Hydrogen Uptake, Tensile, and Fatigue Properties of a Barrier-Coated, Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steel With Exposure to High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Yamabe ◽  
Saburo Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Trapping ◽  
Pressure Cycle

Abstract Hydrogen uptake, tensile, and fatigue properties of a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel with a newly developed coating (alumina/aluminum/Fe–Al) were presented. The developed coating had an excellent resistance to hydrogen entry in 100-MPa hydrogen gas at 270 °C. Measurements of bulk and local hydrogen by thermal desorption analysis and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) suggested that the excellent resistance was attributed to the reduction in permeation areas by interfacial hydrogen trapping between the aluminum and Fe–Al layers. Tensile tests of a smooth, round-bar specimen, and fatigue tests of a circumferentially notched specimen after exposure to 100-MPa hydrogen gas at 270 °C were performed in air at room temperature (RT). These properties of the coated specimens were not degraded by hydrogen exposure, whereas those of the noncoated specimens were significantly degraded. Hydrogen-pressure cycle tests of coated, tubular specimens with an inner notch in 95-MPa hydrogen gas at 85 °C also demonstrated that the fatigue life was improved by the coating.

Hydrogen-Assisted Degradation of High-Strength Stainless Steel With a Newly Developed Aluminum-Based Coating in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Yamabe ◽  
Tohru Awane ◽  
Osamu Takakuwa ◽  
Saburo Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Trapping ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusivity ◽  
Effective Hydrogen

The paper presents the hydrogen-entry, tensile, and fatigue properties of a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel, JIS-SUS630, with a newly developed coating, whose thickness ranges from 10 to 20 μm. The newly developed coating consists of alumina, aluminum, and ferroaluminum, and has an excellent resistance to hydrogen entry in 100-MPa hydrogen gas at 270°C. The hydrogen entry in the coated specimen occurred under a diffusion-controlled process and the effective hydrogen diffusivity was approximately one thousandth of that of the base steel. Although the hydrogen diffusivity of JIS-SUS630 was two orders of magnitude larger than that of JIS-SUS304, the effective hydrogen diffusivity of the coated JIS-SUS630 was nearly equal to that of the coated SUS304. In our previous study with secondary-mass ion spectroscopy (SIMS), the coating’s excellent resistance to hydrogen entry was attributed to interfacial hydrogen trapping between the aluminum and ferroaluminum layers. The experimental result obtained in this study suggested that the excellent resistance to hydrogen entry demonstrated by the developed coating can be attributed to the reduction in the permeation area induced by the interfacial trapping of hydrogen. The tensile tests of a smooth, round-bar specimen and fatigue tests of a circumferentially notched specimen with exposure to 100-MPa hydrogen gas at 270°C were performed in air at room temperature (RT). The test results showed that the tensile and fatigue properties of the coated specimens were not degraded by hydrogen exposure, whereas those for the non-coated specimens were significantly degraded. Hydrogen-pressure cycle tests of the coated, tubular specimens with an inner notch were also carried out with 95-MPa hydrogen gas at 85°C, demonstrating that the fatigue life of the tubular specimen was improved by the developed coating.

Fatigue Lives of a Ferritic Stainless Steel Containing Deformation Twins

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Taniguchi ◽  
Yoshihisa Kaneko ◽  
Satoshi Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Twin Boundary ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Dislocation Structure ◽  
Deformation Twin ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Deformation Twins

The fatigue properties of ferritic stainless steel containing deformation twins were investigated. Monotonic tensile tests and push-pull fatigue tests were conducted on the specimens both with and without twins. Fatigue lives of the twinned specimens were about four times shorter than those without the deformation twins, although yield stresses of both specimens were almost equal. It was found that the fatigue cracking along the deformation twin boundaries caused the reduction in fatigue life. Dislocation structure observation using the ECCI method revealed that no specific dislocation structure was formed near the cracked deformation twin boundary, although the ladder-like PSB structure was developed along an annealing twin boundary in an austenitic stainless steel.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Pressure Dependent Hydrogen Solubility in a Martensitic Stainless Steel Using a Thermal Agile Tubular Autoclave and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Patrick Fayek ◽  
Sebastian Esser ◽  
Vanessa Quiroz ◽  
Chong Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
Hydrogen Solubility ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Service Application

Hydrogen is nowadays in focus as an energy carrier that is locally emission free. Especially in combination with fuel-cells, hydrogen offers the possibility of a CO2 neutral mobility, provided that the hydrogen is produced with renewable energy. Structural parts of automotive components are often made of steel, but unfortunately they may show degradation of the mechanical properties when in contact with hydrogen. Under certain service conditions, hydrogen uptake into the applied material can occur. To ensure a safe operation of automotive components, it is therefore necessary to investigate the time, temperature and pressure dependent hydrogen uptake of certain steels, e.g., to deduct suitable testing concepts that also consider a long term service application. To investigate the material dependent hydrogen uptake, a tubular autoclave was set-up. The underlying paper describes the set-up of this autoclave that can be pressurised up to 20 MPa at room temperature and can be heated up to a temperature of 250 °C, due to an externally applied heating sleeve. The second focus of the paper is the investigation of the pressure dependent hydrogen solubility of the martensitic stainless steel 1.4418. The autoclave offers a very fast insertion and exertion of samples and therefore has significant advantages compared to commonly larger autoclaves. Results of hydrogen charging experiments are presented, that were conducted on the Nickel-martensitic stainless steel 1.4418. Cylindrical samples 3 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were hydrogen charged within the autoclave and subsequently measured using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The results show how hydrogen sorption curves can be effectively collected to investigate its dependence on time, temperature and hydrogen pressure, thus enabling, e.g., the deduction of hydrogen diffusion coefficients and hydrogen pre-charging concepts for material testing.

Fatigue Properties of 3D Welded Thin Structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed M. Allameh ◽  
Avery Lenihan ◽  
Roger Miller ◽  
Hadi Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Mig Welding ◽  
Welded Structures

Abstract Additive manufacturing technology has matured enough to produce real industrial components. A newer method of 3D printing is the deposition of molten metal beads using a MIG weld torch. This involves a 3D printer equipped with a MIG torch layering the metals in desired shapes. It allows the fabrication of components made of MIG weld wires, currently available from various elements including Cu, Al, steel and alloys. Some of these structures made by 3D welding will have applications in critical load bearing conditions. The reliability of such components will be vital in applications where human lives are at stake. Tensile tests are conducted to verify the required strength of the fabricated parts which will undergo monotonic loading; however, fatigue tests are required for cases where cyclic loading will take place. Conventional tensile and fatigue testing requires macro-scale samples. With MIG welding, it is possible to make thin-walled structures. Fatigue testing on samples extracted from thin walls is made possible by microtesting. This study is focused on the mechanical properties of 3D welded structures made from MIG welding wires. Our earlier results showed orientation dependence of mechanical properties in 3D welded structures. They also showed the effect of substrates in expression of the orientation dependence. Welding on metal substrate produces weld beads that are harder at the substrate interfacial area. However, for structures welded on ceramics, the opposite is true. They exhibit a softer substrate interfacial area and a relatively harder top. Our newer results show fatigue properties of structures made by 3D welding. Microsamples measuring 0.2 mm × 0.2 mm × 1.0 mm were extracted from metal beads using a CNC mill along with an EDM. The contours of the samples were machined by milling and the back side was cut by electro discharge machining. Specimens were then polished to the desired size and mounted in the grippers of an E1000 Instron load frame. WaveMatrix® application software from Instron was used to control the machine and to obtain testing data. Fatigue tests were performed, and life cycles were determined for various stress levels up to over 5 million cycles. The preliminary results of tensile tests of these samples show strength levels that are comparable to those of parent metal, in the range of 600–950MPa. Results of fatigue tests show high fatigue lives associated with relatively high stresses. The preliminary results will be presented and the implications of the use of 3D welded rebar in 3D printing of reinforced concrete structures will be discussed.

scholarly journals On the Microstructures and Fatigue Behaviors of 316L Stainless Steel Metal Injection Molded with Gas- and Water-Atomized Powders

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyun Zhang ◽  
Ensheng Feng ◽  
Wei Mo ◽  
Yonghu Lv ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

316L stainless steel samples are fabricated by metal injection molding using water-atomized and gas-atomized powder with different oxygen contents. The influences of oxygen on the microstructural evolution and fatigue properties of the samples are investigated. The oxygen tends to react with Mn and Si to form oxide particles during sintering. The oxides hamper the densification process and result in decreased sintered density. Moreover, their existence reduces the Mn and Si dissolving into the base metal and compromises the solution strengthening effect. The oxides lead to stress concentration in the tensile and fatigue tests and become the initiation sites of fatigue cracks. After sintering, the samples made from the gas-atomized powder have a much lower oxygen content compared to those made from the water-atomized powder, therefore, exhibiting much better mechanical properties. The tensile strength, yield strength and the elongation of the samples made from the gas-atomized powder are 560 MPa, 205 MPa, and 58%, respectively. Their fatigue lives are about one order of magnitude longer than the samples made from water-atomized powder, and also longer than those fabricated by powder metallurgy and selective laser sintering which were reported in other studies.

Fatigue Properties of Al-Li Plates Joined by Friction Stir Welding

2008 ◽  
Vol 385-387 ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Cavaliere ◽  
Francesco W. Panella ◽  
Antonio Squillace
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Amplitude Control ◽  
Friction Stir

Al-Li alloys are characterized by a strong anisotropy in mechanical properties and microstructure with respect to the rolling direction. Plates of 2198 Al-Li alloy were friction stir welded by employing maximum rotation speed: 1000 rev/min and welding speed of 80 mm/min, both in parallel and orthogonal directions with respect to the rolling one. The joints mechanical properties were evaluated by means of tensile tests at room temperature. In addition, fatigue tests performed with a resonant electro-mechanical testing machine under constant amplitude control up to 250 Hz loading, were conducted in axial control mode with R(σmin/σmax)=0.33, for all the welding and rotating speed conditions. The fatigue crack propagation experiments were performed by employing single edge notched specimens.With the aim to characterize the weld performances, both the microstructure evolution at jointed cross sections, related to the welding variables, and the fractured surfaces were respectively analyzed by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy.

Effect of Thermal Exposure on Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Clay Reinforced Nylon Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Yukiko Nakahara ◽  
Yusuke Kodama ◽  
Shi Jie Zhu ◽  
Arimitsu Usuki ◽  
Makoto Kato
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Matrix Nanocomposite

In this paper, both nylon 6 and 2 wt% clay reinforced nylon 6 matrix nanocomposite were used for thermal exposure tests at temperatures of 80 oC and 120 oC and 150 oC, respectively. Then, the tensile tests and fatigue tests of the exposed specimens were conducted at room temperature. It was shown that the tensile strength in both nylon 6 and NCH-2 decreased with an increase in thermal exposure temperature. The brittle fracture occurred in the specimens exposed at 120 oC and 150 oC. After pre-oxidation treatment at 80 °C for 100 hours, the fatigue strength decreased 14% in nylon 6, and 8% in NCH-2. From this result, it was understood that the addition of clay in nylon 6 could suppress the decrease of fatigue strengths.

SHIELDING GAS AND HEAT INPUT EFFECTS ON THE MECHANICAL AND METALLURGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS METAL ARC WELDING OF SUPER MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL (12Cr5Ni2Mo) JOINTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750069
Author(s):  
T. PRABAKARAN ◽  
M. PRABHAKAR ◽  
P. SATHIYA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

This paper deals with the effects of shielding gas mixtures (100% CO2, 100% Ar and 80 % Ar [Formula: see text] 20% CO[Formula: see text] and heat input (3.00, 3.65 and 4.33[Formula: see text]kJ/mm) on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of AISI 410[Formula: see text]S (American Iron and Steel Institute) super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) by gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. AISI 410[Formula: see text]S SMSS with 1.2[Formula: see text]mm diameter of a 410 filler wire was used in this study. A detailed microstructural analysis of the weld region as well as the mechanical properties (impact, microhardness and tensile tests at room temperature and 800[Formula: see text]C) was carried out. The tensile and impact fracture surfaces were further analyzed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). 100% Ar shielded welds have a higher amount of [Formula: see text] ferrite content and due to this fact the tensile strength of the joints is superior to the other two shielded welds.

Low-Cycle-Fatigue Properties of a 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Manufactured via Selective Laser Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Maccioni ◽  
Eleonora Rampazzo ◽  
Filippo Nalli ◽  
Yuri Borgianni ◽  
Franco Concli
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Softening Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

In this paper, the static and low-cycle-fatigue (LCF) behavior of wrought samples of 17-4 PH stainless steel (SS) manufactured via Selective Laser Melting (SLM) are presented. On the one hand, several scholars have studied SLM materials and literature reports a huge amount of data as for the high-cycle-fatigue (HCF) behavior. On the other hand, few are the data available on the LCF behavior of those materials. The aim of the present research is to provide reliable data for an as-build 17-4 PH steel manufactured via SLM techniques. Only with quantitative data, indeed, it is possible to exploit all the advantages that this technology can offer. In this regard, both quasi-static (QS) and low-cycle-fatigue tests were performed on Additive Manufacturing (AM) cylindrical samples. Through QS tests, the constitutive low has been defined. Strain-controlled fatigue tests on an electromechanical machine were performed on 12 samples designed according to the ASTM standard. Tests were continued also after the stabilization was reached (needed for the cyclic curve described with the Ramberg-Osgood equation) to obtain also the fatigue (ε-N) curve. Results show that the material has a softening behavior. The Basquin-Coffin-Manson (BCM) parameters were tuned on the basis of the ε-N combinations after rupture.

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