Preliminary Investigation of Direct Injection Neat n-Butanol in a Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanori Yanai ◽  
Xiaoye Han ◽  
Graham T. Reader ◽  
Ming Zheng ◽  
Jimi Tjong
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Rise Rate

The characteristics of combustion, emissions, and thermal efficiency of a diesel engine with direct injection (DI) neat n-butanol were investigated. The engine ran at a load of 6.5–8.0 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) at 1500 rpm engine speed and the injection pressure was controlled to 900 bar. The intake boost pressure, injection timing, and EGR rate were adjusted to investigate the engine performance. The tests demonstrated that neat n-butanol had the potential to achieve ultralow emissions. However, challenges related to reducing the pressure rise rate and improving the ignition controllability were identified.

Preliminary Investigation of Direct Injection Neat n-Butanol in a Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanori Yanai ◽  
Xiaoye Han ◽  
Graham T. Reader ◽  
Ming Zheng ◽  
Jimi Tjong
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise Rate ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Short Period

The characteristics of combustion, emissions, and thermal efficiency of a diesel engine with direct injection neat n-butanol were investigated. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder water-cooled four stroke direct injection diesel engine. The engine ran at a load of 6.5 ∼ 8.0 bar IMEP at 1500 rpm engine speed and the injection pressure was controlled to 900 bar. The intake boost pressure, injection timing and EGR rate were adjusted to investigate the engine performance. The test results showed that significantly longer ignition delays were possible when using butanol compared to diesel fuel. Butanol usage generally led to a rapid heat release in a short period, resulting in excessively high pressure rise rate. The pressure rise rate was reduced by retarding the injection timing. The butanol injection timing was limited by misfire and pressure rise rate. Thus, the ignition timing controllable window by injection timing was much narrower than that of diesel. The neat butanol combustion produced near zero soot and very low NOx emissions even at low EGR rate. The tests demonstrated that neat butanol had the potential to achieve ultra-low emissions. However, challenges related to reducing the pressure rise rate and improving the ignition controllability were identified.

Injection Timing Variation and its Influence on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics on a Direct Injection CI Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hariram ◽  
S. Seralathan ◽  
M. Rajasekaran ◽  
G. John
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
And Performance

The present experimental investigation aims at improving the combustion and performance parameters by varying the injection timing. A 3.5 kW single cylinder stationary CI engine equipped with eddy current dynamometer is used in this investigation. The static injection timing is varied using spill method by an advancement and retirement of 2 CAD with respect to standard injection timing of 23 BTDC. On comparison with the standard injection timing, the brake thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, mean gas temperature and rate of pressure rise are found to increase along with a significant decrease in brake specific fuel consumption for an advanced injection timing of 21 BTDC. Negative improvement is observed with respect to retarded injection timing of 25 BTDC. Optimum parameters for enhanced engine performance is found to be 21 BTDC injection timing with a 200 bar injection pressure at rated speed.

Empirical Study of Simultaneously Low NOx and Soot Combustion With Diesel and Ethanol Fuels in Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Han ◽  
Kelvin Xie ◽  
Jimi Tjong ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Soot Emissions

Diesel low temperature combustion (LTC) is capable of producing diesel-like efficiency while emitting ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions. Previous work indicates that well-controlled single-shot injection with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an operative way of achieving diesel LTC from low to mid engine loads. However, as the engine load is increased, demanding intake boost and injection pressure are necessary to suppress high soot emissions during the transition to LTC. The use of volatile fuels such as ethanol is deemed capable of promoting the cylinder charge homogeneity, which helps to overcome the high soot challenge and, thus, potentially expand the engine LTC load range. In this work, LTC investigations were carried out on a high compression ratio (18.2:1) engine. Engine tests were first conducted with diesel and LTC operation at 8 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) was enabled by sophisticated control of the injection pressure, injection timing, intake boost, and EGR application. The engine performance was characterized as the baseline, and the challenges were identified. Further tests were aimed to improve the engine performance against these baseline results. Experiments were, hence, conducted on the same engine with secondary ethanol port fuelling (PF). Single-shot diesel direct injection (DI) was applied close to top dead center (TDC) to ignite the ethanol and control the combustion phasing. The control sensitivity was studied through injection timing sweeps and EGR sweeps. Additional tests were performed to investigate the ethanol-to-diesel ratio effects on the mixture reactivity and the engine emissions. Engine load was also raised to 16.4 bar IMEP while keeping the simultaneously low NOx and soot emissions. Significant improvement of engine control and emissions was achieved by the DI+PF strategy.

Empirical Study of Simultaneously Low NOx and Soot Combustion With Diesel and Ethanol Fuels in Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Han ◽  
Tongyang Gao ◽  
Usman Asad ◽  
Kelvin Xie ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Soot Emissions

Diesel low temperature combustion (LTC) is capable of producing diesel-like efficiency while emitting ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions. Previous work indicates that well controlled single-shot injection with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an operative way of achieving diesel LTC from low to mid engine loads. However, as the engine load is increased, demanding intake boost and injection pressure are necessary to suppress high soot emissions during the transition to LTC. The use of volatile fuels such as ethanol are deemed capable of promoting the cylinder charge homogeneity, which helps to overcome the high soot challenge and thus potentially expand the engine LTC load range. In this work, LTC investigations have been carried out on a high compression ratio (18.2:1) engine. The engine was firstly fuelled with diesel, and LTC operation at 8 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) was enabled by sophisticated control of the injection pressure, injection timing, intake boost and EGR application. The engine performance was characterized as the baseline, and the challenges were identified. Further tests were aimed to improve the engine performance against these baseline results. Experiments were hence conducted on the same engine with secondary ethanol port injection (PI). Single-shot diesel direct injection (DI) was applied close to top dead center (TDC) to ignite the ethanol and control the combustion phasing. The control sensitivity has been studied through injection timing sweeps and EGR sweeps. Additional tests were performed to investigate the ethanol-to-diesel ratio effects on the mixture reactivity and the engine emissions. Engine load was also raised to 10 bar IMEP while keeping the simultaneously low NOx and soot emissions. Significant improvement of engine control and emissions was achieved by the DI+PI strategy.

Direct Injection Diesel Engine Performance Improvement and Emission Control using Boost Pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Senthil ◽  
R. Silambarasan ◽  
G. Pranesh
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Exhaust

The present investigation is to analyse the influence of boost pressure and injection pressure on combustion process and emissions for various engine loads and speeds. A single cylinder diesel engine that is equipped with a manual direct injection system is considered for the experimental work. Emissions such as HC, NOx and brake specific fuel consumption were monitored using gas analyzer. A turbocharger and dilution tunnel is designed such a way that a boost pressure will be created from the compressor driven turbine using engine exhaust. The compressed air was mixed with the exhaust gas in the dilution tunnel to oxidize the hydrogen and carbon into water vapour and carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of diesel - Jatropha methyl ester blends fueled diesel engine at optimum engine operating parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkatraman ◽  
G. Devaradjane
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuel

In the present investigation, tests were carried out to determine engine performance, combustion and emissions of a naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel and Jatropha Methyl ester and their blends (JME10, JME20 and JME30). Comparison of performance and emission was done for different values of compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing to find best possible combination for operating engine with JME. It is found that the combined compression ratio of 19:1, injection pressure of 240 bar and injection timing of 27?bTDC increases the BTHE and reduces BSFC while having lower emissions.From the investigation, it is concluded that the both performance and emissions can considerably improved for Methyl ester of jatropha oil blended fuel JME20 compared to diesel.

scholarly journals Influence of Ultra Injection Pressure with Dynamic Injection Timing on CRDI Engine Performance Using Simarouba Biodiesel Blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5748-5759
Author(s):  
Srinath Pai ◽  
Abdul Sharief ◽  
Shiva Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Smoke Opacity

A single cylinder diesel engine upgraded to operate Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) system and employed in this investigation. Tests were conducted on this engine using High-Speed diesel (HSD) and Simarouba biodiesel (SOME) blends to determine the influence of Injection Pressure (IP) and Injection Timing (IT) on the performance and emissions. Four unique IP of 400 bar to 1000 bar, in steps of 200 bar and four differing ITs of 10°, 13°, 15° and 18° before Top Dead Center (bTDC) combinations were attempted for the 25% to full load. Compression Ratio (CR) of 16.5 and Engine speed of 1500 RPM was kept constant during all trails. Critical performance parameter like Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) were analyzed, primary emission parameters of the diesel engine The NOx and Smoke opacity were recorded. Finally, the outcomes of each combination were discussed.

scholarly journals Modification of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine in Improving the Ignitability and Emissions of Diesel–Ethanol–Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blends

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Mat Taib ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Injection Strategies

Blending diesel with biofuels, such as ethanol and palm oil methyl ester (PME), enhances the fuel properties and produces improved engine performance and low emissions. However, the presence of ethanol, which has a small cetane number and low heating value, reduces the fuel ignitability. This work aimed to study the effect of injection strategies, compression ratio (CR), and air intake temperature (Ti) modification on blend ignitability, combustion characteristics, and emissions. Moreover, the best composition of diesel–ethanol–PME blends and engine modification was selected. A simulation was also conducted using Converge CFD software based on a single-cylinder direct injection compression ignition Yanmar TF90 engine parameter. Diesel–ethanol–PME blends that consist of 10% ethanol with 40% PME (D50E10B40), D50E25B25, and D50E40B10 were selected and conducted on different injection strategies, compression ratios, and intake temperatures. The results show that shortening the injection duration and increasing the injected mass has no significant effect on ignition. Meanwhile, advancing the injection timing improves the ignitability but with weak ignition energy. Therefore, increasing the compression ratio and ambient temperature helps ignite the non-combustible blends due to the high temperature and pressure. This modification allowed the mixture to ignite with a minimum CR of 20 and Ti of 350 K. Thus, blending high ethanol contents in a diesel engine can be applied by advancing the injection, increasing the CR, and increasing the ambient temperature. From the emission comparison, the most suitable mixtures that can be operated in the engine without modification is D50E25B25, and the most appropriate modification on the engine is by increasing the ambient temperature at 350 K.

Characterization of the Nonroad Modified Diesel Engine Using a Novel Entropy-VIKOR Approach: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Dilip Sharma ◽  
Shyam Lal Soni ◽  
Amit Jhalani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Continuous Increase

Excessive use of diesel engines and continuous increase in environmental pollution has drawn the attention of researchers in the area of the compression ignition engine. In this research article, an innovative investigation of the nonroad modified diesel engine is reported with the effective use of the hybrid Entropy-VIKOR approach. Hence, it becomes necessary to prioritize and optimize the performance defining criteria, which provides higher BTE along with lower emission simultaneously. The engine load, injection timing (Inj Tim), injection pressure (Inj Pre), and compression ratio (Com R) were selected as engine operating parameters for experimentation at the constant speed of 1500 rpm engine. The effect on engine performance parameters (BTE and BSEC) and emission (carbon monoxide (CO), total oxide of carbon (TOC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke) was studied experimentally. The optimum results were observed at load 10.32 kg, Inj Tim 20 deg btdc, Inj Pre 210 bar, and Com R 21:1 at which highest BTE of 22.24% and lowest BSEC of 16,188.5 kJ/kWh were obtained. Hybrid entropy-VIKOR approach was applied to establish the optimum ranking of the nonroad modified diesel engine. The experimental results and numerical simulation show that optimizing the engine operating parameters using the entropy-VIKOR multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique is applicable.

Parameter optimization of a diesel engine to reduce noise, fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions using response surface methodology

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Win ◽  
R P Gakkhar ◽  
S C Jain ◽  
M Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Test Engine

The conflicting effects of the operating parameters and the injection parameter (injection timing) on engine performance and environmental pollution factors is studied in this paper. As an optimization objective, a 3.5 kW small direct injection diesel engine was used as the test engine, and its speed, load, and static injection timing were varied as per 4 × 4 × 3 full factorial design array. Radiated engine noise, smoke level, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides were captured for all test runs. Objective functions relating input and output parameters were obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). Parameter optimization was carried out to control output responses under their mean limit using multi-objective goal programming and minimax programming optimization techniques.

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