Interactions Among Friction, Wear, and System Stiffness—Part 1: Effect of Normal Load and System Stiffness

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aronov ◽  
A. F. D’Souza ◽  
S. Kalpakjian ◽  
I. Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Frictional Contact ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Nonlinear Friction ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk

Dry frictional contact between two metallic surfaces, one cast iron and the other steel, is analyzed. The experiments were conducted using a pin-on-disk setup instrumented with force and acceleration transducers. The interactions between friction, wear, and vibrations and their dependence on normal load and system stiffness are investigated. The results indicate that stiffness has a significant effect on the normal load at which transition takes place from mild to severe friction and wear. The variation of surface roughness with normal load for different stiffnesses is also examined. The different regimes of friction are observed, as the normal load is increased. They are characterized as steady state friction region, nonlinear friction region, region of transient friction with disturbances and region of self-excited vibrations. It is shown that the transition from the steady-state friction can be characterized by a sudden increase in the coefficient of friction and amplitude of slider oscillations.

Friction and Wear Characteristics of SiC and Si3N4 Ceramics Against ZrO2 Ceramic under Dry Friction

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1319-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Tian ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
W.L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dry Friction ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Wear Maps ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics

The friction and wear of the silicon carbide (SiC) and hot pressed silicon nitride (Si3N4) against zirconia (Y–TZP) sliding under dry friction and room temperature conditions were investigated with pin-on-disk tribometer at sliding speed of 0.56 m·s-1 and normal load of 50 N, 80 N and 120 N, respectively. It was found that, the coefficient of friction and wear rate are dependent on the test duration as well as the normal load. Through analyzing and comparing, the wear rates of the two frictional couples both are in the 10-6 mm3 (N·m)-1. Based on the variety regulation of the wear maps, the wear mechanisms of the two couples were analyzed. Between the two couples, the friction and wear characteristics of the SiC/ZrO2 couple are better than the Si3N4/ZrO2 couple’s.

Experimental Investigation of aluminum doping crumb rubber/epoxy composite in reciprocating motion

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Goutam Chandra Karar ◽  
Nipu Modak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Friction Tester ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The experimental investigation of reciprocating motion between the aluminum doped crumb rubber /epoxy composite and the steel ball has been carried out under Reciprocating Friction Tester, TR-282 to study the wear and coefficient of frictions using different normal loads (0.4Kg, 0.7Kgand1Kg), differentfrequencies (10Hz, 25Hz and 40Hz).The wear is a function of normal load, reciprocating frequency, reciprocating duration and the composition of the material. The percentage of aluminum presents in the composite changesbut the other components remain the same.The four types of composites are fabricated by compression molding process having 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% Al. The effect of different parameters such as normal load, reciprocating frequency and percentage of aluminum has been studied. It is observed that the wear and coefficient of friction is influenced by the parameters. The tendency of wear goes on decreasing with the increase of normal load and it is minimum for a composite having 10%aluminum at a normal load of 0.7Kg and then goes on increasing at higher loads for all types of composite due to the adhesive nature of the composite. The coefficient of friction goes on decreasing with increasing normal loads due to the formation of thin film as an effect of heat generation with normal load.

scholarly journals On the Microstructural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Mo-Se-C Coatings and Their Potential for Friction Reduction against Rubber

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Jorge Caessa ◽  
Todor Vuchkov ◽  
Talha Bin Yaqub ◽  
Albano Cavaleiro
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk

Friction and wear contribute to high energetic losses that reduce the efficiency of mechanical systems. However, carbon alloyed transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD-C) coatings possess low friction coefficients in diverse environments and can self-adapt to various sliding conditions. Hence, in this investigation, a semi-industrial magnetron sputtering device, operated in direct current mode (DC), is utilized to deposit several molybdenum-selenium-carbon (Mo-Se-C) coatings with a carbon content up to 60 atomic % (at. %). Then, the carbon content influence on the final properties of the films is analysed using several structural, mechanical and tribological characterization techniques. With an increasing carbon content in the Mo-Se-C films, lower Se/Mo ratio, porosity and roughness appeared, while the hardness and compactness increased. Pin-on-disk (POD) experiments performed in humid air disclosed that the Mo-Se-C vs. nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) friction is higher than Mo-Se-C vs. steel friction, and the coefficient of friction (CoF) is higher at 25 °C than at 200 °C, for both steel and NBR countersurfaces. In terms of wear, the Mo-Se-C coatings with 51 at. % C showed the lowest specific wear rates of all carbon content films when sliding against steel. The study shows the potential of TMD-based coatings for friction and wear reduction sliding against rubber.

The role of surface topography and normal load in the initiation of ratchetting-peak friction, seizure, scuffing, and elastic shakedown

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Vimal Edachery ◽  
V. Swamybabu ◽  
Gurupatham Anand ◽  
Paramasamy Manikandan ◽  
Satish V. Kailas
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Critical Parameter ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Sliding Direction ◽  
Elastic Shakedown ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

Abstract Surface topography is a critical parameter that can influence friction and wear in engineering applications. In this work, the influence of surface topography directionality on seizure and scuffing initiation during tribological interactions is explored. For this, unidirectional sliding wear experiments were carried out in immersed lubrication conditions for various normal loads. The tribological interactions were studied using EN31-60 HRC flats and SAE52100-60HRC pins in a sphere on flat configuration. The results show that, in some cases, the sliding interactions in the initial cycles lead to a high friction coefficient of up to ∼0.68 in lubricated conditions, which was termed as ‘peak friction’, and this was accompanied by scuffing. The existence of peak friction was found to be dependent on surface topography directionality, especially when the directionality in topography was parallel to the sliding direction. Continuous ratchetting was found to be the cause of peak friction which was accompanied by seizure and scuffing. When the topography directionality was perpendicular or independent of sliding direction, elastic shakedown occurred at earlier cycles and prevented peak friction initiation, scuffing and also facilitated for higher steady-state friction values.

Effect of Applied DC Voltage to Stainless Steel Pin and CNx Coated Disk in Pin-on-Disk Sliding Test on Tribological Properties

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritsugu Umehara ◽  
Takahiro Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshio Fuwa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Negative Voltage ◽  
Positive Voltage ◽  
Sliding Test ◽  
Pin On Disk

The effect of applied DC voltage on the friction and wear of CNx sliding against stainless steel pin in air was clarified. Friction coefficient decreased with the increasing negative voltage to apply to the ball and disk in air. On the other hand, positive voltage increased friction coefficient. Friction coefficient of CNx in air decreased from 0.22 to 0.05 by applying electric voltage of DC −200 V. Specific wear rate was decreased with the increasing applied positive and negative voltage. It was considered that the oxidation of CNx was controlled by electric field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Friction and Wear Behavior of Date Palm Fruit Syrup as an Environmentally Friendly Lubricant

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazin Tahir ◽  
Abdul Samad Mohammed ◽  
Umar Azam Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The effect of various operational factors, such as sliding speed, normal load and temperature on the tribological properties of Date palm fruit syrup (DPFS) as an environmentally friendly lubricant, is investigated. Ball-on-disc wear tests are conducted on mild steel samples in the presence of DPFS as a lubricant under different conditions and the coefficient of friction and wear rate are measured. Scanning electron microscopy, stylus profilometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to evaluate the wear tracks to determine the underlying wear mechanisms. Results showed that DPFS has excellent tribological properties in terms of low friction and low wear rates making it a potential candidate to be used as a lubricant in tribological applications.

Effects of Lubrication on the Wear Parameters of Metals Using Pin-on-Disk Test Rig

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
C. F. Onyeanusi ◽  
S. C. Nwigbo ◽  
N. B. Anosike ◽  
C. A. Nwajude
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Frictional Coefficient ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Wear Pattern ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Test

Friction and wear control of movable parts in machines remain a critical challenge in the industries. Determination of measurement to control this often involves both the material and the lubricant. A wear test experiment using pin-on-disk apparatus to determine the wear pattern on a sample of aluminium and copper materials, lubricated with vegetable oil of palm kernel origin was conducted. Wear parameters, which include frictional coefficient, wear rate, and heat generation (temperature) were evaluated alongside thermal stress-strains on the pin on disk. Results showed that under the same conditions, the coefficient of friction reduces with the application of lubricant up to 84% and 7% for aluminium and copper respectively. The wear pattern for both materials when lubricated were evaluated and compared with dry condition to establish the relationships.

Friction and Wear Performance of Double Fraction Palm Olein Lubricant Using Pin-on-Disk Tribometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Noorawzi Nuraliza
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Worn Surface

In the present of analysis, the wear rate and friction coefficient of various material is investigated and it were compared below the result of sliding speed wherever the equipment pin on disk machine has been used. Experiments were carried out with 2 totally different pins fabricated from aluminum alloy (AA5083) and pure aluminum (A1100). Experiments were conducted at normal load in step with according to testing, 10 N with totally different sliding speed 1, 3, 5 m/s ,continuous flow lubricating substance, double fraction palm olein (DFPO). The result shows that the material from pure aluminum higher material compared to the aluminum alloy in sliding condition. The morphology of the worn surface was ascertained using high optical research. The magnitude of the friction constant and wear rate are totally different in material depending on the speeds and additionally material.

CFD Conjugate Analysis of a Jet-Impingement Configuration With Sudden Changes in Heating and Cooling Loads

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-S. Lee ◽  
T. I-P. Shih ◽  
K. M. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The temperature in a material could exceed the maximum allowable during transients when the heat load is suddenly increased despite a corresponding increase in cooling. This is because there is a time lag in the response of the material. Unsteady RANS based on the shear-stress transport model with conjugate analysis were used to study the unsteady heating and cooling of a superalloy flat plate with a thickness of 1 mm. The flat plate was initially at steady-state conditions, heated on one side by a constant heat flux of 10 W/cm2 and cooled on the other side by impingement of air jets such that the maximum temperature in the plate was just below 900 °C, where 900 °C was taken to be the maximum allowable material temperature. Suddenly, the heating load was increased from 10 W/cm2 to 68 W/cm2 with a corresponding increase in the cooling such that the maximum temperature in the plate remains just below 900 °C when steady state is reached. Results obtained show that though the maximum temperatures at the two steady states are just below 900 °C, the highest temperature in the material can exceed 900 °C by up to 14 seconds during the transient from one steady state to the other. Thus, the minimum cooling flow based on steady-state conditions are inadequate during the transient process if the sudden heating and cooling occurred simultaneously. However, if the increase in cooling preceded the sudden increase in heating by a sufficient amount of time (i.e., pre-cooling), then over temperature was found to not occur during the transient. This paper presents results that show the unsteady flow and heat transfer in the fluid phase and the transients in the solid phase with and without pre-cooling.

scholarly journals Variations in strain affect friction and microstructure evolution in copper under a reciprocating tribological load

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Becker ◽  
Katrin Schulz ◽  
Dennis Scherhaufer ◽  
Peter Gumbsch ◽  
Christian Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Frictional Contact ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Micro Milling ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Membrane Stiffness

Abstract The microstructure of the materials constituting a metallic frictional contact strongly influences tribological performance. Being able to tailor friction and wear is challenging due to the complex microstructure evolution associated with tribological loading. Here, we investigate the effect of the strain distribution on these processes. High-purity copper plates were morphologically surface textured with two parallel rectangles—referred to as membranes—over the entire sample length by micro-milling. By keeping the width of these membranes constant and only varying their height, reciprocating tribological loading against sapphire discs resulted in different elastic and plastic strains. Finite element simulations were carried out to evaluate the strain distribution in the membranes. It was found that the maximum elastic strain increases with decreasing membrane stiffness. The coefficient of friction decreases with increasing membrane aspect ratio. By analyzing the microstructure and local crystallographic orientation, we found that both show less change with decreasing membrane stiffness. Graphic abstract

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