scholarly journals Czech Household Tax Burden Estimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564
Author(s):  
Lukáš Moravec ◽  
Gabriela Kukalová ◽  
Jakub Ječmínek ◽  
Luboš Žáček
Keyword(s):  
Tax Burden ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Indirect Taxes

This paper solves the question of the Czech households’ tax burden and its trend during the period from 2005 to 2015. Authors identified three groups of model Czech households based on the Czech Statistical Office data. The consumer basket structures, the median income, direct and indirect taxes rates were the parameters covered by the analyses. The weighted VAT tax rates were calculated for the consumer basket items valid for the year 2015. The year 2015 was used as the reference one for the rest of the period. The results show the estimated cumulative tax burden including direct and indirect taxation in 2015 and the previous years. The paper identified the changes and the trend of taxation level relating the Czech households.

Six Decades of U.S. Tax Reform: Why has the Average Couple’s Tax Burden Increased?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Plecnik ◽  
Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
Wage Earning ◽  
Wage Earners

We collect basic Federal tax laws over a 64-year period in order to simulate the historical effective tax rates of median income wage-earning couples. We find that effective income tax rates have decreased over the sample period; however, when payroll taxes are included in our calculations, total tax burdens have increased significantly. Interestingly, this increase in middle class wage taxation has occurred over an historical period in which total Federal tax revenue relative to GDP has remained somewhat constant. This implies that the middle class has borne an increasing relative tax burden in recent years. We hope that our analyses inform both the taxpaying public and policy makers of the historical status of middle class wage earners.

scholarly journals Taxation and income: a study regarding the regressive model of indirect taxation in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Aline Felipe Silva ◽  
Marconi Silva Miranda ◽  
Anderson De Oliveira Reis ◽  
Elizangela Lourdes de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Indirect Taxes

Purpose: To verify if indirect taxes on the income of taxpayers actually tend to be regressive, increasing the disparity between Brazilian taxpayers. Methodology: The empirical strategy consisted in estimating a simple linear regression model, based on the model developed by Pintos-Payeras (2008). The database was based on the data from the family budget survey (POF / 2002-2003). Results: The results show that indirect taxation tends to be regressive when family income is taken as the basis, since it affects all without distinguishing between its taxable capacity. Contributions of the Study: The study demonstrates that those who are in better economic conditions have less and less to bear with this tax burden, and, therefore, taxes are more heavily burdened on people with lower purchasing power.

Bailout policies will raise Greek taxpayer's burden

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
Business Tax

Significance Tax arrears are expected to rise to 95 billion euros (106 billion dollars) by year-end following the introduction of new taxes. An ever-rising tax burden is encouraging evasion while discouraging investment, which prefers a tax regime that is both low and predictable. Impacts Nearly 70% of taxpayers may not meet their obligations in full this year, according to the Athens Chamber of Commerce and Industry. A 3-percentage-point increase in the basic rate of business tax will hit small firms in particular. Individuals face not only higher income tax rates but a plethora of new indirect taxes and increases in property tax. Evasion will increase the sense that austerity weighs more on some than others, making the policy politically less sustainable.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of Indirect Taxes on Consumers in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Wisal Abdullah Husain ◽  
◽  
Oroba Main Ayesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Impact

The importance of research by highlighting the impact of increasing indirect taxation on the consumer, the problem of research that the increase of the state’s interest in increasing tax revenues after the decline of oil prices to cover the budget deficit without taking into account the impact of the imposition of indirect taxes on the Iraqi consumer,Therefore, the study aims to study the economic indicators to determine the extent of the effect that the tax burden is added to the prices of the materials or at the expense of their quality. And the extent to which the revenues of each type of indirect taxes, customs taxes, production and sales for 2011-2017.A number of proposals have been reached to address the imbalance associated with the imposition of indirect taxes on the Iraqi consumer.

Preferences, Tax Structure and Tax Reform: Theory and Evidence

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo Maital
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pure Public Good ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
Current Shift ◽  
Optimal Tax Structure ◽  
The U.S

When the structure of tax revenues–the proportion of revenues earned by income, consumption and wealth taxes–is treated as a pure public good, a useful framework emerges for analyzing interrelationships among taxpayers' preferences, tax structure and tax reform. The “optimal” tax structure is defined and used to outline several conjectures about the current shift from direct to indirect taxation, evident particularly in Europe. Attention is then focused on the U.S. tax system. The structure of the tax system is shown to have changed very little in the past two decades. In contrast, interview surveys carried out over the past thirty years indicated a long-standing shift in taxpayers' preferences toward indirect taxes. Implications are drawn regarding tax reform.

scholarly journals Interest and tax burden on corporations in the Czech industrial and banking sector after 2008

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-424
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Sedláček ◽  
Daniel Němec
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Tax Reduction ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Real Payments

Abstract The present paper deals with the interest and tax burden of corporations in the Czech industrial and banking sector as well as with the identification of the differences between the two sectors, including the evaluation of their developmental trends in the period after the economic and financial crisis of 2008. The interest and tax burden on business entities is determined by negative cash flows that reduce the value of their assets and equity. The basis of the research is the analysis of both components of the financial burden on corporations in these sectors over the past eight years and the identification of factors influencing their capital structure and performance. According to DuPont's equation, the burden is expressed by interest and the tax reduction of corporation's earnings before interest and taxes. The amount of the financial burden depends on the macroeconomic environment where the corporations operate. Our analysis identified an asynchronous dependence between the real payments and changes in the interest and tax rates. The reduction of both rates has had a positive effect on the performance of Czech corporations and increased their capital resources. They became more attractive to foreign investors, and the return on invested capital improved. Based on the results of the analysis, we evaluated the differences in the performance of the average corporation in the banking and industrial sectors.

scholarly journals Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Motor Vehicle Taxation in the Slovak Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Konečný ◽  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Ivana Šimková
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Current Level ◽  
The Self ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The article deals with the motor vehicle tax in relation with fiscal decentralization, particularly from 2005 with competence delegated to the self-governing regions in the area of motor vehicle tax. The result of this provision in the field of fiscal decentralization is increasing of differences in the motor vehicle tax burden in self-governing regions of Slovakia. The paper is the result of solving a series of impact studies solved by the authors in this field. Gradually over time from the transfer of competences in setting tax rates on motor vehicles to self-governing regions and usage of the incomes of this tax can realistically assess the development and impact of this element of fiscal decentralization in the Slovak Republic as well as propose a solution of resulting situation. The aim is to eliminate differences in motor vehicle tax burden at regional and interstate level while maintaining the current level of tax revenues of self-governing regions.

An Investigation of the Firm Size—Effective Tax Rate Relation in the 1980s

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Omer ◽  
Karen H. Molloy ◽  
David A. Ziebart
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Rate Relation

Given the recent emphasis on effective tax rates by policy makers and accounting researchers, this study investigates the relation between firm size and corporate tax burdens on a yearly and an industry basis. The analysis is conducted using five effective tax measures employed in previous studies in order to determine the degree to which inferences between size and tax burden are robust across these different effective tax measures. The results indicate that the relation is fairly robust across measures and, in instances in which the relation is not upheld by our analysis, sample composition explains differences in the observed relation between firm size and corporate tax burden.

Chapter I. The Home Economy

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Indirect Taxes

Our view of the short-term prospects for the domestic economy has worsened markedly since May. This is only in part because of the Budget of 12 June: indeed it is important to bear in mind, if comparisons are made with the May forecasts, that we had allowed for public expenditure cuts for 1979/80 on the scale which has now been announced and we also built in the indexation of both personal tax allowances and specific indirect taxes and duties. Thus, so far as the change in the outlook for the current financial year is concerned, the Budget effects are broadly limited to the move to a uniform VAT rate of 15 per cent together with the cuts in personal income tax rates. For 1980/81, we have reduced our public expenditure volume forecast substantially from the figures given in May. The other major factor tending to alter the outlook was the unexpectedly rapid growth this year of imports.

scholarly journals Public Administration in EU: Harmonization of Income Taxes

2019 ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
J. Korecko ◽  
R. Bacik ◽  
I. Voznakova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Member States ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tax Harmonization ◽  
The Eu

In the European communities, the need for tax harmonization has begun to commence since the beginning of integration efforts in the 1960s. The first attitudes to tax harmonization were very ambitious. The plan was not only structural harmonization but also harmonization of tax rates. The paper examines the nature and course of the direct tax harmonization process, describes its advantages and disadvantages as well as the positive and negative effects of tax competition. The paper aims to examine the development and volume of selected income taxes collected in the Member States of the European Union. It tells whether the harmonization of income taxes is still a stagnant process. Cluster analysis deals with looking for similarities of multidimensional objects. Two clustering methods were used – hierarchical agglomeration clustering and non-hierarchical clustering. Cluster analysis aimed to achieve groups of states that would have some homogeneity. Cluster analysis sorted the data into sets with the highest possible similarity within the group and the most significant difference between the groups. Analysis of tax burden and income tax rates confirmed significant differences in these indicators across the EU. On the other hand, cluster analysis revealed similar developments in tax systems in terms of their geographical location in Europe. Cluster analysis can be used to suggest possible steps to co-operate in harmonizing Member State taxes in the future. The authors of this article propose the possibility of harmonizing taxes and cooperating gradually within clusters rather than trying to apply uniform rules in all EU Member States at the same time. The conclusion of the article raises problems in the field of harmonization of direct taxes in the EU. The possibility of preserving autonomy in deciding on tax burden in the country is left to the many Member States because they see that autonomy as a competitive advantage, particularly in the field of investment. Keywords: tax, harmonization, income, European Union, cluster analysis.

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