Distillation Cost Calculations of Various Designs of Conventional Solar Still Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
The Cost

On the basis of experimental results obtained during performance evaluation of five types of solar stills, kept in outdoor conditions on a single plate form, the cost of distilled water produced have been calculated by using a uniform cost analysis method. The experiments were performed at I.I.T. Delhi, India during year 2001–2002 under summer and winter, both the climatic conditions. It can be concluded that the cost of distilled water produced from a multiwick double slope solar still is lesser than other solar stills due to higher yield/hour. However for small scale purposes, multiwick single slope solar still is better option.

scholarly journals Optimization and Economic Analysis for Small-Scale Movable LNG Liquefaction Process with Leakage Considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5391
Author(s):  
Sang Hyun Lee ◽  
Dong-Ha Lim ◽  
Kyungtae Park
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Product Cost ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Liquefaction Process ◽  
Lng Liquefaction ◽  
The Cost

In this study, exergy and economic analysis were conducted to gain insight on small-scale movable LNG liquefaction considering leakage. Optimization and comparison were performed to demonstrate the quantitative results of single mixed refrigerant, dual nitrogen expansion, and the propane pre-cooling self-refrigeration processes. For the optimization, exergy efficiency was used as the objective function; the results showed that exergy efficiencies are 38.85%, 19.96%, and 13.65%, for single mixed refrigerant, dual nitrogen expansion, and propane pre-cooling self-refrigeration, respectively. Further, the cost analysis showed that the product cost of each process is 4002.3 USD/tpa, 5490.2 USD/tpa, and 9608.5 USD/tpa. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine parameters that affect exergy and cost. The SMR process is the most competitive in terms of exergy efficiency, product cost, and operability, without considering makeup facilities.

EU demonstration project for separate discharge and treatment of urine, faeces and greywater – Part II: Cost comparison of different sanitation systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oldenburg ◽  
A. Peter-Fröhlich ◽  
C. Dlabacs ◽  
L. Pawlowski ◽  
A. Bonhomme
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

The experience from the EU demonstration project was used for a cost analysis of different sanitation systems with regard to nutrient recycling. The analysis was made for an existing residential area, for which the different sanitation systems have been applied. The cost calculations were made for a lifetime of 50 years. The multiple sewer systems cause higher investment costs, mainly for the installation of the additional facilities; the investment costs for the treatment are lower. The cost analysis did not prove lower costs for the new sanitation concepts in this special case in comparison with the conventional system. Economic benefits are demonstrated for the operation costs. The result will be reinforced by the consideration of an increase of the energy costs. The revenues for the nutrient related products have only a very small impact on the result.

Using Homer Software for Cost Analysis of Stand-Alone Power Generation for Small Scale Industry in Nigeria: A Case Study Lumatec Aluminium Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Luqman Raji ◽  
Zhigilla Y.I ◽  
Wadai J
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Nigeria is one of developing countries in the world that experience shortage of electricity for her economic and social development. In Nigeria, most of the small-scale industries use diesel/petrol-based systems to generate their electricity. However, due to the cost fluctuation of oil and gas fuel, an alternative power generation should be considered. This paper targets to examine the cost analysis of system for supplying electricity to LUMATEC Aluminium products shop in Mubi, Adamawa state Nigeria. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) is used as a tool for cost analysis. The scenario consider in this study was only stand-alone with battery system. Results revealed that the system have 10kW PV with cost of electricity (COE) of $0.312/kW. The initial capital cost and total net present cost (NPC) are $21.775 and $26.148 respectively, with payback period of 5.8years. In conclusion, this study provides the solution of power supply to the small-scale industries at cost effective and available throughout the year and it is feasible to solve the small-scale industries, rural and urban electricity supplying in this country (Nigeria). It is recommended that Nigerian Government & Law makers should promotes the use of standalone PV system for domestic and small-scale industry by providing financial assistance through soft loans, subsides and grants.

The Research on Cost Analysis of Mechanical Product Manufacturing Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 2009-2015
Author(s):  
Zi Jing Wang ◽  
Yu Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Medical Product ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, through a medical product company cost analysis, the main characteristics and the existing problems are obtained in the development of the company, the analysis results show that: the importance and validity of the cost analysis method. At the same time, the results of the analysis can predict the future of enterprise and provide the beneficial reference for the enterprise investors and other information users. Also, it is helpful to make the right decisions and evaluate of enterprise status.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Small-Scale Mechanical Fish Feeder

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
S. A. Fasoyin ◽  
W. A. Akinfiresoye ◽  
L. A. S. Agbetoye ◽  
L. A. Olutayo ◽  
O. Adetuyi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Reducing Gear ◽  
Constant Moisture Content ◽  
Machine Speed ◽  
The Cost

The performance evaluation of an existing mechanical fish feeder was carried out. Floating feeds of sizes 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm at constant moisture content of 13 % were fed into the feeder. The feeder was powered by a 3-phase, 1.5 kW reducing gear electric motor at speed 40 rpm, 50 rpm, 60 rpm, 70 rpm and 80 rpm machine. It was observed that the horizontal screw conveyor effectively transported the material from the hopper to the discharged point. The results obtained from the tests showed an optimal performance of the machine at speed 50 rpm with dispensing efficiency of 93.1 % for 2 mm feed size, while the throughput was 75.76 kg/h at motor speed of 80 rpm also for the 2 mm fish feed size. The ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05 showed that machine speed has significant effect on its dispensing efficiency and the throughput capacity. The cost of production of the mechanical fish feeder was ₦262,300 which made it affordable for young entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of a Tilt Single Slope Solar Still Integrated with Aluminum Condensate Plate

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Naseer T. Alwan ◽  
Milia H. Majeed ◽  
Sergey E. Shcheklein ◽  
Obed M. Ali ◽  
Seepana PraveenKumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
The Cost

The low freshwater productivity of a conventional solar still is considered a challenge for researchers due to the high temperature of the glass cover or basin water depth. In current work, a newly designed solar still was suggested according to the climatic conditions of Yekaterinburg/Russia, which included an enhanced condensation and evaporation process by spraying a thin water film on a hot absorber plate and then passing the generated water vapor by free convection over the aluminum plate (low temperature). The distillation system under study was tested during July 2020 and 29 July was chosen as a typical day from 08:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. The results showed that the largest amount of water vapor condenses on the aluminum plate (about 46%), and the rest condenses on the glass cover. This means that the aluminum plate effectively improved productivity due to the flow of humid air naturally (free convection) on the aluminum plate (its surface temperature was lower than that of the glass cover). The cost analytical calculations showed that the cost of producing one liter of distilled water from the suggested solar still was 0.063$.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Hemispherical Solar Stills With Various Modifications to Obtain Modified and Inexpensive Stills Models 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Hadi Attia ◽  
abd elnaby kabeel ◽  
Mohamed Abdelgaied ◽  
Gamal B. Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Vapor Condensation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study is intended to comparative and analyze the operational performances of the conventional hemispherical solar still (CHSS), hemispherical solar still with glass cover cooling (HSS-C), and hemispherical solar still with CuO-water based nanofluid (HSS-N). To Obtain the best modifications that achieve the highest productivity with the lower inexpensive. The conventional hemispherical still (CHSS) was utilized as the reference case to investigate the best modification. In the first modification, CuO nanoparticles with three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) were added to the basin water, to increase the intensity of absorbed solar energy, improve the thermal properties of basin fluid, and then increase the rate of vapor generation inside the distillation basin. In the second modification, water film glass cooling technology with three different flow rates (1.5, 2, and 2.5 L/h) was utilized to increase the water vapor condensation rate. The experiments test of the three distillers (CHSS, HSS-N, and HSS-C) was conducted at the same weather conditions at 1 cm basin fluid depth. The average daily accumulative yield of CHSS is 3.85 L/m2/day, while the daily accumulative yield of HSS-N increases to 5.75, 6.40, and 6.80 L/m2/day with improvement 49.3, 66.2, and 76.6% at volume fraction 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. Also, the daily accumulative yield of HSS-C increases to 4.9, 5.35, and 5.7 L/m2/day with improvements of 27.3, 39, and 48% at water film flow rates of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 L/h, respectively. The cost of distilled water produced from CHSS is 0.0106 $/L, while the utilization of HSS-C (2.5 L/h) and HSS-N (0.3%) reduces the cost of distilled water to 0.0072 and 0.0066 $/L, respectively. Based on accumulative yield and economic analyzes, it is recommended that utilized the modified HSS-N (0.3% volume fraction) to achieving the highest accumulative yield and the lowest price of the produced distilled water.

Experimental investigation of Brackish Water Desalination using a Semi Spherical Solar Still

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Ali A. F. Al-Hamadani ◽  
Mohammed G. Al-Azawyb ◽  
Mohammed Hameed Ghareeb Al Dulfi
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
Total Irradiation ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Better Than

The intensity of radiation reaches 930 W/m2 during April, 2016 in Kut city. Thus this city is suitable to use application of solar energy such as solar still. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the production of Semi Spherical Solar Still (SS-SS) with and without Charcoal. It was measured in the climatic conditions of Kut, Wasit (32o N latitude), Iraq. The still consists of square basin of length 0.3 m and area 0.09 m2 made of Aluminum. The square absorber basin is painted with black paint for maximum absorption of incident solar radiation. It was found that the productivity of Semi spherical solar still without charcoal is better than the using of charcoal at depth of basin water (dbw=1.5 & 2cm). The productivity of SS-SS without charcoal was 2.7 lit/m2 for 6 hours at total irradiation 5935 W/m2. Whereas 2.5 lit/m2 for SS-SS with charcoal at total irradiation 5845 W/m2 for dbw=1.5cm. In addition, the instantaneous efficiency reaches 58% without charcoal and 70% with charcoal at dbw=1.5cm at 3:00PM. The salinity of water before desalination in SS-SS was 999.54 ppm and becomes 4.06 ppm after desalination. It could be concluded that the semi spherical solar still can be used for distilled water production

Performance evaluation of a new stepped solar still under the desert climatic conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 1749-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zine Saadi ◽  
Ahmed Rahmani ◽  
Salah Lachtar ◽  
Hamou Soualmi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Still

Investigation of a Desalination System With the Hybrid Solar/Electrical Heating Module

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Van-Thoai Nguyen ◽  
Wei-Cheng Hung ◽  
Tsung-Chieh Cheng ◽  
Te-Hua Fang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

Abstract An integrated desalination system with a combination of electrical heating by power supply and solar heating by Fresnel lens with the sun tracking system was investigated in this study. The experiments were carried out under the climatic conditions of Kaohsiung City (22 deg36′58″ N, 120 deg18′47″ E), Taiwan. With only solar heating by the Fresnel lens, the temperature of the seawater is strongly dependent on the position of the seawater tray and climatic conditions, and seawater evaporation is not stable. To maintain the uniform evaporation of seawater, an electrical heating plate was also used to provide energy for the desalination process. The results indicate that there are two desalination processes: evaporation on the surface of the seawater and boiling inside the seawater. The production of distilled water is greatly improved with this solar/electrical desalination system, especially at the boiling temperature. The results indicate that the energy efficiency and recovery efficiency of this desalination system increase rapidly as electrical power increases. In this study, the commercial energy efficiency of the system can reach 85%, and the recovery efficiency can approach 56.52%. Additionally, a higher annual productivity (6036 l) is obtained, and the cost per liter of distilled water is about 0.152 (US$/l).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document