EFFECT OF AIRFLOW ON MOISTURE REMOVAL OF ROTARY BIODRYING REACTORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khajon Somsai ◽  
Tusanee Tondee ◽  
Somrat Kerdsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Moisture Removal ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Period 2

Biodrying is the process to reduce moisture from municipal solid waste (MSW) by using the heat from aerobic bio-degradation. The typical process parameters are aeration, temperature during the process, initial moisture of waste, and temperature and relative humidity of the inlet air. This study aimed to investigate the effects of air flow rate and the supplied direct airflow duration on the rotary biodrying process for drying the high initial moisture content households solid waste, allowing satisfied energy content biofuel. The MSW from the Karai subdistric, kratumban samutsakorn province were used as a substrate. Biodrying process was performed in 8 trails with various air volumes from 0.20 to 0.45 m3/hr.-kg dry weight (dw). It was found that the increased airflow rate was not linearly proportional to the weight loss. The hydrolytic stage period (2 days) before supplied high air flow in aerobic stage could more increase moisture removal efficiency for rotary biodrying than increase double air flow rate only. The end product was sufficiently homogeneous and heating values 18,024 – 24,260 kJ/kg. 

Numerical and experimental investigation on the air flow characteristics of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning module for a small electric vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1597-1609
Author(s):  
Kang Li ◽  
Hao Gao ◽  
Peng Jia ◽  
Lin Su ◽  
Yidong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Pump System

In electrical vehicles, replacing positive temperature coefficient heater as heat source with an air source heat pump could improve the driving range and decrease energy consumption in cold climate. Design of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning module for heat pump system has a significant influence on its performance in each working mode. A newly designed heat pump heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning module was introduced in this paper. The air flow characteristics of the heat pump heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning module in four working modes were analyzed, and the air flow rate and wind resistance were obtained by numerical simulation. Experiments were also conducted for validating its airflow rate in each working mode. Results of these experiments show that some unfavorable phenomena such as flow maldistribution and vortex inside the heat pump heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning module exist, which could lead to insufficient utilization of the heat exchange area of heat exchangers and the generation of aerodynamic noise. Furthermore, the air flow rate of the original heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning module was also measured for comparison, and the designed heat pump heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning module shows nearly 15–20% decrease in each working mode.

scholarly journals A twin-fluid injector for FCC feed injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Tushar Sikroria ◽  
Kushari A ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Sriganesh G
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Droplet Velocity ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Air Flow Rate

In Fluidized Bed Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process, hydrocarbon feed undergoes vapour phase cracking in presence of hot regenerated catalyst to produce valuable products like LPG, Gasoline and Diesel. FCC feed injection system is most critical hardware component of FCC unit in order to get desired product yield by minimizing the undesirable dry gas and coke yield. Typically, twin-fluid nozzles (hydrocarbon and stream) are used to atomize the feed. In the present study, a twin-fluid injector, with an internal impactor to minimize the droplet size and velocity, is designed, developed and characterized. The performance of the feeding injector was evaluated using water and air as operating fluids and the droplet size and velocity were measured 150 mm downstream of the injector tip using a PDPA system for different water and air flow rates. The average droplet size (D32) showed an increase while the droplet velocity remained almost constant with the increase in the liquid flow rate for a given flow rate of air, consistent with the increase in droplet size with decreasing air-liquid ratio for twin–fluid atomizers. But, for a given liquid flow rate, the droplet SMD decreased and the droplet velocity increased with increasing airflow rate, which can be attributed to the increase in overall kinetic energy due to the increase in air flow rate. The flow rate of liquid was seen to be independent of air flow rate unlike conventional twin-fluid atomizers. The droplet size was found to be a function of ALR and the local volume flux of the droplets was found to be a function of the liquid flow rate.

Waste to Energy: Calorific Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste through Biodrying

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Badrus Zaman ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Samadikun ◽  
Nurandani Hardyanti ◽  
Purwono Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Hemicellulose Degradation

Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an energy resource with sufficient energy/calorific value, making it a suitable substitute for fuel. This study investigated the effect of air flow rate on the MSW calorific value, the hemicellulose content, and the MSW degradation rate in a biodrying process. Four biodrying reactors equipped with flowrate and temperature recorders were used in the study. The air flow rate was varied as follows: 0 L/min/kg, 2 L/min/kg, 4 L/min/kg, and 6 L/min/kg, corresponding to reactors R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. The calorific value, water content, hemicellulose content, organic C content, and total N were measured on day 1, day 15, and day 30. The results showed that the biodrying process could increase the calorific value by 55.3 %, whereas the control reactor could increase the calorific value by only 4.7 %. The highest calorific value was 17.63 MJ/kg, at an air flow rate of 4 L/min/kg. The air flow rate had a significant effect on increasing the calorific value (sig.<0.05). The highest temperature in the biodrying process was 41 °C. The final MSW moisture content was 27.28 %, resulting from R4. According to the statistical test results, the air flow rate had a significant influence on the water content parameters. Hemicellulose degradation due to air flow rate reached 80–85 %. The air flow rate did not significantly influence the hemicellulose degradation (sig.>0.05). The biodrying process is the suitable method to increase the calorific value of MSW while reducing its water content; thus, the process promotes the realization of waste to energy as refuse-derived fuel.

Experimental Study of Solar Air Heating System Based on Unglazed Transpired Collector

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Gao ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Xiumu Fang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
Collector Efficiency

An experimental rig was set up to test the thermal performance of a solar air heating system based on an unglazed transpired collector of 2.5 m2. The experiment was carried out at Harbin Institute of Technology in the city of Harbin, which is located in northeastern China, at latitude 45°41′ N and longitude 126°37′ E. The tests were spread over a number of days, in which the 4-day experimental data within the period were selected as the sample for analysis. Experimental results show that solar collector’s surface temperature and exit air temperature increase with increasing solar irradiation. The influence of ambient temperature on surface temperature and exit temperature is negligible. Temperature rise decreases with increasing air flow rate, while collector efficiency increases with increasing air flow rate. For an air flow rate of 100 m3/h in Test 1, the average air temperature rise and collector efficiency were 28.86°C and 72% respectively; for an air flow rate of 235 m3/h in Test 2, the average air temperature rise and collector efficiency were 11.52°C and 78% respectively. Higher airflow rate tends to operate the collector at lower surface temperature, which results in lower overall heat losses from the collector to the surroundings, therefore increasing airflow rate reduces air temperature rise and enhances the collector efficiency. The average efficiency of the experimental solar air heating system in the 4-day experiment period was 72%, 78%, 61%, and 72% respectively, which are higher than most conventional glazed flat-plate solar air collectors. With better coordination with architectural design at early stage in a project, this building-integrated solar air heating system can be both aesthetically and technically viable.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Laju Aliran Udara Terhadap Efisiensi Penyisihan Organik di dalam Air Lindi dengan Menggunakan Teknik Oksidasi Lanjut (O3/H2O2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 009-017
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rangga Sururi ◽  
Mayang Afi Fadiyah ◽  
Siti Ainun Saleh ◽  
Mila Dirgawati
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Filter Disc

ABSTRACT Leachate has complex characteristics, and it is commonly processed biologically in the Leachate Treatment Plant (IPL) in Indonesia. However, as the landfill ages, the leachate becomes less biodegradable. An appropriate technique is needed to treat leachate at IPL, and one of the promising methods is advanced oxidation with O3/H2O2. This study examined the effect of air flow rate on the concentration of residual ozone (KSO) and its efficiency to remove organic compounds using the O3/H2O2 process. Leachate samples were collected as grab samples from TPA Sarimukti Bandung. As much as 1 L of leachate samples were placed in an ozone contactor equipped with a filter disc with a pore size of 100-160 µm. The dose of H2O2 was continuously added to 1.197 g/L. Compressor was used to provide airflow with variations of 2, 3, and 4 L/min. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was measured to determine the concentration of residual ozone (KSO) and validated by examining KSO measurements with the Indigo colorimetric method. A strong relationship between KSO and DO (R2 = 0.99) was observed at an airflow rate of 4 L/min. The highest ozone mass transfer coefficient (KLa,O3) was recorded at a 4 L/minute flow rate with 0.0022 min-1 at 27 °C.  The best removal efficiency has occurred at the fastest air flow rate (4 L/min) with COD, and UV254 removal was 88.89% and 14.87%, respectively. Keywords: DO, flow variation, KSO, leachate, O3/H2O2, organic, mass transfer   ABSTRAK Karakteristik lindi sangatlah kompleks dan di Indonesia, Instalasi Pengolahan Lindi (IPL) pada umumnya menggunakan sistem pengolahan biologis. Namun demikian, seiring dengan pertambahan umur urugan sampah, lindi semakin tidak biodegradable. Teknik pengolahan tepat diperlukan untuk mengolah lindi di IPL. Salah satu teknik yang sering digunakan adalah oksidasi lanjut dengan O3/H2O2 dengan mentransferkan gas ozon ke dalam air lindi yang diukur sebagai Konsentrasi Sisa Ozon (KSO) dan menambahkan H2O2 untuk meningkatkan pembentukan OH? di dalam air.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju aliran udara terhadap KSO serta pengaruhnya terhadap efisiensi penyisihan senyawa organik pada proses O3/H2O2. Sampel lindi diambil secara grab sampling dari TPA Sarimukti Bandung. Sebanyak 1 L sampel ditempatkan pada kontaktor ozon yang dilengkapi filter disc dengan pori berukuran 100-160µm. Dosis H2O2 yang diberikan tetap sebesar 1,197 g/L. Udara dialirkan dengan air compressor dengan variasi debit udara 2, 3, dan 4 L/menit. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran Dissolved Oxygen (DO) digunakan sebagai pendekatan untuk mengukur KSO. Validasi dilakukan dengan meneliti hubungan antara KSO dan DO dan pengukuran KSO dilakukan dengan metode indigo colorimetric method.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KSO dan DO memiliki hubungan yang kuat (R2 = 0,99) pada variasi aliran udara 4 L/menit. Laju aliran udara tercepat terjadi ketika nilai koefisien transfer masa ozon (KLa,O3) mencapai nilai tertinggi (0,0022 menit-1) pada suhu 27 oC. Hasil penelitian membuktikan efisiensi penyisihan COD (88,89%) dan UV254 (14,87%) tertinggi terjadi pada laju aliran udara tercepat selama 180 menit. Kata kunci: DO, aliran udara KSO, lindi, O3/H2O2, organik, transfer masa

scholarly journals The performance of up-draft gasifier with various of air flow rate in gasification palm starch waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Herman Saputro ◽  
Imam Muttaqin ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Vani Fadlullah ◽  
Laila Fitriana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel

Conversion of palm starch waste biomass into energy sources through gasification process could be done to meet the energy requirement in palm noodle industry. This research used the Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF-5) based on the palm Starch waste. This is due to the how to overcome the solid waste around the home industry of noodle in Jawa Tengah. This study was conducted to determine the performance of up-draft gasifier with variations of air flow rate, i.e., 72 lpm, 95 lpm, and 123 lpm. The results showed that the variation of air flow rate has affected to the gasification product. The optimum LHV value occurred at 122 l/m air flow rate, where the LHV value increased with the increase of air flow rate, but after passing 122 l/m, the LHV value was continually decreasing.

Exploration of Biodrying Process for Mixed Municipal Solid Waste Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
Asha P. Tom ◽  
Renu Pawels ◽  
Ajit Haridas
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Self Heating

The exploitation of self-heating nature of municipal solid waste for moisture reduction, through convective evaporation reaction called 'Biodrying Process' is promising for converting municipal solid waste with high moisture content in to a renewable energy substrate. The simultaneous regulation of air flow rate and reactor feed volume in the pilot scale reactor system has brought about a significant change in the spatial and temporal distribution of self heating reaction. The constant volumetric air flow rate of 40 L/m and initial filled height of reactor matrix was 1.65 m have been maintained in the first experiment, while the air flow rate has been doubled to of 80 L/m and the filled height of reactor matrix was raised to 2.0 m in the second experiment. Weight reduction of 29.6 % and moisture loss of 24.6 % has been achieved at the end of 11 days of reaction in the first study. A considerable improvement in biodrying process has been observed in the second experiment with a weight reduction of 40.7 % and moisture loss of 38.8 % achieved after 11 days of reaction. The accelerated evaporative cooling mechanism observed in the second experiment has found to improve the biodrying process efficiency.

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