Upgrading Refuse-Derived Fuel Properties From Reclaimed Landfill Using Torrefaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kerdsuwan ◽  
K. Laohalidanond ◽  
K. Gupta Ashwani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Fuel Upgrading ◽  
Direct Use

Abstract Landfill resource reclamation or landfill mining offers an attractive option to harvest the primary materials remaining behind in landfills or open dump sites. After reclamation, the major fractions left after removing soil-like material are paper and plastic fractions, which can be used transformed to refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as a fuel. However, the variation of constituents in RDF causes to low-quality fuel derived from the reclaimed landfill. The torrefaction process is proposed here to upgrade the fuel properties in terms of heating value, energy density ratio, and hydrophobicity. A torrefaction oven was used to torrefy RDF from reclaimed landfill at a controlled temperature of 250, 300, and 300 °C and a residence time of approximately 30 min in an inert environment using Nitrogen gas. The experiment results showed an optimum torrefaction temperature of 250 °C, which resulted in the improved heating value of RDF by up to 14.12%, an increased energy yield of 107.78%, and an energy density ratio of 1.14. These results demonstrated greater energy yield from the torrefied RDF compared with raw RDF. The hydrophobic property of torrefied RDF was also improved with the torrefaction process due to low water adsorption capability of torrefied RDF that was evaluated to be only one-half of that of raw RDF. The fuel upgrading of RDF from reclaimed landfill achieved via the torrefaction process improved the fuel properties that offers its direct use or, in conjunction with other coal fuels, for power generation.

scholarly journals Proof-of-Concept of High-Pressure Torrefaction for Improvement of Pelletized Biomass Fuel Properties and Process Cost Reduction

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4790
Author(s):  
Bartosz Matyjewicz ◽  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Pressure Impact ◽  
New Type ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
Ratio Energy

This paper provides a comprehensive description of the new approach to biomass torrefaction under high-pressure conditions. A new type of laboratory-scale high-pressure reactor was designed and built. The aim of the study was to compare the high-pressure torrefaction with conventional near atmospheric pressure torrefaction. Specifically, we investigated the torrefaction process influence on the fuel properties of wooden-pellet for two different pressure regimes up to 15 bar. All torrefaction processes were conducted at 300 °C, at 30 min of residence time. The initial analysis of the increased pressure impact on the torrefaction parameters: mass yields, energy densification ratio, energy yield, process energy consumption, the proximate analysis, high heating value, and energy needed to grind torrefied pellets was completed. The results show that high-pressure torrefaction needed up to six percent less energy, whereas energy densification in the pellet was ~12% higher compared to conventional torrefaction. The presence of pressure during torrefaction did not have an impact on the energy required for pellet grinding (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Rūta Bendere ◽  
Gintaras Denafas ◽  
Jānis Kalnačs ◽  
Mait Kriipsalu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

A heating value estimation of refuse derived fuel using the genetic programming model

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Özkan ◽  
Şahin Işık ◽  
Zerrin Günkaya ◽  
Aysun Özkan ◽  
Müfide Banar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Value Estimation

scholarly journals Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Al Afif ◽  
S. Sean Anayah ◽  
Christoph Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Selection Of

The thermal cracking of cotton stalks (CS) via pyrolysis was performed using a laboratory scale batch pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the final pyrolysis temperature varying from 300 to 800°C on the pyrolysis products distribution has been investigated. The maximum biochar yield of 46.5% was obtained at 400°C. As the pyrolysis process temperature increased, the solid char product yield decreased. The lowest biochar yield of 28% was obtained at 800°C. The largest higher heating value (HHV, 25.845 MJ kg-1) was obtained at 600°C. All biochar samples produced between 500 and 700°C had an energy densification ratio of 1.41, indicating a higher mass-energy density than the initial feedstock. A larger share of syngas and bio-oil were produced at higher temperatures, as estimated. Preferential selection of a char based on the energy yield would lead to a selection of the 400°C product, while selection based on the energy densification ratio would be for a product obtained between 500 to 700°C.

Cold-specific feeding response of rats to cold exposure and energy density of body weight change

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Heat Flow Model

The increased food intake of rats exposed to cold is the result of increased intake due to cold (cold-specific compartment; A) and decreased intake due to simultaneously decreased body weight (weight-specific compartment; B). The two compartments are evaluated at 5, 13, and 17 degrees C. B is evaluated as the food intake of theoretical, isogravimetric control (identical to cold-exposed rats with respect to body weight and rate of change of body weight and identical to nonexposed rats in all other respects) that takes into account both the change in energy expenditure due to decreased body weight and the energy yield from tissue catabolism represented by change of body weight. A is the observed food intake minus B. A theoretical heat-flow model, in which expected changes in heat flow during cold exposure drive food intake to maintain or restore preexposure body weight status, corroborated the partition derived from experimental data. However, both the experimental results and the heat-flow model imply that the energy density of body weight change is negatively correlated with rate of body weight change. The energy density of weight change is high with high rates of weight loss and low with high rats of weight gain.

Slow Pyrolysis Temperature and Duration Effects on Fuel Properties of Food Rice Waste Bio-Char

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normadyzah Ahmad ◽  
Nurul Nabila Huda Baharudin ◽  
Norhayati Talib
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

In this study, to convert high moisture content waste into bio-char, slow pyrolysis of cooked rice waste was proposed. The effects of temperature and duration of slow pyrolysis of cooked rice waste on the fuel properties of the biochar produced were investigated, namely the carbon content and energy density. The cooked rice waste was dried overnight at 80°C prior to pyrolysis to reduce moisture content. The carbon content was measured by using Thermo Finnigan Flash EA 1112 Series Elemental Analyser CHNS-O. Energy density was measured by using IKA Works C—5000 Control bomb calorimeter. Results demonstrated that pyrolysed rice waste at 250°C and 4 hour duration had the highest carbon content (60.30%). Moreover, the calorific values for pyrolysed cooked rice wastes demonstrated that biochar derived from cooked rice waste could be a promising alternative renewable energy source.

scholarly journals Improvement of energy density and energy yield of oil palm biomass by torrefaction in combustion gas

2018 ◽  
Vol 458 ◽  
pp. 012061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Uemura ◽  
V Sellappah ◽  
T H Trinh ◽  
M Komiyama ◽  
S Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Ponderomotive pressure effects in laser driven high-temperature plasma flows

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bobin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Radiation Energy Density ◽  
Plasma Effects

Gasdynamical equations taking radiation energy density and ponderomotive pressure into account are investigated. Conditions for these quantities to be important are stated: low absorption, reflexion at cut-off. The density ratio in a discontinuity is studied as a function of ponderomotive pressure, absorbed intensity and Mach number in the initial state. Chapman–Jouguet conditions are defined. Compressive (R type) flows and rarefaction (D type) appear. The structure of the latter is discussed including plasma effects.

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