scholarly journals Sunscreen or simulated sweat minimizes the impact of acute ultraviolet radiation on cutaneous microvascular function in healthy humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tony Wolf ◽  
Craig W. Berry ◽  
Anna E. Stanhewicz ◽  
Lauren E. Kenney ◽  
Sara B. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Barrier Function in Human Skin: Molecular Mechanisms and Topical Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 5503-5511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alhasaniah ◽  
Michael J. Sherratt ◽  
Catherine A. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The Impact

A competent epidermal barrier is crucial for terrestrial mammals. This barrier must keep in water and prevent entry of noxious stimuli. Most importantly, the epidermis must also be a barrier to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sunlight. Currently, the effects of ultraviolet radiation on epidermal barrier function are poorly understood. However, studies in mice and more limited work in humans suggest that the epidermal barrier becomes more permeable, as measured by increased transepidermal water loss, in response UVR, at doses sufficiently high to induce erythema. The mechanisms may include disturbance in the organisation of lipids in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) and reduction in tight junction function in the granular layer (the first living layer of the skin). By contrast, suberythemal doses of UVR appear to have positive effects on epidermal barrier function. Topical sunscreens have direct and indirect protective effects on the barrier through their ability to block UV and also due to their moisturising or occlusive effects, which trap water in the skin, respectively. Some topical agents such as specific botanical extracts have been shown to prevent the loss of water associated with high doses of UVR. In this review, we discuss the current literature and suggest that the biology of UVR-induced barrier dysfunction, and the use of topical products to protect the barrier, are areas worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

scholarly journals Cell responses to the impact of physiological doses of ultraviolet radiation and their modulation by plant polyphenols

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kostyuk ◽  
Ahmed Albuhaydar ◽  
Alla I. Potapovich ◽  
Lyudmila G. Korkinа
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Polyphenols ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
The Impact

In this study it was investigated the responses of cultured human cells – keratinocytes and fibroblasts to physiological doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) applied with or without plant polyphenolic compounds: rutin, quercetin, taxofolin, silybin and baikalein. Experimental data obtained in this work indicate the presence of synergism in the action of physiological doses of UVR and plant polyphenolic compounds on inflammatory signaling pathways in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It is concluded that the identified synergies can contribute to the adaptation of the skin to subsequent exposure to UVR, and thus be one of the photoprotective mechanisms of the plant polyphenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Cannabis Yield Increased Proportionally With Light Intensity, but Additional Ultraviolet Radiation Did Not Affect Yield or Cannabinoid Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Llewellyn ◽  
Scott Golem ◽  
Elizabeth Foley ◽  
Steve Dinka ◽  
Max Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Neutral Form ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
The Impact

Cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) is now legally produced in many regions worldwide. Cannabis flourishes under high light intensities (LI); making it an expensive commodity to grow in controlled environments, despite its exceptionally high market value. It is commonly believed that cannabis secondary metabolite levels may be enhanced both by increasing LI and by exposing crops to ultraviolet radiation (UV). However, there is sparse scientific evidence to guide cultivators. Therefore, the impact of LI and UV on yield and quality must be elucidated to enable cultivators to optimize their lighting protocols. We explored the effects of LI, ranging from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1 and supplemental UV spectra on cannabis yield and potency. There were no spectrum effects on inflorescence yield, but harvest index under UVA+UVB was reduced slightly (1.6%) vs. the control. Inflorescence yield increased linearly from 19.4 to 57.4 g/plant and harvest index increased from 0.565 to 0.627, as LI increased from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1. Although there were no UV spectrum effects on total equivalent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (T-THC) content in leaves, the neutral form, THC, was 30% higher in UVA+UVB vs. control. While there were no LI effects on inflorescence T-THC content, the content of the acid form (THCA) increased by 20% and total terpenes content decreased by 20% as LI increased from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1. High LI can substantially increase cannabis yield and quality, but we found no commercially-relevant benefits of adding supplemental UV radiation to indoor cannabis production.

scholarly journals The impact of ultraviolet radiation on sunburn-related search activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J Lospinoso ◽  
Joshua A Lospinoso ◽  
Nathanial R Miletta
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Binge Alcohol Intoxication on the Humoral Immune Response during Burkholderia spp. Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Moreno ◽  
Victor Jimenez ◽  
Fernando P. Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Impact

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis can occur in healthy humans, yet binge alcohol use is progressively being recognized as a major risk factor. Currently, no experimental studies have investigated the effects of binge alcohol on the adaptive immune system during an active infection. In this study, we used B. thailandensis and B. vietnamiensis, to investigate the impact of a single binge alcohol episode on the humoral response during infection. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were administered alcohol comparable to human binge drinking (4.4 g/kg) or PBS intraperitoneally 30 min before intranasal infection. Mice infected with B. thailandensis had a 100% survival rate, while those infected with B. vietnamiensis had a 33% survivability rate when a binge alcohol dose was administered. B. thailandensis was detected in blood of mice administered alcohol at only 7 days post infection (PI), while those infected with B. vietnamiensis and receiving alcohol were found throughout the 28-day infection as well as in tissues at day 28 PI. Binge alcohol elevated IgM and delayed IgG specific to the whole cell lysate (WCL) of B. vietnamiensis but not B. thailandensis infections. Differences in immunogenicity of B. pseudomallei near-neighbors provide a framework for novel insights into the effects of binge alcohol’s suppression of the humoral immune response that can cause opportunistic infections in otherwise healthy hosts.

Towards astrobiological experimental approaches to study planetary UV surface environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S345) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Ximena C. Abrevaya ◽  
Martin Leitzinger ◽  
Oscar J. Oppezzo ◽  
Petra Odert ◽  
G. Juan M. Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Atmospheric Attenuation ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe stellar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been studied in the last decade and has been found to be an important factor to determine the habitability of planetary surfaces. It is known that UVR can be a constraint for life. However, most of the studies of UVR and habitability have missed some fundamental aspects: i) Accurate estimation of the planetary atmospheric attenuation, ii) The biological inferences used to represent the impact of the stellar UVR on life are theoretical and based on the action spectrum (for DNA or microorganisms) or considering parameters as the “lethal dose” obtained from non-astrobiological experiments. Therefore, the conclusions reached by previous studies about the UVR habitability of planetary bodies may be inaccurate. In this work, we propose how to address these studies in a more accurate way through an interdisciplinary approach that combines astrophysics, microbiology, and photobiology and by the use of specially designed laboratory experiments.

The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism impacts parahippocampal and amygdala volume in healthy humans: incremental support for a genetic risk factor for depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1831-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Montag ◽  
B. Weber ◽  
K. Fliessbach ◽  
C. Elger ◽  
M. Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Structural Imaging ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathogenesis of affective disorders such as depression has been controversial. Mounting evidence comes from structural imaging, that the functional BDNF Val66Met polymorphism influences the hippocampal volume with carriers of the 66Met allele (Val/Met and Met/Met group) having smaller hippocampi. Given that stress-induced atrophy of the hippocampus is associated with the pathogenesis of affective disorders, the functional BDNF Val66Met polymorphism could be an incremental risk factor.MethodEighty-seven healthy Caucasian participants underwent structural imaging and were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Data were analysed by means of voxel-based morphometry (VBM).ResultsRegion of interest (ROI) analyses revealed an association between the 66Met allele and smaller parahippocampal volumes and a smaller right amygdala. In addition, the whole-brain analysis showed that the thalamus, fusiformus gyrus and several parts of the frontal gyrus were smaller in 66Met allele carriers.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the impact of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not confined to the hippocampus but also extends to the parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala.

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