Wear and Friction of Carbon Nanofiber-Reinforced HDPE Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbo Xu ◽  
Aydar Akchurin ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Weston Wood ◽  
X. W. Tangpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Silane Coating ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
New Applications

New applications of carbon-based materials have been continuously developed in recent years. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with silane coatings were added into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to improve the tribological properties of the nanocomposite material. The nanocomposites were fabricated with various weight percentages of carbon nanofibers (0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.% and 3 wt.%) that were treated with different silane coating thicknesses (2.8 nm and 46 nm) through melt-mixing and compressive processing. The wear and friction tests were performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer under phosphate buffered saline lubricated condition. Compared with the neat HDPE, the friction coefficients of the nanocomposites were reduced in all samples, yet only a couple of nanocomposite samples showed lower wear rates. Micro-hardness measurements of the nanocomposites were carried out and CNFs were found to be capable of increasing the material’s micro-hardness. The effects of concentration and silane coating thickness of CNFs on the tribological properties of the resulting nanocomposites were analyzed and the wear mechanisms of the HDPE/CNF nanocomposites were discussed.

Tribological Behavior of High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites With Silane Treated Carbon Nanofibers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbo Xu ◽  
Aydar Akchurin ◽  
X. W. Tangpong ◽  
Iskander S. Akhatov ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Silane Coating ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Treated Carbon ◽  
New Applications

New applications of carbon-based materials have been continuously developed in recent years. Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) with silane coatings were added into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to improve the tribological properties of the nanocomposite material for biomedical applications. The nanocomposites were fabricated with various weight percentages of carbon nanofibers (0.5%, 1%, 3%) that were treated with different silane coating thicknesses (2.8nm, 46nm) through melt-mixing and compressive processing. The wear and friction tests were performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer under phosphate buffered saline lubricated condition. Compared with the pure HDPE, the friction coefficients of the nanocomposites were reduced dramatically and their wear resistance properties were also improved. Micro-hardness measurements of the nanocomposites were carried out and CNFs were found to be capable of improving the material’s micro-hardness effectively. The effects of concentration and silane coating thickness of CNFs on the tribological properties of the resulting nanocomposites were analyzed and the wear mechanism of the CNF/HDPE nanocomposites was discussed.

Wear of Carbon Nanofiber Reinforced HDPE Nanocomposites Under Dry Sliding Condition

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbo Xu ◽  
Aydar Akchurin ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Weston Wood ◽  
X. W. Tangpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Silane Coating ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Bearing Materials

High density polyethylene (HDPE) is widely used as a bearing material in industrial application because of its low friction and high wear resistance properties. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced HDPE nanocomposites are promising materials for biomedical applications as well, such as being the bearing materials in total joint replacements. The main objective of the present study is to investigate how the wear of HDPE can be altered by the addition of either pristine or silane treated CNFs at different loading levels (0.5 wt. % and 3 wt. %). Two types of silane coating thicknesses, 2.8 nm and 46 nm, were applied on the surfaces of oxidized CNFs to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the CNFs and the matrix. The CNF/HDPE nanocomposites were prepared through melt mixing and hot-pressing. The coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear rates of the neat HDPE and CNF/HDPE nanocomposites were determined using a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry sliding conditions. The microstructures of the worn surfaces of the nanocomposites were characterized using both scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope to analyze their wear mechanisms. Compared with the neat HDPE, the COF of the nanocomposites were reduced. The nanocomposite reinforced with CNFs coated with the thicker silane coating (46 nm) at 0.5 wt. % loading level was found to yield the highest wear resistance with a wear rate reduction of nearly 68% compared to the neat HDPE.

Comparison of Tribological Performances of High Density Polyethylene Enhanced With Carbon Nanofibers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbo Xu ◽  
Aydar Akchurin ◽  
X. W. Tangpong ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Weston Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Silane Coating ◽  
Bearing Materials

High density polyethylene (HDPE) is widely used as bearing material in industrial application because of its low friction and high wear resistance properties. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced HDPE nanocomposites are promising materials for biomedical applications as well, such as being the bearing materials in total joint replacements. The main objective of the present study is to investigate how the wear of HDPE can be altered by the addition of either pristine or silane treated CNFs at different loading levels (0.5 wt.% and 3 wt.%). Two types of silane coating thicknesses, 2.8 nm and 46 nm, were applied on the surfaces of oxidized CNFs to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the CNFs and the matrix. The CNF/HDPE nanocomposites were prepared through melt mixing and hot-pressing. The coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear rates of the neat HDPE and CNF/HDPE nanocomposites were determined using a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry sliding conditions. The microstructures of the worn surfaces of the nanocomposites were characterized using both scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope to analyze their wear mechanisms. Compared with the neat HDPE, the COF of the nanocomposites were reduced. The nanocomposite reinforced with CNFs coated with the thicker silane coating (46 nm) at 0.5 wt.% loading level was found to yield the highest wear resistance with a wear rate reduction of nearly 68% compared to the neat HDPE.

Sliding Wear and Friction Properties of Stitched RTM Base Carbon–Carbon Composites

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Surappa ◽  
Kunigal N. Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Rtm Process ◽  
Composite Fabrication ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents wear and friction properties of carbon-carbon composites (CCC) manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) process. During composite fabrication thickness stitching was employed to improve inter laminar tension and shear properties. Wear and Friction characteristics of carbon-carbon composites were evaluated using pin-on-disc set up. Results of test indicate that surface of composites having stitches in a perpendicular direction show increase in wear rates with increase in load.

Effect of MoS2 on the tribological properties of carbon fabric composites under wet conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehua Qi ◽  
Guangzhen Pan ◽  
Yewei Fu ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xianghui Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Wear And Friction

Carbon fabric reinforced phenolic composites are very attractive for use as friction materials under wet conditions due to their excellent self-lubricity, wear resistance, and high mechanical strength. However, brittle fracture of carbon fabric bundles during friction is one of the major problems that limit their application. In this work, MoS2 particles were used as additives and friction modifiers to improve the wear and friction behaviors. The composites containing different amounts of MoS2 particulates (0–20 wt%) were fabricated by impregnation technique. The influence of MoS2 on the tribological properties under oil-lubricated conditions has been studied systematically. The experimental results revealed that tribological characteristics such as coefficient of friction and wear resistance were changed significantly with the relative amount of MoS2. Addition of MoS2 within 15 wt% was found to decrease the wear rates of the composites, while 20 wt% MoS2-filled composites exhibited highest wear rate compared to other test samples. Increasing MoS2 content resulted in a rise in the wear rate of the counterparts. Wear mechanisms had been investigated by scanning electron microscope, which could support the observed wear performance.

EFFECT OF WATER AS LUBRICANT ON FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF CGRP COMPOSITE EVALUATED BY POD AND BOR TECHNIQUES

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. YOUSIF ◽  
N. S. M. EL-TAYEB
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Friction Performance

In the current decade, introducing water as a lubricant for tribo-engineering materials has become a concern for many researchers. In the present study, the wear and friction characteristics of a polyester (CGRP) composite reinforced with a chopped glass mat (CSM) 450 g/m2 was investigated under dry and wet conditions against a polished, stainless steel counterface. Two techniques known as Pin on Disc (POD) and Block on Ring (BOR) were used to perform the experimental tests. The tests were conducted on a newly developed machine that could carry out both techniques. The effects of the applied load (30, 50, 70, 100 N ), sliding velocity (2.8 and 3.9 m/s), and test duration (5–30 min) on wear rates and the coefficients of friction were investigated. Under dry conditions, the temperature of the interface was measured with an infrared thermometer. Worn surface morphologies of the composite were observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and damage features were characterized. The results showed that the test technique and conditions had significant influences on the wear and friction performance of the CGRP composite. The presence of water as a lubricant enhanced the wear and friction characteristics of the composite as determined by both POD and BOR, and the SEM micrographs demonstrated several damage features under dry/wet conditions, e.g., deformation, as well as fiber peeling, cracking, and cutting.

A Study of Tribological Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide Composities Reinforced with CNT and CNF

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 872-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo ◽  
Huan Qin Zhu ◽  
Yuan Bao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk

The tribological properties of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites reinforced with carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) were studied. Sliding tests in a pin-on-disk configuration were used to study the tribological properties. The wear rate of reinforced composites in the early part of sliding was lower than that of PPS but over extended sliding the reinforcement was not effective in reducing the wear rate. The coefficient of friction was not greatly affected by the presence of CNF and CNT. The lack of transition from run-in to steady state wear was attributed to the increased wear rates of PPS composites.

Effects of MoS2 on Tribological Properties and Mechanically Mixed Layer of Al Matrix Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Ming Chen ◽  
Jun Xi Zhang ◽  
Ze Fen Liang ◽  
Xiang Bin Yi ◽  
Zheng Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Mechanically Mixed Layer ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Al Matrix Composites ◽  
Al Matrix

Al matrix composites containing MoS2 at weight fractions in the range of 0%, 3%, 10%, were fabricated by hot press method, respectively. The effect of MoS2 on tribological properties and mechanically mixed layer of Al matrix composites were investigated on a pin-on-disc tester at load of 20~50N and sliding speed of 0.23~0.69m/s. Worn surfaces and mechanically mixed layer of composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Results indicate that the hardness and compression strength of composite with 3% content of MoS2 has a little higher than that of composite with 0% content of MoS2, but the hardness and compression strength of composite with 10% content of MoS2 were dropped sharply. With the increase of MoS2 content, the composite with 10%MoS2 has a low and stable coefficient at load of 30~50N. The wear rate of composite with 10%MoS2 at load of 50N and sliding speed of 0.69m/s has a sharp increase and there wasn’t mechanically mixed layer(MML) present; the composites at load of 30N and sliding speed of 0.69m/s have low and stable wear rates and there were MML present with wavy shape across entire wear track.

The Effects of Micro-Hardness of Cu Based Friction Materials to Wear Rates and the Wear Rates Ratio of the Pair and the Friction Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Bai Ming Chen ◽  
Hua Li Yu ◽  
Liang An ◽  
Zheng Yu Zhang ◽  
Ming Xu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Sintering Method ◽  
Ti Content

The four kinds of Cu based friction materials with different micro-hardness were fabricated by sintering method, the Ti content of four kinds of Cu based friction material is 8%, 12%, 16% and 20%, respectively. The tribological properties were carried out on ring-to-block tester. The results show that the wear rates and the wear rates ratio of the pair and the friction material with lower micro-hardness were lower than that of friction material with higher micro-hardness, and lower wear rates ratio of pair and friction materials (WRRPF) is very helpful for protecting pair of friction materials.

Cytocompatibility of Carbon Nanofiber Materials for Neural Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael C. Waid ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Poly Carbonate

AbstractSince the cytocompatibility of carbon nanofibers with respect to neural applications remains largely uninvestigated, the objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers. Carbon fiber substrates were prepared from four different types of carbon fibers, two with nanoscale diameters (nanophase, or less than or equal to 100 nm) and two with conventional diameters (or greater than 200 nm). Within these two categories, both a high and a low surface energy fiber were investigated and tested. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) and pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12; neuronal-like cells) were seeded separately onto the substrates. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered on the carbon fiber that had the largest diameter and the lowest surface energy. PC-12 cells exhibited the most neurites on the carbon fiber with nanodimensions and low surface energy. These results may indicate that PC-12 cells prefer nanoscale carbon fibers while astrocytes prefer conventional scale fibers. A composite was formed from poly-carbonate urethane and the 60 nm carbon fiber. Composite substrates were thus formed using different weight percentages of this fiber in the polymer matrix. Increased astrocyte adherence and PC-12 neurite density corresponded to decreasing amounts of the carbon nanofibers in the poly-carbonate urethane matrices. Controlling carbon fiber diameter may be an approach for increasing implant contact with neurons and decreasing scar tissue formation.

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