Sodium Chloride Electrolyte Data at High Temperatures and Pressures

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Loutrel ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chloride Electrolyte ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

Electrolyte conductivities were measured and ion mobilities were calculated for use in applying the theoretical model for high rate Electrochemical Machining which was described in two other papers. The ions treated are Na+, Cl−, Fe++, and OH−. Mathematical models are derived to allow simple calculation of ion mobilities including the case where mixtures of ions are present. The effect of high temperatures (on the order of 200 deg C) and high pressures (on the order of 220 bars) is emphasized. The experimental apparatus used in making these measurements is also described.

High Rate Electrochemical Machining

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Loutrel ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Electrolyte Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Rate Limiting

This is the first of three papers on high rate Electrochemical Machining. Feed rate limiting mechanisms are discussed along with qualitative predictions. Methods of increasing feed rates are studied theoretically and experimentally. The use of high supply voltages (118 volts) high electrolyte pressures (330 bars (4800 psi)) and high flow velocities (192 M/sec) when machining iron in aqueous sodium chloride electrolyte led to feed rates of 10.8 cm/min (4.25 in/min). The following two papers will discuss a theoretical model of the ECM process and present high temperature and pressure electrolyte conductivity and ion mobility.

A Theoretical Model for High Rate Electrochemical Machining

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Loutrel ◽  
N. H. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Computer Solution ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Current Densities

A theoretical model for the process occurring in the cutting zone is developed. A computer solution to apply the model to an actual ECM situation is outlined. A simplified model and computer solution is described which can be used to predict machining parameters for complex geometries. For both models good correlation of experimental results is found in most cases. The application of classical electrochemistry to conditions where extreme current densities (5800 amps/cm2) are encountered is discussed.

Paper 2: Aspects of the Wear of Spinning Travellers: The Division of Heat at Rubbing Surfaces

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (12) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grosberg ◽  
J. Mølgaard
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ring Spinning ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

The wear of ring travellers is important because it prevents the use of higher production speeds in ring spinning. This wear is probably affected by the body temperature of the traveller and an analysis is quoted which shows that a factor which has a very large effect on the body temperature is the division of heat between the traveller and the ring. To investigate this an experimental apparatus has been constructed which effectively rotates the ring and keeps the traveller fixed. It is thereby possible to estimate the division of heat between the two surfaces and to estimate its effect on the rate of wear. The results of the experiments are still not conclusive but it has been shown that the pressure has a much more important effect on wear rate than does speed. The pressure also has a cumulative effect since it very drastically affects the division of heat between the two rubbing bodies so that high pressures and high temperatures are produced simultaneously.

Brillouin scattering study of liquid methane under high pressures and high temperatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 044503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Fangfei Li ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Chunli Ma ◽  
Liyin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Liquid Methane

scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures. —Part X. The co-volume corrections, maximum temperatures and dissociation of steam and carbon dioxide in explosions

1928 ◽  
Vol 119 (782) ◽  
pp. 464-480
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Explosion Method ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Very High

During the researches upon high-pressure explosions of carbonic oxide-air, hydrogen-air, etc., mixtures, which have been described in the previous papers of this series, a mass of data has been accumulated relating to the influence of density and temperature upon the internal energy of gases and the dissociation of steam and carbon dioxide. Some time ago, at Prof. Bone’s request, the author undertook a systematic survey of the data in question, and the present paper summarises some of the principal results thereof, which it is hoped will throw light upon problems interesting alike to chemists, physicists and internal-combustion engineers. The explosion method affords the only means known at present of determining the internal energies of gases at very high temperatures, and it has been used for this purpose for upwards of 50 years. Although by no means without difficulties, arising from uncertainties of some of the assumptions upon which it is based, yet, for want of a better, its results have been generally accepted as being at least provisionally valuable. Amongst the more recent investigations which have attracted attention in this connection should be mentioned those of Pier, Bjerrum, Siegel and Fenning, all of whom worked at low or medium pressures.

Measurements of the Static Friction Coefficient Between Tin Surfaces and Comparison to a Theoretical Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Ibrahim Dickey ◽  
Robert L. Jackson ◽  
George T. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Static Friction Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Rough Surface Contact

A new experimental apparatus is used to measure the static friction between tin surfaces under various loads. After the data is collected it is then compared to an existing theoretical model. The experiment uses the classical physics technique of increasing the incline of a plane and block until the block slides. The angle at the initiation of sliding is used to find the static friction coefficient. The experiment utilizes an automated apparatus to minimize human error. The finite element based statistical rough surface contact model for static friction under full stick by Li, Etsion, and Talke (2010, “Contact Area and Static Friction of Rough Surfaces with High Plasticity Index,” ASME Journal of Tribology, 132(3), p. 031401) is used to make predictions of the friction coefficient using surface profile data from the experiment. Comparison of the computational and experimental methods shows similar qualitative trends, and even some quantitative agreement. After adjusting the results for the possible effect of the native tin oxide film, the theoretical and experimental results can be brought into reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement.

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