membrane was modified once. The permeation test for the single gases including carbon dioxide (CO2), helium (He), nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) through the inorganic composite ceramic membrane was carried out at the gauge pressure range of 0.10 – 1.00 bar and at the temperature of 393 K. The order of the gas molecular weight was He < N2 < CO2 < Ar. The BET surface area of the dip-coated silica membrane showed a type IV isotherm characteristic of mesoporous structure with hysteresis. The BJH curve of the silica-membrane was in accordance with mesoporous classification.

scholarly journals Ceramic-Polymer Composite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Bridging the Big Gap between Ceramics and Polymers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3331
Author(s):  
Masashi Kotobuki ◽  
Qilin Gu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
John Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Clean water supply is an essential element for the entire sustainable human society, and the economic and technology development. Membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatments is the premier choice due to its high energy efficiency and effectiveness, where the separation is performed by passing water molecules through purposely tuned pores of membranes selectively without phase change and additional chemicals. Ceramics and polymers are two main candidate materials for membranes, where the majority has been made of polymeric materials, due to the low cost, easy processing, and tunability in pore configurations. In contrast, ceramic membranes have much better performance, extra-long service life, mechanical robustness, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, and they have also been applied in gas, petrochemical, food-beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, where most of polymeric membranes cannot perform properly. However, one of the main drawbacks of ceramic membranes is the high manufacturing cost, which is about three to five times higher than that of common polymeric types. To fill the large gap between the competing ceramic and polymeric membranes, one apparent solution is to develop a ceramic-polymer composite type. Indeed, the properly engineered ceramic-polymer composite membranes are able to integrate the advantages of both ceramic and polymeric materials together, providing improvement in membrane performance for efficient separation, raised life span and additional functionalities. In this overview, we first thoroughly examine three types of ceramic-polymer composite membranes, (i) ceramics in polymer membranes (nanocomposite membranes), (ii) thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes, and (iii) ceramic-supported polymer membranes. In the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the compatibility between ceramics and polymers, while the synergy between them has been among the main pursuits, especially in the development of the high performing nanocomposite membranes for water and wastewater treatment at lowered manufacturing cost. By looking into strategies to improve the compatibility among ceramic and polymeric components, we will conclude with briefing on the perspectives and challenges for the future development of the composite membranes.

scholarly journals Integration of Stable Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids into Polymer Membranes. Part I: Membrane Synthesis and Characterization

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
Fernando Pardo ◽  
Gabriel Zarca ◽  
João M. M. Araújo ◽  
Ane Urtiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Small Addition ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Optical Profilometry ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, polymeric membranes functionalized with ionic liquids (ILs) and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP) were developed and characterized. These membranes based on graphene ionanofluids (IoNFs) are promising materials for gas separation. The stability of the selected IoNFs in the polymer membranes was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of membranes was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and interferometric optical profilometry (WLOP). SEM results evidence that upon the small addition of xGnP into the IL-dominated environment, the interaction between IL and xGnP facilitates the migration of xGnP to the surface, while suppressing the interaction between IL and Pebax®1657. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also used to determine the polymer–IoNF interactions and the distribution of the IL in the polymer matrix. Finally, the thermodynamic properties and phase transitions (polymer–IoNF) of these functionalized membranes were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This analysis showed a gradual decrease in the melting point of the polyamide (PA6) blocks with a decrease in the corresponding melting enthalpy and a complete disappearance of the crystallinity of the polyether (PEO) phase with increasing IL content. This evidences the high compatibility and good mixing of the polymer and the IoNF.

scholarly journals Doxycycline-Doped Polymeric Membranes Induced Growth, Differentiation and Expression of Antigenic Phenotype Markers of Osteoblasts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Manuel Toledano-Osorio ◽  
Francisco J. Manzano-Moreno ◽  
Manuel Toledano ◽  
Antonio L. Medina-Castillo ◽  
Victor J. Costela-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Antigenic Phenotype ◽  
Biomimetic Membrane ◽  
Phenotype Markers

Polymeric membranes are employed in guided bone regeneration (GBR) as physical barriers to facilitate bone in-growth. A bioactive and biomimetic membrane with the ability to participate in the healing and regeneration of the bone is necessary. The aim of the present study was to analyze how novel silicon dioxide composite membranes functionalized with zinc or doxycycline can modulate the osteoblasts’ proliferation, differentiation, and expression of selected antigenic markers related to immunomodulation. Nanostructured acrylate-based membranes were developed, blended with silica, and functionalized with zinc or doxycycline. They were subjected to MG63 osteoblast-like cells culturing. Proliferation was assessed by MTT-assay, differentiation by evaluating the alkaline phosphatase activity by a spectrophotometric method and antigenic phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry for selected markers. Mean comparisons were conducted by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). The blending of silica nanoparticles in the tested non-resorbable polymeric scaffold improved the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, but doxycycline doped scaffolds attained the best results. Osteoblasts cultured on doxycycline functionalized membranes presented higher expression of CD54, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR, indicating a beneficial immunomodulation activity. Doxycycline doped membranes may be a potential candidate for use in GBR procedures in several challenging pathologies, including periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Gas Permeation Characteristics across Nano-Porous Inorganic Membranes

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R Othman, H. Mukhtar ◽  
A.L. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Operational Parameters

An overview of parameters affecting gas permeation in inorganic membranes is presented. These factors include membrane physical characteristics, operational parameters and gas molecular characteristics. The membrane physical characteristics include membrane materials and surface area, porosity, pore size and pore size distribution and membrane morphology. The operational parameters include feed flow rate and concentration, stage cut, temperature and pressure. The gas molecular characteristics include gas molecular weight, diameter, critical temperature, critical pressure, Lennard-Jones parameters and diffusion volumes. The current techniques of material characterization may require complementary method in describing microscopic heterogeneity of the porous ceramic media. The method to be incorporated in the future will be to apply a stochastic model and/or fractal dimension. Keywords: Inorganic membrane, surface adsorption, Knudsen diffusion, Micro-porous membrane, permeation, gas separation.

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