scholarly journals Sensitivity of Turbine Blade Temperatures to Tolerances of Design Variables

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hsia
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
General Electric Company ◽  
Design Intent ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Design Variables

The General Electric Company in conjunction with the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory is involved in a program to more fully understand air-cooled turbine blade distress mechanisms. As part of this program, the tolerance effects of design parameters on the predicted blade temperature were evaluated. Turbine blade temperature predictions are based on the assumption that all blades conform to the nominal design intent in terms of blade geometry and operating conditions. Since the geometry and operating conditions of each blade may vary from these assumptions, the actual blade life may be significantly different from that calculated, based on the nominal design intent. This study analyzed the blade temperature sensitivity of a single stage high pressure turbine blade to variations in most of the design variables. The effect on blade metal temperature of each variable was assessed individually and the cumulative effect of changing several variables simultaneously was also determined. Finally, an equation was obtained from this study that can be used to predict the cumulative effect on blade temperatures in a given blade by knowing only the single-variable sensitivities.

Improving Emission and Blow-Out Characteristics of Novel Natural Gas Low NOx Burners for Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cerutti ◽  
Michele Roma ◽  
Alessio Picchi ◽  
Riccardo Becchi ◽  
Bruno Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Window

Abstract The development and the optimization of a novel dry low NOx burner may require several steps of improvement. The first step of the overall development process has been documented by authors in a previous paper and included an exhaustive experimental characterization of a set of novel geometries. The in-depth results analysis allowed to correlate the investigated design parameters to burner performances, discovering possible two-fold optimization paths. Recurrent verifications of the assumptions made to define prototypes design are considered a mandatory step to avoid significant deviation from the correct optimization path, which strongly depends on both objective function definition and selection of design variables. Concerning the objective function, a proper mathematical formulation was proposed in the previous work, which represented a balance between two apparently conflicting aspect like flame stability and low emissions. Concerning design variables, outcomes of the first test campaign have been used in the present work to define new burner geometries. Starting from a new baseline who has showed the widest low NOx operating window, additional geometrical features have been considered in this survey as potentially affecting flame stabilization. Thanks to the degree of freedom offered by DMLM technology, rapid prototyping of alternative geometries allowed to easily setup a new experimental plan for the second optimization step. Exploiting the same approach used in the first test campaign, new geometries have been tested in a single-cup test rig at gas turbine relevant operating conditions, showing Stable low-NOx operating windows have been evaluated throughout dedicated objective functions for all geometries and results showed lower NOx and CO emissions as a consequence of the newly introduced geometrical modifications. Moreover, the comparison with the estimates of the previous campaign proved the existence of the identified optimization path. Indeed, it furnished valid elements for further using of the proposed methodology for the improvement of emission and blow-out characteristics of novel burners and, more in general, for the development of a novel dry low NOx technology.

Control of Combustion Dynamics Using Fuel System Impedance

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geo Richards ◽  
Doug Straub ◽  
Ed Robey
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Attenuation

Combustion oscillations (dynamics) have become a major challenge in the development of low-emission premix combustors. In this paper, a variable impedance fuel system is used to modulate the phase and magnitude of the combustion response in a laboratory scale 30 kW combustor. With the proper choice of design parameters, this technique demonstrates significant attenuation of dynamics pressures, over a wide range of operating conditions. The technique is similar to active control, but does not require high frequency actuators. The paper will report on the key design variables that should be considered when using this concept to improve dynamic stability.

scholarly journals The Aeromechanical Response of an Advanced Transonic Compressor to Inlet Distortion

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Datko ◽  
J. A. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Measurements ◽  
General Electric Company ◽  
Transonic Compressor ◽  
Inlet Distortion ◽  
Bladed Disk ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Air Force Base

An advanced transonic compressor was tested in the Compressor Research Facility at the Aero Propulsion Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. This compressor was designed, built, and instrumented by the General Electric Company under Air Force contract. During this test, the compressor was operated with seven different total pressure distortion screens located at the inlet, along with baseline testing of two “clean” inlet configurations. Of particular interest was the forced vibratory response of the compressor first stage integrally bladed disk (blisk) to the various distortions. This paper presents a summary of the blisk vibratory responses to each of the distortion screens. Effects of instrumentation on the dynamic response of the blisk are illustrated. In addition, the measured steady total pressure inlet distortion profiles for each screen are shown with a summary of the instrumentation used to make the various steady and dynamic measurements.

Structural and Cooling Aspects of the Aden Nonaxisymmetric Exhaust Nozzle

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
D. O. Nash ◽  
T. G. Wakeman ◽  
J. L. Palcza
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
General Electric Company ◽  
Design Intent ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Cooling Design ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

The initial development of a nonaxisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle has been completed for the U. S. Navy by the General Electric Company. This exhaust system, called ADEN (Augmented Deflector Exhaust Nozzle), has been tested at GE’s Peebles, Ohio test facility using a YJ101 engine as the gas producer. This paper reviews the structural and cooling design of the ADEN nonaxisymmetric nozzle. Temperature and pressure data from the test series are compared to design intent for the nozzle operating in normal cruise and deflected (vectored) modes.

G-E ALLOY RENE 41

Alloy Digest ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
General Electric Company ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract G-E Alloy Rene 41 is a vacuum melted precipitation hardening nickel base alloy possessing high strength in the 1600-1800 F. temperature range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-47. Producer or source: General Electric Company. Originally published November 1958, revised January 1963.

G-E ALLOY J-1300

Alloy Digest ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Electric Company ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Electric Company ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract G-E ALLOY J-1300 is a precipitation hardening iron-base alloy with an excellent strength to weight ratio. It is recommended for applications in the 1350 F. range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-83. Producer or source: General Electric Company.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages With Trips Normal to the Flow

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Wagner ◽  
B. V. Johnson ◽  
R. A. Graziani ◽  
F. C. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of buoyancy and Coriolis forces on heat transfer in turbine blade internal coolant passages. The experiments were conducted with a large-scale, multipass, heat transfer model with both radially inward and outward flow. Trip strips on the leading and trailing surfaces of the radial coolant passages were used to produce the rough walls. An analysis of the governing flow equations showed that four parameters influence the heat transfer in rotating passages: coolant-to-wall temperature ratio, Rossby number, Reynolds number, and radius-to-passage hydraulic diameter ratio. The first three of these four parameters were varied over ranges that are typical of advanced gas turbine engine operating conditions. Results were correlated and compared to previous results from stationary and rotating similar models with trip strips. The heat transfer coefficients on surfaces, where the heat transfer increased with rotation and buoyancy, varied by as much as a factor of four. Maximum values of the heat transfer coefficients with high rotation were only slightly above the highest levels obtained with the smooth wall model. The heat transfer coefficients on surfaces where the heat transfer decreased with rotation, varied by as much as a factor of three due to rotation and buoyancy. It was concluded that both Coriolis and buoyancy effects must be considered in turbine blade cooling designs with trip strips and that the effects of rotation were markedly different depending upon the flow direction.

scholarly journals Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Goldberg ◽  
Antoine Wojdyla ◽  
Diane Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Wavefront Sensors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
Coherent Wave ◽  
Reflection Gratings ◽  
Dynamic Operating

New, high-coherent-flux X-ray beamlines at synchrotron and free-electron laser light sources rely on wavefront sensors to achieve and maintain optimal alignment under dynamic operating conditions. This includes feedback to adaptive X-ray optics. We describe the design and modeling of a new class of binary-amplitude reflective gratings for shearing interferometry and Hartmann wavefront sensing. Compact arrays of deeply etched gratings illuminated at glancing incidence can withstand higher power densities than transmission membranes and can be designed to operate across a broad range of photon energies with a fixed grating-to-detector distance. Coherent wave-propagation is used to study the energy bandwidth of individual elements in an array and to set the design parameters. We observe that shearing operates well over a ±10% bandwidth, while Hartmann can be extended to ±30% or more, in our configuration. We apply this methodology to the design of a wavefront sensor for a soft X-ray beamline operating from 230 eV to 1400 eV and model shearing and Hartmann tests in the presence of varying wavefront aberration types and magnitudes.

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