Enhanced Gasification of Waste Glycerol Over Ni/SiC Catalyst for Fuel Gas Production

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Waste Glycerol

The amount of waste glycerol from biodiesel production increases sharply due to greater use of this alternative fuel from high cost and adverse environmental effect of conventional fossil fuel. The crude glycerol can convert to fuel gas (mainly CO, H2, and CH4) through thermochemical conversion processes such as gasification and pyrolysis. In this study, pyrolysis and gasification of glycerol waste were studied in a laboratory scale quartz tube reactor using silicon carbide (SiC) as a bed medium. In order to improve the conversion efficiency while minimizing tar formation, nickel catalyst supported by SiC was synthesized using wet impregnation method and used in some trials. It was found during pyrolysis runs that carbon and hydrogen conversion of glycerol increased with temperature of 600–800°C in the range of 18.72–95.33% and 16.26–96.30%, respectively. When varying the air fuel ratio from 0–0.25 at 800°C, complete conversion of crude glycerol may be achieved both for pyrolysis and gasification conditions. This may be due to the dominant of steam gasification reactions from 13.56% moisture content in crude glycerol which controls the overall reactions at that high temperature. However at lower temperature of 600°C, carbon and hydrogen conversion of crude glycerol decreased to 18.72–42.23% and 16.26–35.27%, respectively. Increase in residence time from 1.3–4.0 second did not significantly affect the conversion efficiency for pyrolysis at 600°C which indicated that the kinetic of these decomposition reactions proceed at rapid rates even at the minimum hold time used in this work. Catalytic conversion of crude glycerol with 10% nickel on silicon carbide (Ni/SiC) was performed using pyrolysis condition at 600°C to obtain higher conversion efficiency. The results revealed that non-reduced and reduced catalyst, could increase the production of synthesis gas as much as 1.02 and 0.56 times when compared with non-catalytic process, respectively. It may be suggested from high energy content as well as product gas quality that using Ni/SiC catalyst is suitable for thermal conversion of waste glycerol to fuel gas that may be further utilized with minimum treatment. The obtained synthesis gas may be utilized for direct heat and power or further transformed to other alternatives fuels which help increase value and at the same time minimize the waste management requirement of this industrial waste.

scholarly journals A Review of Catalytic Upgrading of Biodiesel Waste Glycerol to Valuable Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Xue-Lian Li ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Shen-Xi Pan ◽  
Yu He ◽  
Fei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Catalytic Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Reactions

: Glycerol is an organic polyol compound, and is an important raw material with extensive applications in daily/petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry. Glycerol is typically obtained by propylene chlorination, while the method used is complicated process and requires high energy consumption. Interestingly, glycerol is recognized as a major by-product of biodiesel production. Approximately 100 kg of glycerol is yielded for 1 tonne of biodiesel production. With the rapid development of the biodiesel industry, glycerol production capacity has been a serious surplus. This review introduces the selective conversion of glycerol into a variety of value-added chemicals such as propylene glycol, propanol, glyceraldehyde, and dihydroxyacetone via selective hydrogenation and oxidation, as well as hydrocarbons and ethers via pyrolysis, gasification and etherification, respectively. The efficiency of different types of catalysts and the influence of reaction parameters on the valorisation of glycerol have been elucidated. Emphasis is also laid on the study of catalytic mechanisms and pathways for some specific reactions.

scholarly journals Valorization of Waste Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone with Biocatalysts Obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Stasiak-Różańska ◽  
Anna Berthold-Pluta ◽  
Pritam Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Waste glycerol is the main by-product generated during biodiesel production, in an amount reaching up to 10% of the produced biofuel. Is there any method which allows changing this waste into industrial valuable compounds? This manuscript describes a method for valorization of crude glycerol via microbial bioconversion. It has been shown that the use of free and immobilized biocatalysts obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans can enable beneficial valorization of crude glycerol to industrially valuable dihydroxyacetone. The highest concentration of this compound, reaching over 20 g·L−1, was obtained after 72 h of biotransformation with free G. oxydans cells, in a medium containing 30 or 50 g·L−1 of waste glycerol. Using a free cell extract resulted in higher concentrations of dihydroxyacetone and a higher valorization efficiency (up to 98%) compared to the reaction with an immobilized cell extract. Increasing waste glycerol concentration to 50 g·L−1 causes neither a faster nor higher increase in product yield and reaction efficiency compared to its initial concentration of 30 g·L−1. The proposed method could be an alternative for utilization of a petrochemical waste into industry applicated chemicals.

scholarly journals Potential of different Xanthomonas campestris strains for xanthan biosynthesis on waste glycerol from biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Zorana Rončević ◽  
Ida Zahović ◽  
Nikolina Danilović ◽  
Siniša Dodić ◽  
Jovana Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Xanthan Production ◽  
The Media

A rapid expansion of the biodiesel industry has created various ecological issues relative to crude glycerol disposal. Xanthan biosynthesis is considered one of the sustainable solutions for minimizing the adverse effects of waste crude glycerol on the environment. The initial phase of xanthan production on crude glycerol entails the screening of producing microorganism. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of xanthan production on a crude glycerol-based medium using different Xanthomonas campestris strains. The bioprocesses performed were assessed according to the rheology of the media considered, amounts of xanthan produced and conversion degrees of the most important nutrients present. The pseudoplastic behavior of all the media considered, the amounts of xanthan produced (5.22-7.67 g/L) and the degrees of crude glycerol, total nitrogen and phosphorus conversion (34.44-57.61 %, 23.04-30.35 % and 18.20-22.28 %, respectively) suggest that crude glycerol, after additional bioprocess optimization, can be a suitable raw material for the industrial production of xanthan.

scholarly journals Digestible energy of crude glycerol for pacu and silver catfish

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ernesto Balen ◽  
Patrick Nereu Tetu ◽  
Robie Allan Bombardelli ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Fábio Meurer
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Good Potential

The increase in global biodiesel production is originating a glycerol surplus, which has no defined destination. An alternative to overcome this problem is its use as energy source in animal feeding. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most farmed native fish species, whereas Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) is suitable for production in subtropical region. Considering little knowledge about crude glycerol utilization in feeds for Neotropical fish species, it was evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for energy of crude glycerol for P. mesopotamicus and R. quelen. The digestibility and digestible energy content of crude glycerol can be considered excellent even when compared to energy of common ingredients such as maize and wheat, presenting 0.97 and 0.89 of energy ADCs, and 15.2 and 13.95MJ kg-1 of digestible energy for Pacu and Silver catfish, respectively. In conclusion, crude glycerol is an energetic ingredient with good potential in Brazilian native fish diets.

Experimental Study of a 200 kW Partial Oxidation Gas Turbine (POGT) for Co-Production of Power and Hydrogen-Enriched Fuel Gas

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rabovitser ◽  
Stan Wohadlo ◽  
John M. Pratapas ◽  
Serguei Nester ◽  
Mehmet Tartan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Oxidation Reactor

Paper presents the results from development and successful testing of a 200 kW POGT prototype. There are two major design features that distinguish POGT from a conventional gas turbine: a POGT utilizes a partial oxidation reactor (POR) in place of a conventional combustor which leads to a much smaller compressor requirement versus comparably rated conventional gas turbine. From a thermodynamic perspective, the working fluid provided by the POR has higher specific heat than lean combustion products enabling the POGT expander to extract more energy per unit mass of fluid. The POGT exhaust is actually a secondary fuel gas that can be combusted in different bottoming cycles or used as synthesis gas for hydrogen or other chemicals production. Conversion steps for modifying a 200 kW radial turbine to POGT duty are described including: utilization of the existing (unmodified) expander; replacement of the combustor with a POR unit; introduction of steam for cooling of the internal turbine structure; and installation of a bypass air port for bleeding excess air from the compressor discharge because of 45% reduction in combustion air requirements. The engine controls that were re-configured for start-up and operation are reviewed including automation of POGT start-up and loading during light-off at lean condition, transition from lean to rich combustion during acceleration, speed control and stabilization under rich operation. Changes were implemented in microprocessor-based controllers. The fully-integrated POGT unit was installed and operated in a dedicated test cell at GTI equipped with extensive process instrumentation and data acquisition systems. Results from a parametric experimental study of POGT operation for co-production of power and H2-enriched synthesis gas are provided.

scholarly journals Use of Bioproducts Derived from Mixed Microbial Cultures Grown with Crude Glycerol to Protect Recycled Concrete Surfaces

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2057
Author(s):  
Lorena Serrano-González ◽  
Daniel Merino-Maldonado ◽  
Manuel Ignacio Guerra-Romero ◽  
Julia María Morán-del Pozo ◽  
Paulo Costa Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
Mixed Microbial Cultures

The large increase in the world population has resulted in a very large amount of construction waste, as well as a large amount of waste glycerol from transesterification reactions of acyl glycerides from oils and fats, in particular from the production of biodiesel. Only a limited percentage of these two residues are recycled, which generates a large management problem worldwide. For that reason, in this study, we used crude glycerol as a carbon source to cultivate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-producing mixed microbial cultures (MMC). Two bioproducts derived from these cultures were applied on the surface of concrete with recycled aggregate to create a protective layer. To evaluate the effect of the treatments, tests of water absorption by capillarity and under low pressure with Karsten tubes were performed. Furthermore, SEM-EDS analysis showed the physical barrier caused by biotreatments that produced a reduction on capillarity water absorption of up to 20% and improved the impermeability of recycled concrete against the penetration of water under pressure up to 2.7 times relative to the reference. Therefore, this bioproduct shown to be a promising treatment to protect against penetration of water to concrete surfaces increasing its durability and useful life.

Effect of Silicon Carbide Susceptor and Nickel Catalyst Content on Microwave Enhanced Thermal Conversion of Glycerol Waste

2010 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Yotwadee Hawangchu ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Content ◽  
Transesterification Method

Glycerol waste is by-product from the manufacturing of biodiesel by transesterification method containing impurities such as fatty acid, alcohol, spent catalyst, soap and water. Conversion of this waste to value added fuel products would not only improve economic of biodiesel production but also reduce environmental impact from this process. In this work, thermal conversion of glycerol waste by microwave that induced the heat required for initiating the reaction was carried out in a fixed bed quartz reactor using silicon carbide as the bed medium for microwave receptor as well as supporter for nickel catalyst. For non-catalytic reaction at 220W (700°C), carbon and hydrogen conversions were 22.89% and 19.59%, respectively. Gas production was 0.12 L/min syngas, 0.07 L/min H2, 0.82 MJ/m3 of LHV, and 1.27 H2/CO. In catalytic test, the highest syngas, H2, and LHV of 0.41 L/min, 0.23 L/min, and 9.18 MJ/m3, respectively, were obtained from 1%Ni/SiC while the highest H2/CO of 2.72 was obtained from 0.5%Ni/SiC. The 1%Ni/SiC test also resulted in the highest conversion of carbon and hydrogen as much as 79.50% and 83.26%, respectively. For comparison between fresh and regenerated catalysts, it was found that fresh catalyst performed significantly better that regenerated one in term of higher total conversion which may due to sodium deposition on spent catalyst surface.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document