Design Principles and Function of Mechanical Fasteners in Nature and Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsie Jeffries ◽  
David Lentink
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Loop Design ◽  
Mechanical Fasteners ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Novel Products

Abstract Probabilistic mechanical fasteners are used to provide secure, reversible, and repeatable attachments in both nature and industry. Since the first observation of this mechanism in nature, which led to the creation of hook-and-loop fasteners, there has been a multitude of variations on the basic hook-and-loop design. However, few fastener designs have looked back to nature for inspiration in creating novel products or improving existing fasteners. Given the diverse probabilistic mechanical fasteners employed in nature, there is opportunity to further the research and development of these underdeveloped fasteners. To this end, we present a framework which describes the theory, design considerations, modelling, and mechanical testing required to study probabilistic mechanical fasteners. We further provide a comparison of the performance of existing probabilistic mechanical fasteners found in nature and industry as a reference for novel bio-inspired designs. Finally, we discuss current areas of application and future opportunities for fastener innovation.

scholarly journals The design of responsive luminescent lanthanide probes and sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parker ◽  
Jack D. Fradgley ◽  
Ka-Leung Wong
Keyword(s):  
Design Principles ◽  
Luminescent Probes ◽  
The Creation

The design principles that guide the creation of responsive lanthanide luminescent probes are defined, classified and exemplified.

scholarly journals Financial Control over the Implementation of the “Megasience” Class Scientific Projects: Current State and Prospects of Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
O. V. Boltinova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Budget System

The paper is devoted to financial control exercised over the implementation of “megasience” class scientific projects. In order to create an innovative economy, the State continues to develop research and development, in particular the creation of unique projects of the “megasience” class. Funding for such studies is usually carried out from budgets of various levels of the Russian Federation’s budgetary system as part of priority national projects or federal programs. Therefore, state financial control over the effective and targeted use of funds of the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation gains importance. The paper discusses the current conditions of state financial control over the implementation of scientific projects of the “megasience” class, defines the list of subjects possessing the powers of both internal and external state financial control, highlights their differences and characteristics. The author carries out the analysis of monitoring as one of the activities of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, where emphasis is made on budgetary monitoring. The paper analyzes problems and shortcomings in the implementation of state financial control over the scientific projects. It also describes the features of the current state of state financial control and highlights tendencies of its development and improvement.

Intelligent product manuals

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D T Pham ◽  
S S Dimov ◽  
B J Peat
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
General Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Intelligent Product ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Active Assistance

Intelligent product manuals are designed to allow product users to utilize a product as easily, effectively and with as little additional care as possible while minimizing support costs for manufacturers and suppliers. It is first shown how intelligent product manuals address these objectives by utilizing electronic, multimedia and knowledge-based technologies to provide active assistance to the user of the product during tasks such as installation, operation and maintenance. An architecture for the creation and deployment of an intelligent product manual is then proposed and general design considerations are outlined. Finally, four implementation approaches, based on XML, SGML, HTML and PDF technologies, are compared against a set of selection criteria. It is concluded that simple, low-cost solutions are available, which can provide significant benefits for appropriate businesses, including smaller companies.

Taking a stance and getting on with it: the form and function of the Finnish finite clausal extraposition construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritva Laury
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ordinary Conversation ◽  
And Function

AbstractThis paper concerns a particular grammatical construction, extraposition, and its use for assessments at points of transition between activities and topics by speakers of Finnish in ordinary conversation. A basic assumption taken here is that “recurrent clausal constructions of a language are social action formats for that language” (Thompson 2006), and that grammatical constructions such as clause types are learned and therefore routinized responses to certain types of interactional contingencies, and, at the same time, emergent from the current local context (Hopper 1987; Helasvuo 2001).The paper combines the two central perspectives developed in this issue, sequential design and dialogicality, with the study of grammar-in-interaction. It shows that the grammatical form of the Finnish extraposition construction emerges from its use by speakers for the creation of intersubjectivity through reproduction of prior talk and for the projection of stance taking to follow.

INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF VINEGAR PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4(50)) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
A. A. Pushkar ◽  
D. V. Khlimankov ◽  
V. I. Solovei ◽  
A. V. Rybak ◽  
J. N. Shcherbitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

he article presents the results of research and development work on the creation of technologies for the production of new types of vinegar based on starch-containing raw materials with original organoleptic characteristics. The introduction of this technology at the enterprise provides for the introduction of a new stage of the mechanical-enzymatic destruction of starch-containing raw materials with its biotransformation into ethyl alcohol into the current technological scheme of the enterprise.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aaron Deter-Wolf ◽  
Tanya M. Peres
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cumberland River ◽  
And Function ◽  
Culture Phase

This introduction presents a brief geologic overview of the Middle Cumberland River Valley of Tennessee. It describes the research interests that culminated in the creation of this volume and positions the volume within the overall context of Archaic shell-bearing site excavations in the Southeastern United States and the Shell Mound Archaic culture phase. The introduction further summarizes the prevailing theories as to the creation and function of Archaic shell-bearing sites which have been generated by research in other regions of the coastal and interior Southeast. Finally, it presents a short overview of the contributed chapters.

On the Nature of Sleep

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Domenico Agostini ◽  
Samuel Thrope
Keyword(s):  
Short Description ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
And Function ◽  
Proper Length

Chapters 19 and 19A contain a short description of the nature and function of sleep (xwāb). The chapters describe the creation of sleep and its appearance. They also proscribe the proper length of sleep as three or four recitations of one of the central Zoroastrian prayers.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property Management in Publicly Funded R&D Program and Projects: Optimizing Principal–Agent Relationship through Transdisciplinary Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9923
Author(s):  
Shuto Miyashita ◽  
Shogo Katoh ◽  
Tomohiro Anzai ◽  
Shintaro Sengoku
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Intellectual Property Management ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Principal Agent Relationship

Large-scale, publicly funded research and development (R&D) programs are implemented to accelerate state-of-the-art science, technology, and innovation applications that are expected to solve various societal problems. The present study aims to build on the body of theory on the mechanisms that promote or impede the creation of intellectual property in such programs. Using a mixed methods approach and combining quantitative network analysis and qualitative semistructured interviews, we conducted a case study to investigate best practices in terms of intellectual property creation in a Japanese governmental research and development program. The results of the network analysis showed that the core/periphery structure in the co-inventor network of patents and joint application by a university and a startup promoted intellectual property creation. The results of the interview confirmed the significance of a reciprocal mindset, which the researchers in academia could acquire through collaboration with a startup. These results suggest that a knowledge logistics system for agile intellectual property management can be established by learning to acquire tacit knowledge on social implementation. Furthermore, we focus on the principal–agent relationship between knowledge producers and knowledge consumers as a factor that impedes the creation of intellectual property. We also discuss adverse selection and moral hazards caused by information asymmetry between knowledge producers and knowledge consumers and how to deal with them.

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