Heat Compensation in Buildings Using Thermoelectric Windows: An Energy Efficient Window Technology

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys-Sheffer Birthwright ◽  
Achille Messac ◽  
Timothy Harren-Lewis ◽  
Sirisha Rangavajhala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Current Input ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Window Design ◽  
Absorption Power ◽  
Do So

In this paper, we explore the design of thermoelectric (TE) windows for applications in building structures. Thermoelectric windows are equipped with TE units in the window frame to provide a heat absorption power, given a direct current input. We explore the design performance of the TE window to compensate for its own heat gains. While existing energy efficient windows have made advances towards reducing the heat transfer through them, they still depend on the building’s heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system to compensate for their heat gains. Our research explores the design of a window that can actively compensate for the passive heat flow through the window panes, and to do so with a better coefficient of performance (COP) than conventional HVAC systems. We also optimize the TE window design, and present results of the potential performance for practical applications in the building structure. For the geographic locations considered (Hawaii and Miami), the results are promising. Interestingly, the proposed TE window design actively compensates for the conduction heat gains with a COP greater than three, while that of conventional systems is typically less than three.

A Review of Desiccant Cooling Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Waugaman ◽  
A. Kini ◽  
C. F. Kettleborough
Keyword(s):  
Operating Costs ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cooling Coils ◽  
Conventional Cooling ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Made In

This paper describes recent published design advances that have been made in desiccant cooling systems. In desiccant cooling cycles, the desiccant reduces the humidity of the air by removing moisture from the air. Then the temperature is reduced by other components such as heat exchangers, evaporative coolers, or conventional cooling coils. The main advantage that desiccant cooling systems offer is the capability of using low-grade thermal energy. Desiccant cooling systems for residential and commercial applications are now being used to reduce energy-operating costs. However, the initial costs are comparatively high. The focus of research for the past decade has been to develop desiccant systems with a high coefficient of performance. Recent studies have emphasized computer modeling and hybrid systems that combine desiccant dehumidifiers with conventional systems.

scholarly journals Bioinspired inner microstructured tube controlled capillary rise

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (26) ◽  
pp. 12704-12709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuxin Li ◽  
Haoyu Dai ◽  
Can Gao ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Zhichao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Diode Behavior ◽  
Water Elevation

Effective, long-range, and self-propelled water elevation and transport are important in industrial, medical, and agricultural applications. Although research has grown rapidly, existing methods for water film elevation are still limited. Scaling up for practical applications in an energy-efficient way remains a challenge. Inspired by the continuous water cross-boundary transport on the peristome surface ofNepenthes alata, here we demonstrate the use of peristome-mimetic structures for controlled water elevation by bending biomimetic plates into tubes. The fabricated structures have unique advantages beyond those of natural pitcher plants: bulk water diode transport behavior is achieved with a high-speed passing state (several centimeters per second on a milliliter scale) and a gating state as a result of the synergistic effect between peristome-mimetic structures and tube curvature without external energy input. Significantly, on further bending the peristome-mimetic tube into a “candy cane”-shaped pipe, a self-siphon with liquid diode behavior is achieved. Such a transport mechanism should inspire the design of next generation water transport devices.

scholarly journals Policies and Status of Window Design for Energy Efficient Buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Sook Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Bae ◽  
Young Don Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Window Design

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Coding with Discrete Stochastic Events

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schreiber ◽  
Christian K. Machens ◽  
Andreas. V. M. Herz ◽  
Simon B. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Signaling Cost ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Stochastic Events

We investigate the energy efficiency of signaling mechanisms that transfer information by means of discrete stochastic events, such as the opening or closing of an ion channel. Using a simple model for the generation of graded electrical signals by sodium and potassium channels, we find optimum numbers of channels that maximize energy efficiency. The optima depend on several factors: the relative magnitudes of the signaling cost (current flow through channels), the fixed cost of maintaining the system, the reliability of the input, additional sources of noise, and the relative costs of upstream and downstream mechanisms. We also analyze how the statistics of input signals influence energy efficiency. We find that energy-efficient signal ensembles favor a bimodal distribution of channel activations and contain only a very small fraction of large inputs when energy is scarce. We conclude that when energy use is a significant constraint, trade-offs between information transfer and energy can strongly influence the number of signaling molecules and synapses used by neurons and the manner in which these mechanisms represent information.

Anodic Degradation of Toxic Aromatic Compound in the Flow Through Cell with Carbon Fiber Electrode

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang Hee Yoon ◽  
Euh Duck Jeong ◽  
Yoon Bo Shim ◽  
Mi Sook Won
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Current Input ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Carbon Fiber Electrode ◽  
Fiber Electrode

The anodic degradation of aqueous phenol and 2-chlorophenol, which are model organic pollutants, has been studied using a flow-through electrochemical cell (FTEC) with carbon fibers as an anode material. For a controlled current electrolysis of an aqueous solution of 2-chlorophenol and phenol, experimental variables, including such as, the current input, the reaction time, and the flow rate of the solutions were considered. The degradation products of the oxidation reactions were identified with HPLC, GC/MS. Small aliphatic acids and CO2 were the main products. Depending on the values of the applied current and reaction time, a complete degradation or the partial oxidation of the compounds to other intermediates was obtained. At the flow rates of 2-6 mL/s were effective on the degradation efficiencies of the 2-chlorophenol and phenol.

Experimental Investigation on the Efficiency of a Control Dependent NiTi-Based Cooling Process

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Schütze ◽  
Stefan Seelecke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The Impact

Energy efficient systems and environmentally friendly solutions are the focus of many commercial development projects. Current refrigeration technology carries a significant share of global energy consumption and exploring alternative refrigeration principles has become increasingly important. Shape memory alloys (SMA’s), especially Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys, generate a large amount of latent heat during solid-state phase transformations, which can lead to a significant cooling effect in the material. These materials not only provide the potential for an energy efficient cooling process, they also minimize the impact on the environment by reducing the need for conventional ozone-depleting refrigerants. This paper presents the first experimental results obtained in a project within the DFG Priority Programme SPP 1599 “Ferroic Cooling”. It focuses on the performance of a control-dependent process of a NiTi-based cooling system. First, a suitable cooling process is introduced and the underlying mechanisms of the process are explained. Then different process variations are developed, which influence the efficiency of the cooling process. These process variations are systematically analyzed with a novel, experimental testing system capable of tuning process parameters independently. The testing system is able to measure force, displacement, temperature distribution and heat simultaneously. The coefficient of performance (of the cooling process) can then be determined by which the influence of the control process on the efficiency can be observed.

scholarly journals Experimental testing of the new flow equation of cement dispersion

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 051-062
Author(s):  
Jerzy Szerafin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Annular Pipe

The new flow equation of cement dispersion included factor of the friction between cement grains is presented in the paper. The analysis of the calculation’s results confirms the property of new equation. In the main part of the paper the results of experimental research were presented. The first part of research applies to cement flow through annular pipe, which exactly matches the theoretical model assumptions. The second part of flow tests was carried out in aggregate pile, which is typical to many practical applications of cement injection. Calculation and experimental test’s results are compatible and proof the correctness of new flow equations.

scholarly journals Promoting Energy-Efficient Behavior by Depicting Social Norms in a Recommender Interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Alain Starke ◽  
Martijn Willemsen ◽  
Chris Snijders
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Recommender Systems ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
User Data ◽  
Smart Thermostat ◽  
Normative Messages ◽  
Do So

How can recommender interfaces help users to adopt new behaviors? In the behavioral change literature, social norms and other nudges are studied to understand how people can be convinced to take action (e.g., towel re-use is boosted when stating that “75% of hotel guests” do so), but most of these nudges are not personalized. In contrast, recommender systems know what to recommend in a personalized way, but not much human-computer interaction ( HCI ) research has considered how personalized advice should be presented to help users to change their current habits. We examine the value of depicting normative messages (e.g., “75% of users do X”), based on actual user data, in a personalized energy recommender interface called “Saving Aid.” In a study among 207 smart thermostat owners, we compared three different normative explanations (“Global.” “Similar,” and “Experienced” norm rates) to a non-social baseline (“kWh savings”). Although none of the norms increased the total number of chosen measures directly, we show that depicting high peer adoption rates alongside energy-saving measures increased the likelihood that they would be chosen from a list of recommendations. In addition, we show that depicting social norms positively affects a user’s evaluation of a recommender interface.

scholarly journals Light concrete based on foam polyamidbe-tonic composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Левон Маилян ◽  
Levon Mailyan ◽  
Татьяна Голова ◽  
Tat'yana Golova
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Layer Structures

One of the most important tasks of construction is the use of energy-efficient sin-gle-layer structures based on foam concrete and an increase in their bearing ca-pacity due to the use of fiber reinforcement, which will significantly improve the performance properties of fiber-reinforced concrete. Strength characteristics of fibro-foam concrete reinforced with polyamide granules with various types of filler and recommendations for its use in building structures were obtained. These experimental studies allow us to recommend the optimal composition of polyam-ide concrete compositions.

scholarly journals A FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS OF A JET EJECTOR SYSTEM USED IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
IONEL OLARU
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Ejector System ◽  
Fluid Flow Analysis ◽  
Conventional Systems

Many studies have been conducted for jet ejectors used in the recovery of solar energy or for their use in refrigeration systems for various industrial applications. Generally, these types of ejectors are using water as the working fluid because water have a low cost, a chemical stability and is safe to use. Naturally, other refrigerants, with large-scale application for industry, can be used. In such a type of jet ejector, besides selection of the refrigerant, the design of ejector is very important, with strongly influence to the performance, because the compression ratio depends on the geometry of the nozzle and on the geometry of the diffuser. Compared to other refrigeration systems, those with ejector have some advantages: simplicity in construction, high liability and low cost. However, it has a coefficient of performance lower than conventional systems, this limited the widespread application of ejector refrigeration systems.

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