MOTORCYCLE COCKPIT DESIGN CLASSIFICATION: CODEC SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Muhammad Syahmi Wan Fauzi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Omar ◽  
Roseleena Jaafar ◽  
Muhammad Izzat Nor Ma’arof ◽  
Helmi Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Nomenclature System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Standardized Method ◽  
Cockpit Design

Motorcycle have become very popular transportation nowadays. There are several ways of classifying motorcycle into different types of categories such as according to the engine displacement sizes, type, usage, mechanical function etc. Aside from manufacturer’s classification, which is based on the engine displacement sizes, most of them are subjective. Due to the variations, research related to motorcycle are uncoordinated. In addition, consistency and reliability of data collected are necessary since the field of research is vast. This paper aims to fill this research gap by proposing a standardized method for motorcycle nomenclature system, which is a classification based on a motorcycle cockpit design.

A Unified Model of Product Service Systems Representation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujing Yang ◽  
Ke Xing ◽  
David Ness
Keyword(s):  
Unified Model ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Product Service Systems ◽  
Virtual Product ◽  
Research Studies

This paper proposes a model to represent the structure of different types of Product Service Systems (PSS). The model can fill the current research gap that different types of PSS cannot be represented by a unified expression. In current research studies, PSS is divided into three main categories and each type has different ways to be modelled. Designers have to develop different types of PSS through very different ways. The model is developed on a new concept of Virtual Product, which represent the PSS from a customer's viewpoint. Based on this concept, different types of PSS can be represented in a unified model.

Peacemaking, Peacekeeping, and Peacebuilding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Reychler
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Made In

Peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding have generated considerable interest in the areas of education, research, and politics. This can be attributed in part to the growing recognition that there are limits to violence and that proactive violence prevention is more cost-effective than reactive conflict prevention. Peacebuilding became part of the official discourse when the United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali introduced the concept of post-conflict peacebuilding in the Agenda for Peace. The agenda specified four areas of action relating to preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding. Two important documents have helped bring peacebuilding to the mainstream: the 2000 Brahimi Report, a response to the failures of complex UN peacekeeping in the 1990s, and In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights, which led to the establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission. Conflict prevention and peacebuilding have also been mainstreamed in the European Union and in most of the foreign offices of the member states. A central focus of studies on peacebuilding is the interrelationships between peacemaking, political change, development, peacekeeping, and reconciliation. Despite the progress made in terms of research, there are a number of gaps and challenges that still need to be addressed. Many analysts, for example, leave the end state vague and implicit and make no systematic differentiation between different types of peace. With respect to context, two salient issues require more attention: the qualities of a peacebuilder and the role of integrative power. The widest research gap is found in the planning of the peacebuilding process.

Do online reviews have different effects on consumers’ sampling behaviour across product types? Evidence from the software industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 016555152096539
Author(s):  
Shengli Li ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Shiyu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Experience Goods ◽  
Consumer Uncertainty ◽  
Software Firms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Typical Type ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
User Ratings

Previous research shows that online reviews may have different effects for search goods and experience goods. However, as a typical type of experience goods, software can be further divided into different categories based on product characteristics. Little research has been conducted regarding the different effects of online reviews for different types of software. Furthermore, to offer free samples is another common practice of software firms to alleviate consumer uncertainty prior to purchase. To fill the corresponding research gap, this research focuses on the interaction effects between online reviews and free samples for different types of software. Through our empirical analysis, we find that user ratings significantly increase consumers’ sample downloads. Furthermore, consumers download more samples for some categories than for others. Finally, user and editor ratings might have differential effects for different types of software.

scholarly journals Geometry and mechanical function of multijoint extremities from mammals to insects: towards biomimetic design of robotic arm

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Denisov ◽  
Natalya Kizilova
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Biomimetic Design ◽  
Different Types

Biomechanics of legs of different families of insects is studied. Geometry of different pairs of legs designed for walking, running, swimming, digging and other tasks has been measured on entomological collections. Relationships between the lengths of three main segments (femur, tibia, tarsus) as well as their smaller segments (if any) have been studied. It is shown the cursorial and fossorial legs satisfy the same nondimentional relationships in the insects of different size, habitat and evolutionary age, while the saltatorial, nanatorial and raptoridal legs possess different types of relations. Application of the nature inspired design to engineered macro and micro manipulators and robotic systems is discussed.

scholarly journals Efficiently answering reachability and path queries on temporal bipartite graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845-1858
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Chen ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xuemin Lin ◽  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Lu Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Bipartite Graphs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Author Paper ◽  
Reachability Query ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Path Queries

Bipartite graphs are naturally used to model relationships between two different types of entities, such as people-location, author-paper, and customer-product. When modeling real-world applications like disease outbreaks, edges are often enriched with temporal information, leading to temporal bipartite graphs. While reachability has been extensively studied on (temporal) unipartite graphs, it remains largely unexplored on temporal bipartite graphs. To fill this research gap, in this paper, we study the reachability problem on temporal bipartite graphs. Specifically, a vertex u reaches a vertex w in a temporal bipartite graph G if u and w axe connected through a series of consecutive wedges with time constraints. Towards efficiently answering if a vertex can reach the other vertex, we propose an index-based method by adapting the idea of 2-hop labeling. Effective optimization strategies and parallelization techniques are devised to accelerate the index construction process. To better support real-life scenarios, we further show how the index is leveraged to efficiently answer other types of queries, e.g., single-source reachability query and earliest-arrival path query. Extensive experiments on 16 real-world graphs demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed techniques.

scholarly journals Characteristics identifying the companies conducting different dividend policy: evidence from Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pieloch-Babiarz
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital Growth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
Research Gap

Research background: Dividend policy has been a subject of many scientific studies. Although most of them focus on its determinants, there is still a research gap concerning the lack of comprehensive research on the differences between companies implementing different types of dividend policy. Furthermore, no at-tempt has been made to indicate which of them could be considered as more attractive for stock market investor that invests in dividend stocks. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of companies with different dividend policy from the point of view of their investment attractiveness. Methods: The empirical research is conducted among the regular dividend payers listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in years 2001–2017. The data for analysis is collected from Notoria Service and Stock Market Yearbooks. The main calculations are carried out using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test. Findings & Value added: The value added of this paper is a holistic approach to comparison of companies conducting different dividend policy. The most significant differences are observed in case of extreme and residual dividend policy. The first policy should be of particular interest to investors investing for dividends, while the second one should be attractive to investors that invest for capital growth. The research is valuable due to the lack of academic studies concerning different dividend policy in the context of attractiveness of investing in dividend shares.

Aligning conflict brand stories with product types

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-919
Author(s):  
Chin-Ching Yin ◽  
Hung-Chang Chiu ◽  
Yi-Ching Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Customer Attitudes ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Using classic literary theory pertaining to conflicts, this study aims to investigate the links of various types of conflicts and brand attitudes, in the context of brand stories for search and experience product types. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a survey of university students to test this study’s hypotheses. Findings The results reveal significant main effects of four conflict reversal stories on brand attitudes. The influences of man-against-self, man-against-man and man-against-society conflicts on brand attitude are greater for experience than for search products. In contrast, the influence of man-against-nature conflict is higher for search than for experience products. Research limitations/implications To generalize the results, this study should be replicated using more heterogeneous populations, setting the study in other cultures, testing actual brands and using a wider range of products. Practical implications The findings provide insights for marketers seeking to use appropriate conflicts in their brand stories to enhance customers’ brand attitudes. Originality/value Extant research does not address the relationship between different types of conflicts and customer attitudes, and the current study bridges this research gap.

scholarly journals Smart Cities’ Applications to Facilitate the Mobility of Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6395
Author(s):  
Nelson Pacheco Rocha ◽  
Rute Bastardo ◽  
João Pavão ◽  
Gonçalo Santinha ◽  
Mário Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Smart Mobility

This study aimed to identify: (i) the relevant applications based on information technologies and requiring smart cities’ infrastructure to facilitate the mobility of older adults in URBAN SPACES; (ii) the type of data being used by the proposed applications; (iii) the maturity level of these applications; and (iv) the barriers TO their dissemination. An electronic search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases, combining relevant keywords. Then, titles and abstracts were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the full texts of the eligible articles were retrieved and screened for inclusion. A total of 28 articles were included. These articles report smart cities’ applications to facilitate the mobility of older adults using different types of sensing devices. The number of included articles is reduced when compared with the total number of articles related to smart cities, which means that the mobility of older adults it is still a not significant topic within the research on smart cities’. Although most of the included studies aimed the implementation of specific applications, these were still in an early stage of development, without the assessment of potential end-users. This is an important research gap since it makes difficult the creation of market-oriented solutions. Another research gap is the integration of knowledge generated by other research topics related to smart cities and smart mobility. Consequently, important issues (e.g., user privacy, data standardization and integration, Internet of Things implementation, and sensors’ characteristics) were poorly addressed by the included studies.

scholarly journals Introduction: Meeting in the Middle

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bellamy ◽  
Markus Kornprobst ◽  
Christine Reh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Gap

AbstractCompromise is routinely evoked in everyday language and in scholarly debates across the social sciences. Yet, it has been subjected to relatively little systematic study. The introduction to this inter-disciplinary volume addresses the research gap in three steps. First, we offer three reasons for the study of compromise: its empirical omnipresence in politics, its theoretical potential to bridge the rationalist-constructivist divide, and its normative promise to recognize the plurality of society. Second, we introduce different approaches to the coherence, legitimacy and limits of compromise found in the existing explanatory and normative literatures. We discuss why these literatures need to speak to one another, and identify possible applications in empirical research. Third, we conceptualize compromise as one possible solution to a conflict. Distinct from both dissensus and consensus, all compromises share three characteristics: concessions, non-coercion and continued controversy. However, different types of compromise can be distinguished by how mutual, costly and painful concessions are; by whether all forms of coercion are absent; and by the degree to which the relevant parties’ grounds for conflict are transformed. We conclude by discussing the challenge and appeal of ‘politics as compromise’ in plural and complex societies.

scholarly journals The implications of eWOM adoption on the customer journey

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chananchida Ngarmwongnoi ◽  
João S. Oliveira ◽  
Majd AbedRabbo ◽  
Sahar Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Customer Journey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Post Purchase

Purpose This paper aims to investigate customers' motives to engage with electronic word of mouth (eWOM), as well as the effect of eWOM on customer behavior, both at the purchase and post-purchase stages. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was adopted, consisting of 30 semi-structured interviews with Thai consumers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings Information validation, product evaluation, purchase and post-purchase validation are key motives for consumers to search for eWOM. Furthermore, eWOM quantity, eWOM credibility and attitudes toward eWOM play a critical role in evaluation of information usefulness and adoption. Moreover, five different types of shoppers were identified according to their purchase behavior after adapting eWOM: prompt shoppers, in-store shoppers, promotion shoppers, conservative shoppers and remedy shoppers. Originality/value While the implications of the adoption of eWOM have been explored in previous research, there is limited understanding in terms of the impacts of eWOM on the customer journey. This study addresses this research gap by investigating not only customers' motives to engage with eWOM but also its effect on their behavior at the purchase and post-purchase stages.

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