EFFECT OF WATER AS LUBRICANT ON FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF CGRP COMPOSITE EVALUATED BY POD AND BOR TECHNIQUES

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. YOUSIF ◽  
N. S. M. EL-TAYEB
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Friction Performance

In the current decade, introducing water as a lubricant for tribo-engineering materials has become a concern for many researchers. In the present study, the wear and friction characteristics of a polyester (CGRP) composite reinforced with a chopped glass mat (CSM) 450 g/m2 was investigated under dry and wet conditions against a polished, stainless steel counterface. Two techniques known as Pin on Disc (POD) and Block on Ring (BOR) were used to perform the experimental tests. The tests were conducted on a newly developed machine that could carry out both techniques. The effects of the applied load (30, 50, 70, 100 N ), sliding velocity (2.8 and 3.9 m/s), and test duration (5–30 min) on wear rates and the coefficients of friction were investigated. Under dry conditions, the temperature of the interface was measured with an infrared thermometer. Worn surface morphologies of the composite were observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and damage features were characterized. The results showed that the test technique and conditions had significant influences on the wear and friction performance of the CGRP composite. The presence of water as a lubricant enhanced the wear and friction characteristics of the composite as determined by both POD and BOR, and the SEM micrographs demonstrated several damage features under dry/wet conditions, e.g., deformation, as well as fiber peeling, cracking, and cutting.

Sliding Wear and Friction Properties of Stitched RTM Base Carbon–Carbon Composites

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Surappa ◽  
Kunigal N. Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Rtm Process ◽  
Composite Fabrication ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents wear and friction properties of carbon-carbon composites (CCC) manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) process. During composite fabrication thickness stitching was employed to improve inter laminar tension and shear properties. Wear and Friction characteristics of carbon-carbon composites were evaluated using pin-on-disc set up. Results of test indicate that surface of composites having stitches in a perpendicular direction show increase in wear rates with increase in load.

Tribologische Charakterisierung von Polymerfasern unter Trockenreibung, Mischreibung und Hydrodynamik mittels einer optimierten Pin-on-Disc-Prüfmethode

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Schmitz ◽  
Frank Haupert ◽  
Justus Rüthing ◽  
Michael Sigrüner ◽  
Nicole Strübbe
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Material ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Line Load ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
Pin On Disc

Based on the conventional pin-on-disc test method, a tribology test rig was adapted and optimized regarding its ability to characterize polymer fibers. The method is explained and first applications in the field of tribological characterization of single fibers are presented. The test sequence to investigate the polymer fibers (diameters of only a few 100 µm) is generated in such a way that data can be recorded continuously as a function of time in the wear range from a few 10 µm to several 100 µm even during the first few minutes. The test mode starts by applying line load and dynamically progresses to area load by changing the contact area during the measurement. It is shown that single fibers can be characterized with respect to their friction and wear properties in different tribological systems. The dependence of the wear rates of fiber material, surface roughness of the counter bodies and lubrication rates is presented.

scholarly journals Friction-Induced Martensitic Transformation and Wear Properties of Stainless Steel under Dry and Wet Conditions

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Seok Lee ◽  
Yuta Kondo ◽  
Mitsuhiro Okayasu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Liquid Lubricant ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions ◽  
Wear Tests

The wear characteristics of SUS304 and SUS316 stainless steels were evaluated at the rotation speeds of 100 m/s, 200 m/s, and 300 m/s under dry and wet conditions. The transition of friction-induced martensite occurred in wear-affected regions of two materials, regardless of the wear test conditions. The specific wear rates (Ws) of both stainless steels increase with increasing rotation speeds, regardless of the circumstances. Moreover, Ws of SUS304 and SUS316, obtained under dry conditions, is significantly higher than that of SUS304 and SUS316 obtained under wet conditions, respectively. This is because that the water film on the wet ring can act as a liquid lubricant between the ring and the block during the tests. After the wear tests, the hardness changes of both SUS304 and SUS316 are much higher under dry conditions, compared to those under wet conditions.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of PTFE Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
T. Nagaraju ◽  
K.S. Abhinanadhan ◽  
C. Anilkumar ◽  
S. Sathyanarayan
Keyword(s):  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Test Result

The present work is aimed to experimentally determine the mechanical properties such as Rockwell Hardness Number (RHN), tensile strength and two parameters of Weibull distribution curve (i.e. Weibull shape and characteristic life parameters) of fatigue life for the Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) material. The ultimate stress of PTFE specimen is determined using tensometer and its shape parameter and characteristic life are determined from rotary test bending machine. The PTFE specimen is also tested for wear and friction performance on pin-on-disc test rig. Based on the hardness test, RHN of PTFE was found to be 57 and its ultimate engineering stress was observed to be 20.5N/mm2. The Weibull shape parameter and characteristic life of PTFE specimen were observed to be 13.33 and 6734.5 cycles respectively. From the wear test result the sliding speed was found to have maximum influence on wear volume followed by sliding distance where as the load has least influence. .

Effects of Different Types of Crosslinking of Epoxidized Natural Rubber in Semi-Metallic Friction Materials on Friction Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
A. Almaslow ◽  
Chantara Thevy Ratnam ◽  
M.J. Ghazali ◽  
R.J. Talib ◽  
C.H. Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Metallic Friction

Semi-metallic friction composites (SMFC) consist of epoxidised natural rubber with 50 mol % epoxidation (ENR50), alumina nanoparticle, steel wool, graphite and benzoxazine were prepared by melt mixing using Haake internal mixer at 90°C and 60 rpm rotor speed. The composites were vulcanized using different crosslinking systems, namely, sulfur and electron beam (EB) crosslinking. The samples were subjected for friction test in order to determine friction and wear properties of SMFC. The friction–wear properties of the SMFC crosslinked by electron beam irradiation and sulfur vulcanization system were compared. The friction coefficient in normal and hot condition of irradiated SMFC were higher than those of sulphur vulcanized samples at all applied doses. On the other hand the specific wear rates of irradiated samples were lower than the sulfur vulcanized samples at all applied doses. The sample crosslinked by EB irradiation at 150 kGy dose found to exhibit the best tribological property, as evident from the higher friction coefficient (about 0.461) and lower wear achieved at 150 kGy irradiation as compared to sulphur vulcanization of the SMFC.

Friction and wear behaviour of Fe-Cu-C based self lubricating material with CaF2 as solid lubricant

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mohan Sharma ◽  
Ankush Anand
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of CaF2 (calcium fluoride) addition as a solid lubricant on the friction and wear behaviour of sintered Fe-Cu-C materials under different loads. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the effects of CaF2 added in varying weight percentages on the friction-wear properties of Fe-2Cu-0.8C alloys are investigated. Five Fe-2Cu-0.8C-based compositions comprising CaF2 in 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Wt.% were prepared using the single-stage compaction and sintering technique. Friction coefficient, wear loss, hardness and compressive strength of the specimens were measured. The worn-out surfaces were analysed using a scanning electron microscope. Friction and wear tests were carried out on pin-on-disc machine under dry sliding conditions at room temperature. Findings The alloy with 3 Wt.% CaF2 was found to be useful in improving wear and friction properties, whereas higher contents of CaF2 resulted in increased wear and friction. Apart from enhanced tribological properties, a slight decrease in the compressive strength was also observed in the 3-Wt.%-CaF2-added sample. Adhesion and abrasion were the prominent wear types observed during this study. Originality/value A new self-lubricating composite is developed where CaF2 is used as a solid lubricant in a Fe-Cu-C-based matrix. CaF2, being a high-temperature lubricant, is tried and tested for friction and wear at room temperature, and the results show that the addition of CaF2 in Fe-Cu-C improved its friction and wear properties. Thus, the developed material can be used for antifriction applications.

Effects of Lubricants on the Friction and Wear Properties of PTFE and POM

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib S. Benabdallah ◽  
Jianjun J. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
Transfer Film ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties

The friction and wear properties of PTFE and POM were investigated using a ball-on-steel ring tester under dry conditions and conditions lubricated by paraffin and 10W-30 oils. SEM, EDAX, FT-IR and surface wettability techniques were used to characterize and assess the morphology and chemical composition of the original surfaces as well as wear track, transfer film and wear debris for different loads and speeds. Although the friction was high, similar behaviours to those reported were observed. The experimentally determined surface temperature of the plastic revealed optimum loading levels for each sliding speed at which the friction and wear rates become minimal and the thermal effect stabilizes. In boundary-like lubrication using both oils, friction and wear were significantly reduced with the exception of an increase in wear rate with load when POM was lubricated with 10W-30 oil. Surface analysis revealed that the formation of lubricious protective layers on the surfaces in contact is crucial to reducing friction and more importantly wear. FT-IR results confirmed that film transfer occurs in the case of POM.

Study on Wear and Friction Resistance of CrTiAlMoN Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

2011 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Guo Jun Zhang ◽  
Bai Ling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Steel Substrates

The present research aims to synthesize a nanoscale multilayer CrTiAlMoN hard coating for the modification of wear and friction performance, as compare to CrTiAlN coatings. CrTiAlMoN coatings were deposited on 1045 carbon steel substrates by magnetron sputtering at different Mo target current. The wear and friction resistance were characterized by pin-on-disc test. When a WC-Co ball was used as the counterpart, the coefficients of friction of CrTiAlMoN coatings were found to decrease with the increase of Mo target current, with the lowest value (0.34) being only one half that of CrTiAlN coating (0.76). The combination of high hardness above 36GPa and low coefficients of friction reduces the specific wear rate of the CrTiAlMoN coatings to only 10% of CrTiAlN coatings. When tested against a bearing steel ball, results demonstrate that the effect of Mo on reducing friction of the CrTiAlMoN coatings is not significant and even negative due to adhesive wear.

Wear and Friction of Carbon Nanofiber-Reinforced HDPE Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbo Xu ◽  
Aydar Akchurin ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Weston Wood ◽  
X. W. Tangpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Silane Coating ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
New Applications

New applications of carbon-based materials have been continuously developed in recent years. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with silane coatings were added into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to improve the tribological properties of the nanocomposite material. The nanocomposites were fabricated with various weight percentages of carbon nanofibers (0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.% and 3 wt.%) that were treated with different silane coating thicknesses (2.8 nm and 46 nm) through melt-mixing and compressive processing. The wear and friction tests were performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer under phosphate buffered saline lubricated condition. Compared with the neat HDPE, the friction coefficients of the nanocomposites were reduced in all samples, yet only a couple of nanocomposite samples showed lower wear rates. Micro-hardness measurements of the nanocomposites were carried out and CNFs were found to be capable of increasing the material’s micro-hardness. The effects of concentration and silane coating thickness of CNFs on the tribological properties of the resulting nanocomposites were analyzed and the wear mechanisms of the HDPE/CNF nanocomposites were discussed.

Effect of fiber type, fiber content, and compatibilizer on two-body abrasive wear performance of HDPE matrix composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 2743-2760
Author(s):  
Soner Savaş ◽  
Nurlan Gurbanov ◽  
Mehmet Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Pin On Disc

This study puts forth the synergistic effect of fiber concentration and maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA) compatibilization on the abrasive wear properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Composites including carbon, basalt, jute and coconut short fibers with different weight ratios were processed by melt blending and then tested by using a pin-on-disc abrasive wear tester in dry sliding conditions. The test rig was also equipped with a vacuum system, for the first time, to promote two-body abrasive wear of the composites by reducing the wear debris which may be trapped in the wear track and alter the wear properties. In addition, fiber and coupling agent concentrations and test parameters were investigated using L16 full-factorial experimental design and the relationships between these parameters and wear behaviors of the composites were analyzed on the basis of the findings. This work clearly shows that high rigidity obtained by fiber contribution was not beneficial from the abrasive wear resistance point of view, due to repeated plowing effect of the counterpart material under the test conditions. Nevertheless, basalt fiber-reinforced composites showed higher wear resistance than other composites. Except for coconut fibers, PE-g-MA exhibited good miscibility between fibers and matrix, and thus an enhancing effect on the hardness values, and also wear resistance of the samples. Briefly, the rigidity and miscibility of the composites were found in balance for optimum wear rates.

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