Alkali Pretreatment and Acid Hydrolysis of Coconut Pulp and Empty Fruit Bunch to Produce Glucose

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorhalieza Ali ◽  
Che Afifi Che Aziz ◽  
Onn Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Value Added Products

Lignocellulose waste has great potential to be converted into value added products sustainably as it is readily available at low cost. The aim of this study is to examine the amount of glucose produced from coconut pulp and coconut empty fruit bunch using acid hydrolysis. Sodium hydroxide pretreatment is carried out at 70oC using different concentrations of sodium hydroxide which are 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% v/v for a duration time of 2 hours. Optimum pretreatment is evaluated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. It is observed that optimum pretreatment is at 20% v/v sodium hydroxide. The optimum samples are then hydrolysed using concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% v/v of sulphuric acid at different temperatures of 30, 50, 70 and 90oC for 2 hours. Glucose concentration is analysed using an ultraviolet (UV) Spectrophotometer. The highest glucose concentrations obtained are 0.895 g/L and 0.550g/L for coconut pulp and coconut empty fruit bunch, respectively at 20% v/v acid concentration and a temperature of 90oC. 

scholarly journals Kinetic Study of Acid Hydrolysis of Rice Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibedita Sarkar ◽  
Kaustav Aikat
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Xylose Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Value Added Products

Rice straw is a renewable, cheap, and abundant waste in tropical countries. The pentose content of rice straw can be used as a substrate for many types of value-added products such as xylitol and biofuel. Dilute acid hydrolysis mainly releases pentose from rice straw. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of H2SO4 concentration and reaction time on the xylose production. The variation of the main product xylose with the reaction time was described by a kinetic model and kinetic parameters were calculated to describe the variation of the xylose production with time. The optimum yield (19.35 g/L) was obtained at 0.24 mol/L H2SO4 and 30 minutes.

Optimization studies on acid hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for production of xylose

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H.A. Rahman ◽  
J.P. Choudhury ◽  
A.L. Ahmad ◽  
A.H. Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals One-Pot Ionic Liquid-Mediated Bioprocess for Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rice Straw with Ionic Liquid-Tolerance Bacterial Cellulase

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Malinee Sriariyanun ◽  
Nichaphat Kitiborwornkul ◽  
Prapakorn Tantayotai ◽  
Kittipong Rattanaporn ◽  
Pau-Loke Show
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
One Pot ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Bacterial Cellulase ◽  
Value Added Products

Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment of lignocellulose is an efficient method for the enhancement of enzymatic saccharification. However, the remaining residues of ILs deactivate cellulase, therefore making intensive biomass washing after pretreatment necessary. This study aimed to develop the one-pot process combining IL pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification by using low-toxic choline acetate ([Ch][OAc]) and IL-tolerant bacterial cellulases. Crude cellulases produced from saline soil inhabited Bacillus sp. CBD2 and Brevibacillus sp. CBD3 were tested under the influence of 0.5–2.0 M [Ch][OAc], which showed that their activities retained at more than 95%. However, [Ch][OAc] had toxicity to CBD2 and CBD3 cultures, in which only 32.85% and 12.88% were alive at 0.5 M [Ch][OAc]. Based on the specific enzyme activities, the sugar amounts produced from one-pot processes using 1 mg of CBD2 and CBD3 were higher than that of Celluclast 1.5 L by 2.0 and 4.5 times, respectively, suggesting their potential for further application in the biorefining process of value-added products.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assisted Pretreatments Applied to Cupuaçu Husk (Theobroma grandiflorum) from Brazilian Legal Amazon for Biorefinery Concept

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Marasca ◽  
Isabella Cardoso ◽  
Magale Rambo ◽  
Daniel Bertuol ◽  
Michele Rambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aqueous Acid ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Pretreated Biomass ◽  
Value Added Products

Cupuaçu husk (CH) is the waste of a common fruit from a native species of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. The current study investigated the influence of ultrasound (US) combined with aqueous, acid, alkaline, and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments on the chemical and physical aspects of CH and the yield of chemical platforms production, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (FF), using IL. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to feature the raw and pretreated biomass. The highest levels of glucose (9.90 g L-1) were observed in the liquid fraction resulting from the acid + US pretreatment followed by acid hydrolysis. The IL + US pretreatment recorded the best performance in removing lignin. Based on XRD analyses, ultrasound increased crystallinity of all pretreated samples as a result of the removal of cellulose’s amorphous fraction. However, it promoted accessibility to adopted reagents by increasing biomass exposure due to cavitation. The best yields of HMF and FF were recorded from hydrolysis of the solid fraction resulting from the acid + US (12.94%) and alkaline + US (48.84%) pretreatment, respectively. These results indicate satisfactory performance of ultrasound assisted pretreatments to the simplified and economic conversion of biomass into value-added products.

scholarly journals Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter tropicalis Isolated from Decaying Apple Waste

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-458
Author(s):  
Lakhvinder Kaur ◽  
Shachi Shah
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Value Added Products

Fruits and vegetables have the highest wastage rates of 45% of any food. One of the recent research areas is food waste valorization as a potential alternative to the disposal of a wide range of organic waste using microorganisms as one of the strategies known as microbial valorization. Bacterial cellulose is best known microbial valorization product because of its low cost, environmentally friendly nature, renewability, nanoscale dimensions, biocompatibility and extremely high hydrophilicity. Therefore, present study focuses on the isolation, characterization and identification of cellulose producing bacteria from decaying apple waste. Cellulose producers were isolated from decaying apple waste. The bacterial isolates obtained were identified through the morphological biochemical, physiological and molecular identification. The bacterial isolates exhibited potential remediation options to biovalorize decaying fruit waste by producing value added products as well as in safe disposal of waste.

scholarly journals Calcium Hydroxyapatite-Based Marine Origin: Novel Sunscreen Materials for Cosmeceutical Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2770-2776
Author(s):  
Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini ◽  
Habibah Hamzah ◽  
Chia Poh Wai ◽  
Mohd Hasmizam Razali ◽  
Uwaisulqarni M. Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Light Absorber ◽  
Mn Doped ◽  
Value Added Products

Fringescalesardinella or TambanSisik bones have been discovered can be utilized as sunscreen agent in cosmeceuticals. Its flesh is the main ingredient in keropoklekor or fish crackers in Malaysia and the bones contained very high hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) compound which exhibit as UV light absorber. The percentage yields obtained from the hydrothermal extraction consist of 41.2 ± 0.66 % (w/w) of HApwhich was almost half of the dry weight of 100 g samples.The additional of manganeseand ferum,initiated the novel sunscreen materials from hydroxyapatite-Fe and hydroxyapatite-Mn doped (modified bones). The unmodified HAp recorded with SPF 20 and modified HAp-Mn measured with SPF 40. Modified HAp-Fe emulsions were recorded with SPF 50 as the highest SPF value. Therefore, the bones have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR)spectroscopy and x-Ray diffraction (XRD).The results obtained clearly indicated that the HAp existence in waste of Fringescalesardinella bones with addition of FeCl2which exhibits high potential as sunscreen compared to manganese and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from the fish bones not only produce value-added products from low-cost resources, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preserved the global sustainability.

scholarly journals Removal of fermentation inhibitors from pre-hydrolysis liquor using polystyrene divinylbenzene resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoxing Huang ◽  
Yayue Zheng ◽  
Wenqian Lin ◽  
Yuxuan Shi ◽  
Guohong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Soluble Lignin ◽  
Xylose Concentration ◽  
Resin Treatment ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Background The presence of soluble lignin, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in industrial pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) from the pulping process can inhibit its bioconversion into bioethanol and other biochemicals. Although various technologies have been developed to remove these inhibitors, certain amounts of sugars are also inevitably removed during the treatment process. Hence, polystyrene divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin was used as an adsorptive material to simultaneously remove fermentation inhibitors while retaining sugars with high yields to improve the fermentability of PHL after acid hydrolysis by enriching its xylose concentration. The fermentability of acid-hydrolyzed PHL (A-PHL) was evaluated by the bioconversion into ethanol and xylosic acid (XA) after treatment with PS-DVB resin. Results The results showed that the highest xylose concentration (101.1 g/L) in PHL could be obtained by acid hydrolysis at 100 °C for 80 min with 4% acid, while the concentration of fermentation inhibitors (furfural, HMF and lignin) in PHL could also be significantly improved during the acid-hydrolysis process. After treatment with PS-DVB resin, not only were 97% of lignin, 92% of furfural, and 97% of HMF removed from A-PHL, but also 96% of xylose was retained for subsequent fermentation. With resin treatment, the fermentability of A-PHL could be improved by 162–282% for ethanol production from A-PHL containing 30–50 g/L xylose and by 18–828% for XA production from A-PHL containing 90–150 g/L xylose. Conclusions These results confirmed that PS-DVB resin can remove inhibitors from PHL before producing value-added products by bioconversion. In addition, this work will ideally provide a concept for producing value-added chemicals from pre-hydrolysis liquor, which is regarded as the waste stream in the pulping process.

Dexterous Creation of Soccer-Ball Pattern by Using Urethane Rubber

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Funatani ◽  
◽  
Keiichi Nakamoto ◽  
Anthony Beaucamp ◽  
Yoshimi Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Soccer Ball ◽  
Soft Objects ◽  
Value Added Products

It is important to establish new approaches to create value-added products, such as craftwork or artistic goods, that are different from traditional methods of realizing high-quality and low-cost products. Such a production technology is commonly called “dexterous machining.” This study addresses the creation of artistic products by using soft materials with complicated shapes by employing an aqueous solution of sodium acetate to fix a workpiece and to suppress the deformation. Experimental results show that the use of an aqueous solution of sodium acetate has the potential to realize the “dexterous machining” of soft objects.

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