Performance Enhancement of a Gas Turbine With Humid Air and Utilization of LNG Cold Energy

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Song ◽  
S. T. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Cold Energy

It is well known that a cycle performance can be improved considerably by adopting humid air to a simple gas turbine. Further improvement can be achieved by utilizing LNG (liquified natural gas) cold energy which is obtained during vaporization process of natural gas from liquid to gas state. Qualitatively well known fact of high specific power and improvement of efficiency are analyzed quantitatively for various cases. These include comparisons of power, efficiency and other important operating parameters for the cases of a simple cycle and HAT cycle with and without utilization of LNG cold energy. Compared with simple cycle, HAT cycle got 48% increase in total work, 16% increase in efficiency and HAT-LNG cycle got each 54%, 17% increases at 10 pressure ratio. An analysis shows that a reasonable matching exists between the amount of LNG as fuel and the energy required to control inlet air temperature. It should be also admitted that use of a high cost liquified natural gas is inevitable for transportation of fuel from production site to consumer.

Effect of Deaerator Parameters on Simple and Reheat Gas/Steam Combined Cycle With Different Cooling Medium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Maheshwari ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Cooling Medium

Abstract Performance of gas/steam combined cycle power plants relies upon the performance exhibited by both gas based topping cycle and steam based bottoming cycle. Therefore, the measures for improving the performance of the gas turbine cycle and steam bottoming cycle eventually result in overall combined cycle performance enhancement. Gas turbine cooling medium affects the cooling efficacy. Amongst different parameters in the steam bottoming cycle, the deaerator parameter also plays its role in cycle performance. The present study analyzes the effect of deaerator’s operating pressure being varied from 1.6 bar to 2.2 bar in different configurations of simple and reheat gas/steam combined cycle with different cooling medium for fixed cycle pressure ratio of 40, turbine inlet temperature of 2000 K and ambient temperature of 303 K with varying ammonia mass fraction from 0.6 to 0.9. Analysis of the results obtained for different combined cycle configuration shows that for the simple gas turbine and reheat gas turbine-based configurations, the maximum work output of 643.78 kJ/kg of air and 730.87 kJ/kg of air respectively for ammonia mass fraction of 0.6, cycle efficiency of 54.55% and 53.14% respectively at ammonia mass fraction of 0.7 and second law efficiency of 59.71% and 57.95% respectively at ammonia mass fraction of 0.7 is obtained for the configuration having triple pressure HRVG with ammonia-water turbine at high pressure and intermediate pressure and steam turbine operating at deaerator pressure of 1.6 bar.

Low-Calorific Fuel Mix in a Large Size Combined Cycle Plant

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klas Jonshagen ◽  
Magnus Genrup ◽  
Pontus Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Reheat Steam

This paper will address the effects of mixing low-calorific fuel in to a natural gas fuelled large size combined cycle plant. Three different biofuels are tested namely; air blown gasification gas, indirect gasification gas and digestion gas. Simulations have been performed from 0–100% biofuel–natural gas mixtures. The biofuel impacts on the full cycle performance are discussed. Some more in-depth discussion about turbo-machinery components will be introduced when needed for the discussion. The compressors pressure ratio will increase in order to push the inert ballast of the low calorific fuels trough the turbine. Despite the increased expansion ratio in the gas turbine, the exhaust temperature raises slightly which derives from changed gas properties. The work is based on an in-house advanced off-design model within the software package IPSEPro. Sweden’s newest plant “O¨resundsverket”, which is a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, is used as a basis for the investigation. The plant is based on a GE Frame-9 gas turbine and has a triple-pressure reheat steam cycle.

scholarly journals Optimum Peak Cycle Pressure for the Intercooled-Supercharged Gas Turbine Engine

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Shu Wang ◽  
Lili Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Cycle Temperature

Performance (thermal efficiency and mass specific power) of a simple-cycle gas turbine increases monotonically with peak cycle temperatures, for a given peak cycle temperature, the performance also depends on cycle pressure ratio or peak cycle pressure: maximum performance (both mass specific power and thermal efficiency near their maximum values) is achieved in a narrow range of optimum peak cycle pressures. A recently proposed intercooled-supercharged cycle gas turbine differs from the conventional intercooled cycle gas turbine in their intercooler placement. This paper studies the performance of the proposed cycle based on a reformulated intercooling-supercharging optimization procedure. The intercooler placement is defined by a new parameter, the intercooling supercharging parameter. In terms of the intercooling supercharging parameter and the peak cycle pressure, a map of performance curves (efficiency versus specific power) is constructed, which discloses a higher performance zone for the proposed cycle. This performance zone is defined by optimal intercooler placement and peak cycle pressures that are considerably higher than the simple-cycle’s optimum peak cycle pressures. At these higher pressures, the intercooled-supercharged-cycle gas turbine can achieve a new level of performance: a 20% to 30% improvement over the simple cycle in thermal efficiency and mass specific power.

scholarly journals Semi Closed Gas Turbine Cycle and Humid Air Turbine: Thermoeconomic Evaluation of Cycle Performance and of the Water Recovery Process

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Corti ◽  
Bruno Facchini ◽  
Giampaolo Manfrida ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Air Turbine

A comparison between power plants built according to the HAT (Humid Air Turbine) and SCGT/CC (Semi-Closed Gas Turbine/Combined Cycle) concepts is presented, ranging from thermodynamic performance (efficiency and specific power output) to projected data for plant construction and operating costs. Both options appear to be of potential interest to electric utilities considering advanced gas turbine power plants, with significant differences form the point of view of plant size, water consumption, and adaptability to advanced developments for the limitation of environmental impact (CO2 emissions).

Thermodynamic Performance Enhancement of Marine Gas Turbine by Using Detonation Combustion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningbo Zhao ◽  
Hongtao Zheng ◽  
Xueyou Wen ◽  
Dongming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Detonation Combustion ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

As a prospective pressure gain combustion technology, detonation combustion has obvious potential for greatly increasing the thermodynamic performance of marine gas turbine due to its advantage in low entropy generation, fast heat release and self-pressurization. In this paper, a thermodynamic cycle model of detonation combustion based marine gas turbine is established considering the variable specific heat capacity. On this basis, a comparative analysis is investigated to discuss the effects of different factors on the performance enhancement of marine gas turbine by using detonation combustion. The results demonstrate that compared to the conventional deflagration combustion, detonation combustion can significantly improve the thermodynamic performance of marine gas turbine under various condition. As far as the present study is concerned, the thermal cycle efficiency can be increased to 42.97∼46.76%. Besides, it is found that the effects of pressure ratio on performance enhancements of marine gas turbine are higher than those of atmospheric temperature and temperature ratio. When pressure ratio is ranged from 13 to 30, both thermal cycle efficiency and specific power enhancements are about 20∼27%.

Design Study of a Humidification Tower for the Advanced Humid Air Turbine System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Araki ◽  
Shinichi Higuchi ◽  
Shinya Marushima ◽  
Shigeo Hatamiya
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Water Atomization ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Compressor Work

The AHAT (advanced humid air turbine) system, which can be equipped with a heavy-duty, single-shaft gas turbine, aims at high efficiency equal to that of the HAT system. Instead of an intercooler, a WAC (water atomization cooling) system is used to reduce compressor work. The characteristics of a humidification tower (a saturator), which is used as a humidifier for the AHAT system, were studied. The required packing height and the exit water temperature from the humidification tower were analyzed for five virtual gas turbine systems with different capacities (1MW, 3.2MW, 10MW, 32MW and 100MW) and pressure ratios (π = 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24). Thermal efficiency of the system was compared with that of a simple cycle and a recuperative cycle with and without the WAC system. When the packing height of the humidification tower was changed, the required size varied for the three heat exchangers around the humidification tower (a recuperator, an economizer and an air cooler). The packing height with which the sum total of the size of the packing and these heat exchangers became a minimum was 1m for the lowest pressure ratio case, and 6m for the highest pressure ratio case.

Impact of Inlet Fogging on the Performance of Steam Injected Cooled Gas Turbine Based Combined Cycle Power Plant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar Shukla ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Gas/steam combined cycle power plants are extensively used for power generation across the world. Today’s power plant operators are persistently requesting enhancement in performance. As a result, the rigour of thermodynamic design and optimization has grown tremendously. To enhance the gas turbine thermal efficiency and specific power output, the research and development work has centered on improving firing temperature, cycle pressure ratio, adopting improved component design, cooling and combustion technologies, and advanced materials and employing integrated system (e.g. combined cycles, intercooling, recuperation, reheat, chemical recuperation). In this paper a study is conducted for combining three systems namely inlet fogging, steam injection in combustor, and film cooling of gas turbine blade for performance enhancement of gas/steam combined cycle power plant. The evaluation of the integrated effect of inlet fogging, steam injection and film cooling on the gas turbine cycle performance is undertaken here. Study involves thermodynamic modeling of gas/steam combined cycle system based on the first law of thermodynamics. The results obtained based on modeling have been presented and analyzed through graphical depiction of variations in efficiency, specific work output, cycle pressure ratio, inlet air temperature & density variation, turbine inlet temperature, specific fuel consumption etc.

Design Study of an Advanced Concept Simple Gas Turbine for Possible Use in Low Emission Automobiles

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Eatock ◽  
M. D. Stoten
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
High Pressure Ratio

United Aircraft Corporation studied the potential costs of various possible gas turbine engines which might be used to reduce automobile exhaust emissions. As part of that study, United Aircraft of Canada undertook the preliminary design and performance analysis of high-pressure-ratio nonregenerated (simple cycle) gas turbine engines. For the first time, high levels of single-stage component efficiency are available extending from a pressure ratio less than 4 up to 10 or 12 to 1. As a result, the study showed that the simple-cycle engine may provide satisfactory running costs with significantly lower manufacturing costs and NOx emissions than a regenerated engine. In this paper some features of the preliminary design of both single-shaft and a free power turbine version of this engine are examined. The major component technology assumptions, in particular the high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor, employed for performance extrapolation are explained and compared with current technology. The potential low NOx emissions of the simple-cycle gas turbine compared to regenerative or recuperative gas turbines is discussed. Finally, some of the problems which might be encountered in using this totally different power plant for the conventional automobile are identified.

Parametric analysis of a gas turbine cycle coupled to a Brayton refrigeration cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Chen ◽  
W Zhang ◽  
F Sun
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Brayton Refrigeration Cycle

Performance analysis and optimization of an endoreversible Brayton cycle coupled to a Brayton refrigeration cycle has been performed using finite-time thermodynamics. The analy-tical formulae are derived with respect to power, efficiency, optimal extracted pressure ratio of air refrigeration cycle corresponding to optimal power, optimal power and the corresponding efficiency. The influences of various parameters on the cycle performances are analysed by numerical examples. The results show that there exists one optimal pressure ratio of the compressor corresponding to maximum power and another optimal pressure ratio of the compressor corresponding to maximum efficiency; the compressor inlet temperature is reduced by mixing the chilled working fluid from the Brayton refrigeration cycle and the main intake working fluid streams; the intake working fluid temperature could be controlled even below the temperature of the heat sink and the gas turbine performance can be improved.

Study of Humid Air Gas Turbine System by Experiment and Analysis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Takahashi ◽  
Yutaka Watanabe ◽  
Hidefumi Araki ◽  
Takashi Eta
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Humid Air

Humid air gas turbine systems that are regenerative cycle using humidified air can achieve higher thermal efficiency than gas turbine combined cycle power plant (GTCC) even though they do not require a steam turbine, a high combustion temperature, or a high pressure ratio. In particular, the advanced humid air gas turbine (AHAT) system appears to be highly suitable for practical use because its composition is simpler than that of other systems. Moreover, the difference in thermal efficiency between AHAT and GTCC is greater for small and medium-size gas turbines. To verify the system concept and the cycle performance of the AHAT system, a 3MW-class pilot plant was constructed that consists of a gas turbine with a two-stage centrifugal compressor, a two-stage axial turbine, a reverse-flow-type single-can combustor, a recuperator, a humidification tower, a water recovery tower, and other components. As a result of an operation test, the planned power output of 3.6MW was achieved, so that it has been confirmed the feasibility of the AHAT as a power-generating system. In this study, running tests on the AHAT pilot plant is carried out over one year, and various characteristics such as the effect of changes in ambient temperature, part-load characteristics, and start-up characteristics were clarified by analyzing the data obtained from the running tests.

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