A Deep-sea Sediment Sampling System—Design, Analysis and Experimental Verification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangping Liu ◽  
YongPing Jin ◽  
Youduo Peng ◽  
Buyan Wan ◽  
Kun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Sampling Tube ◽  
Sediment Sampling ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Sampling Operation

Abstract In order to meet the needs of the deep seabed sediment airtight sampling operation of the whole sea depth manned submersible (operating water depth of 11,000 meters). An airtight sampler with the function of holding pressure and coring was designed. Firstly, Using the sediment sampling test platform, taking high sampling rate as the goal and the motion speed of manipulator as the constraint condition, the sediment sampling rate (ratio of the sample actually retrieved by the sampling tube to the insertion depth of the sampling tube) test under different sampling tube inner diameters was carried out, respectively. Then, the pressure drop calculation and analysis of other components such as pressure retaining cylinder and sealing cylinder during the recovery of airtight sampler to the deck are carried out, and the pressure drop compensation during the recovery of airtight sampler is calculated and analyzed based on the pressure compensator. At last, the internal pressure test, high-pressure cabin test and adaptability test between sampler and manipulator are carried out by using the developed prototype of airtight sampler for sediments in the deep sea. The test results verify the feasibility of the design of airtight sampler for sediments in the deep sea, which will provide strong support for the deep seabed sampling operation of manned submersible in the deep sea.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Study of Pressure Compensation System for Full-Ocean-Depth Gas-Tight Sediment Sampler

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuangPing Liu ◽  
Yongping Jin ◽  
You-duo Peng ◽  
Bu-yan Wan
Keyword(s):  
Compensation System ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Mechanical Hand ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Sampling Operation ◽  
Pressure Compensation ◽  
Gas Tight ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aiming at the requirement of the full-ocean-depth (operating water depth 11000 meters) manned submersible to carry out the gas-tight sampling operation of the abyss seabed sediment, a kind of full-ocean-depth carrier submersible mechanical hand-held, full-ocean-depth gas-tight sediment sampler (GTSS) with the function of pressure-retaining and coring is designed. Firstly, the volume change model of pressure compensator is established, and it is pointed out that the volume of pressure compensator is about 16.14% equal to the volume of gas-tight sediment sampler (GTSS). Secondly, the pressure compensator is analyzed and calculated, and the relationship between the precharge pressure of the pressure compensator, the nominal volume of the pressure compensator and the pressure holding effect of the gas-tight sediment sampler (GTSS) is studied. The results show that with the increase of gas precharge pressure in the pressure compensator, the final pressure of the sampler also increases. Under the same precharge pressure condition, the larger the nominal volume of the pressure compensator, the greater the final pressure of the sampler. Finally, the air tightness test method is designed by using the developed gas tightness sampler of the full-ocean-depth product, and the change of the final pressure in the gas tight sampler under different precharge pressure is observed. The test results are consistent with the simulation results, indicating the correctness of the pressure compensation system (PCS) model.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on the Process Parameters of a Novel Low-Load Drill Bit Used for 7000 m Bedrock Sampling Base on Manned Submersible

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Yu-Gang Ren ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yan-Jun Liu ◽  
Bao-Hua Liu ◽  
Kai-Ben Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Cutting Model

Due to the need for accurate exploration of deep-sea scientific research, drilling techniques by combining the operational advantages of the Jiaolong manned submersible is considered one of the most feasible methods for deep-sea bedrock drilling. Based on deep sea bedrock cutting model and discrete element simulation, as well as efficient drilling as the design criterion, the development of a deep sea 7000 m electromechanical coring apparatus was carried out. The outstanding feature of this technology is that the bit load produced by the drill pressure is usually within the range 100–400 N while the recommended load for diamond drilling is 1–3 KN or even more. Therefore, searching for the drilling bits that can drill in extremely hard formations with minimal load and acceptable rates of penetration and rotary speed is the necessary step to prove the feasibility of electromechanical deep-sea drilling technology. A test has been designed and constructed to examine three types of drill bits. The results of experiments show that the new low-load polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit has the highest penetration length of 138 mm/15 min under a 300 N load and 250 rpm rotary speed. Finally, field tests with the Jiaolong submersible were used to conduct deep sea experiments and verify the load model, which provides theoretical and technical data on the use of a low-load core sampling drill developed specifically for a deep sea submersible.

Numerical Simulation of a Jumper Conveying Slurry for Deep-Sea Mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Yamamoto ◽  
Tomo Fujiwara ◽  
Joji Yamamoto ◽  
Sotaro Masanobu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Horizontal Direction ◽  
Viscous Pressure

Abstract One key technology for Deep-Sea Mining is the riser system. The riser is already a field-proven technology in the Petroleum Industry. However, several differences exist between a petroleum production riser and a riser for Deep-Sea Mining, mainly related to the internal flow. The ore-slurry has a larger density than the hydrocarbons and shall be pumped with a much higher flowrate. The current software tools for riser’s dynamic analysis may include the internal fluid hydrostatic pressure and the centrifugal and Coriolis forces imposed by the bent pipe’s internal flow. However, the internal pressure drop is not calculated. The internal pressure alters the pipe’s effective tension and can alter the pipe’s bending moment changing its mechanical behavior. This article describes a computational script’s development to run embedded in a commercial software for riser’s dynamic analysis. Our script calculates the internal viscous pressure drop along with the jumper. This pressure is then converted into wall axial tension (buckling) and imposed on each node of the jumper’s numerical model. Each simulation case was calculated twice with and without the internal flow viscous pressure drop. The comparison with experimental data revealed that the jumper’s average position has a good agreement among all cases. However, the amplitude caused by the top oscillation showed some discrepancies. Experimental data has the highest amplitude in the horizontal direction, while the simulation without viscous pressure calculation had the smallest. The simulation with our embedded script had intermediary amplitude in the horizontal direction. The vertical direction amplitudes have the same behavior for all cases, but the experimental data showed the highest amplitude.

Review of Navigation and Positioning of Deep-sea Manned Submersibles

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (04) ◽  
pp. 1021-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
Jialing Tang ◽  
Shengjie Qin ◽  
Xiangxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Scientific Value

Operational deep-sea manned submersibles are important underwater vehicles that provide strong technical support for international deep-sea research. Navigation and positioning technologies are expected to facilitate the complete exploitation of the scientific value of samples and data collected by such submersibles, improve their underwater operation efficiency and enhance their safety. This paper first briefly describes six operational deep-sea manned submersibles that can dive to depths of more than 4,500 m. Then, the paper focuses on the navigation and positioning technologies used in these submersibles. Finally, considering the existing problems in the navigation and positioning systems of China's manned submersible Jiaolong, the paper discusses future development trends of the navigation and positioning technologies used in operational deep-sea manned submersibles.

Disposal in the deep sea: analogue of nature or faux ami?

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Dredge Spoil

The deep sea is the world's largest ecosystem by volume and is assumed to have a high assimilative capacity. Natural events, such as the sinking of surface plant and animal material to the seabed, sediment slides, benthic storms and hydrothermal vents can contribute vast amounts of material, both organic and inorganic, to the deep ocean. In the past the deep sea has been used as a repository for sewage, dredge spoil and radioactive waste. In addition, there has been interest in the disposal of large man-made objects and, more recently, the disposal of industrially-produced carbon dioxide. Some of the materials disposed of in the deep sea may have natural analogues. This review examines natural processes in the deep sea including the vertical flux of organic material, turbidity currents and benthic storms, natural gas emissions, hydrothermal vents, natural radionuclides and rocky substrata, and compares them with anthropogenic input including sewage disposal, dredge spoil, carbon dioxide disposal, chemical contamination and the disposal of radioactive waste, wrecks and rigs. The comparison shows what are true analogues and what are false friends. Knowledge of the deep sea is fragmentary and much more needs to be known about this large, biologically-diverse system before any further consideration is given to its use in the disposal of waste.

Dynamic Analysis and Path Tracking Control of Deep-Sea Tracked Miner

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 1161-1168
Author(s):  
Qing Jue Han ◽  
Shao Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Tracked Vehicle ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

For the deep-sea mining system, tracked vehicle is widely used as a miner. From the data of characteristic of the seabed sediment, on which the miner is walking, the relationship of the traction force of the miner and the slip rate of the track is established. The soil-track interaction, an essential issue in tracked vehicle modeling, has been analyzed in detail. Then the kinematic model of the deep-sea tracked miner is established and a PID control strategy is presented to make the miner walk along the desired path. After a series of computer simulations in MATLAB, the validity of the control strategy is confirmed.

A deep-sea in-situ suspended sediment sampling system

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. M35-M44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Beer ◽  
J.Paul Dauphin ◽  
Thomas S. Sholes
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Sediment Sampling

scholarly journals Analysis of sea condition of Jiaolong deep-sea manned submersible operating in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Liu Xiaohui ◽  
Qin Shengjie ◽  
Yang Lei ◽  
Qi Haibin ◽  
Zhang Qi
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Manned Submersible

The South China Sea is the sea area with the largest area, the largest depth, the most abundant oil and gas resources and the most comprehensive biological species in China. The further exploration of the South China Sea with manned submersible and other major deep-sea equipment is of great significance to China's deep-sea scientific investigation. In this paper, Jiaolong manned submersible was taken as an example. In order to explore the operation window to guarantee the operation safety of manned submersible and improve the efficiency of voyage scientific investigation, this paper combined the global wave return data and the wave data based on satellite remote sensing to focus on the Marine environment characteristics in the South China Sea. According to the operational design parameters of Jiaolong, in the South China Sea, the most appropriate operating time window is from April to September, and the rest of the time, proper sea conditions should be selected for the operation.

Working Tools Study for JiaoLong Manned Submersible

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Xianpeng Shi ◽  
Yugang Ren ◽  
Jialing Tang ◽  
Wentao Fu ◽  
Baohua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Observation Function ◽  
Scientific Questions

AbstractThe remarkable progress in deep submergence science with manned submersibles in the past 50 years has made it possible for us to directly explore the inaccessible underwater extreme environment. Basic research carried out at depths over 1,000 m in the deep ocean has provided dramatic and unique insights into some of the most compelling scientific questions ever posed. Deep research manned submersibles have been widely recognized as indispensable platforms for conducting deep-sea research. Whereas all deep-sea submersibles share the unique feature of direct observation function by scientists and pilots from the cabin, all manned submersibles are equipped with different tools to implement a wide range of jobs in different exploration purposes. These can directly affect productivity and each dive's outcomes, such that it would be meaningful to study the samplers, sensors, and other devices that have been installed on the different deep-sea research manned submersibles around the world. This article will also introduce the research and development status of the JiaoLong manned submersible's operational tools, which have been researched and tested during the sea trials and test operational phase over the past 9 years. Based on developed technologies, state-of-the-art tools are essential to achieve a high-efficiency use for each dive. The article brings forward discussion and suggestions for the development of JiaoLong's operational tools, followed by a conclusion from the perspective of JiaoLong's operation team.

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