scholarly journals Valorization of Waste Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone with Biocatalysts Obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Stasiak-Różańska ◽  
Anna Berthold-Pluta ◽  
Pritam Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Waste glycerol is the main by-product generated during biodiesel production, in an amount reaching up to 10% of the produced biofuel. Is there any method which allows changing this waste into industrial valuable compounds? This manuscript describes a method for valorization of crude glycerol via microbial bioconversion. It has been shown that the use of free and immobilized biocatalysts obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans can enable beneficial valorization of crude glycerol to industrially valuable dihydroxyacetone. The highest concentration of this compound, reaching over 20 g·L−1, was obtained after 72 h of biotransformation with free G. oxydans cells, in a medium containing 30 or 50 g·L−1 of waste glycerol. Using a free cell extract resulted in higher concentrations of dihydroxyacetone and a higher valorization efficiency (up to 98%) compared to the reaction with an immobilized cell extract. Increasing waste glycerol concentration to 50 g·L−1 causes neither a faster nor higher increase in product yield and reaction efficiency compared to its initial concentration of 30 g·L−1. The proposed method could be an alternative for utilization of a petrochemical waste into industry applicated chemicals.

scholarly journals Utilization of a waste glycerol fraction using and reusing immobilized Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC 621 cell extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Stasiak-Różańska ◽  
Stanisław Błażejak ◽  
Iwona Gientka ◽  
Anna Bzducha-Wróbel ◽  
Edyta Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Waste Glycerol

scholarly journals Bioconversions of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol into Sugar Alcohols by Newly Isolated Wild-Type Yarrowia lipolytica Strains

Reactions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-513
Author(s):  
Eleni-Stavroula Vastaroucha ◽  
Sofia Maina ◽  
Savvoula Michou ◽  
Ourania Kalantzi ◽  
Chrysanthi Pateraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mannitol Production

The utilization of crude glycerol, generated as a by-product from the biodiesel production process, for the production of high value-added products represents an opportunity to overcome the negative impact of low glycerol prices in the biodiesel industry. In this study, the biochemical behavior of Yarrowia lipolytica strains FMCC Y-74 and FMCC Y-75 was investigated using glycerol as a carbon source. Initially, the effect of pH value (3.0–7.0) was examined to produce polyols, intracellular lipids, and polysaccharides. At low pH values (initial pH 3.0–5.0), significant mannitol production was recorded. The highest mannitol production (19.64 g L−1) was obtained by Y. lipolytica FMCC Y-74 at pH = 3.0. At pH values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, intracellular polysaccharides synthesis was favored, while polyols production was suppressed. Subsequently, the effect of crude glycerol and its concentration on polyols production was studied. Y. lipolytica FMCC Y-74 showed high tolerance to impurities of crude glycerol. Initial substrate concentrations influence polyols production and distribution with a metabolic shift toward erythritol production being observed when the initial glycerol concentration (Gly0) increased. The highest total polyols production (=56.64 g L−1) was obtained at Gly0 adjusted to ≈120 g L−1. The highest polyols conversion yield (0.59 g g−1) and productivity (4.36 g L−1 d−1) were reached at Gly0 = 80 g L−1. In fed-batch intermittent fermentation with glycerol concentration remaining ≤60 g L−1, the metabolism was shifted toward mannitol biosynthesis, which was the main polyol produced in significant quantities (=36.84 g L−1) with a corresponding conversion yield of 0.51 g g−1.

scholarly journals Exploratory study on internal recycling of crude glycerol for biodiesel production: Catalyst replacement

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Dias ◽  
Pedro Leite ◽  
Maria Alvim-Ferraz ◽  
Manuel Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Catalyst Distribution

The present study evaluated the recycling of crude glycerol as source of catalyst for biodiesel production. For that purpose, two sets of experiments were conducted. In the first set (A), biodiesel was synthesized by conventional methanolysis of sunflower oil using NaOH as catalyst at 65?C during 1 h and varying catalyst concentration (0.4 - 1.2 wt.%) or methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1-12:1). The second set (B) was performed by replicating the conditions of set A and considering the use of crude glycerol as source of catalyst. The evaluation of excess methanol and catalyst distribution in the crude products was performed. For both sets of experiments, product yield and quality (viscosity and purity) were determined. Methanol was predominantly in the glycerol phase (54 - 68%), with negligible effect of variation in catalyst concentration and higher percentages found when higher methanol to oil molar ratios were used, due to a higher polarity of this phase. In most cases, catalyst was predominantly in the crude glycerol (53 wt.% in average) and no clear relation was found between catalyst distribution and the different reaction conditions studied. The results from set A showed a clear influence of catalyst concentration in biodiesel conversion and a minor effect of methanol to oil molar ratio. The best conditions were 6:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 0.6 wt.% of catalyst leading to a product yield of 95.1 wt.%, a purity of 99.3% and a viscosity of 4.59 mm2s-1. The second set of experiments showed different trends and variability compared to the first one and the results indicated that catalyst might be altered during glycerol storage. It was found an effect of methanol to oil molar ratio in reaction conversion with the highest purity (96.9 wt.%) being obtained when the highest molar ratio was used (12:1) possibly due to the reduced mass transfer limitations. Overall, the results clearly show the potential of using crude glycerol as source of catalyst, avoiding the use of new catalyst and allowing a more sustainable biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Microbial Production of 2,3- Butanediol From Waste Glycerol

2017 ◽  
pp. 960-974
Author(s):  
S. Yankova ◽  
P. Begova ◽  
V. Beschkov
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
High Yields

An inevitable waste from biodiesel production is glycerol, contaminated by alkaline catalyst, water and methanol and released in quite big amounts, exceeding its market demand. One way of its utilization is production of different bulk and fine chemicals, for example 2,3- butanediol. The latter is used as a precursor for manufacturing of plastics, synthetic rubber, some pharmaceuticals, etc. In the present paper the ability of the strain Klebsiella oxytoca VA 8391 to produce this compound under batch and fed-batch conditions was studied at initial glycerol concentrations between 10 and 30 g dm-3. Experiments have been carried out in shaking flasks. The bacteria cultivation was at 37oC and stirred conditions at 200 rpm, whereas the product formation was studied both under stirred and still conditions. It was found out that the used strain is capable to produce selectively 2,3- butanediol with very high yields of practical importance (up to 92 %) and no contamination by other products. The optimum glycerol concentration was 20 g dm-3. At higher initialconcentrations substrate inhibition started to occur. It was established that the studied fermentation process required aerobic bacteria cultivation followed by anoxic period of product formation by the developed culture. Only in this case high yields were attained.

Enhanced Gasification of Waste Glycerol Over Ni/SiC Catalyst for Fuel Gas Production

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Waste Glycerol

The amount of waste glycerol from biodiesel production increases sharply due to greater use of this alternative fuel from high cost and adverse environmental effect of conventional fossil fuel. The crude glycerol can convert to fuel gas (mainly CO, H2, and CH4) through thermochemical conversion processes such as gasification and pyrolysis. In this study, pyrolysis and gasification of glycerol waste were studied in a laboratory scale quartz tube reactor using silicon carbide (SiC) as a bed medium. In order to improve the conversion efficiency while minimizing tar formation, nickel catalyst supported by SiC was synthesized using wet impregnation method and used in some trials. It was found during pyrolysis runs that carbon and hydrogen conversion of glycerol increased with temperature of 600–800°C in the range of 18.72–95.33% and 16.26–96.30%, respectively. When varying the air fuel ratio from 0–0.25 at 800°C, complete conversion of crude glycerol may be achieved both for pyrolysis and gasification conditions. This may be due to the dominant of steam gasification reactions from 13.56% moisture content in crude glycerol which controls the overall reactions at that high temperature. However at lower temperature of 600°C, carbon and hydrogen conversion of crude glycerol decreased to 18.72–42.23% and 16.26–35.27%, respectively. Increase in residence time from 1.3–4.0 second did not significantly affect the conversion efficiency for pyrolysis at 600°C which indicated that the kinetic of these decomposition reactions proceed at rapid rates even at the minimum hold time used in this work. Catalytic conversion of crude glycerol with 10% nickel on silicon carbide (Ni/SiC) was performed using pyrolysis condition at 600°C to obtain higher conversion efficiency. The results revealed that non-reduced and reduced catalyst, could increase the production of synthesis gas as much as 1.02 and 0.56 times when compared with non-catalytic process, respectively. It may be suggested from high energy content as well as product gas quality that using Ni/SiC catalyst is suitable for thermal conversion of waste glycerol to fuel gas that may be further utilized with minimum treatment. The obtained synthesis gas may be utilized for direct heat and power or further transformed to other alternatives fuels which help increase value and at the same time minimize the waste management requirement of this industrial waste.

scholarly journals Potential of different Xanthomonas campestris strains for xanthan biosynthesis on waste glycerol from biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Zorana Rončević ◽  
Ida Zahović ◽  
Nikolina Danilović ◽  
Siniša Dodić ◽  
Jovana Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Xanthan Production ◽  
The Media

A rapid expansion of the biodiesel industry has created various ecological issues relative to crude glycerol disposal. Xanthan biosynthesis is considered one of the sustainable solutions for minimizing the adverse effects of waste crude glycerol on the environment. The initial phase of xanthan production on crude glycerol entails the screening of producing microorganism. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of xanthan production on a crude glycerol-based medium using different Xanthomonas campestris strains. The bioprocesses performed were assessed according to the rheology of the media considered, amounts of xanthan produced and conversion degrees of the most important nutrients present. The pseudoplastic behavior of all the media considered, the amounts of xanthan produced (5.22-7.67 g/L) and the degrees of crude glycerol, total nitrogen and phosphorus conversion (34.44-57.61 %, 23.04-30.35 % and 18.20-22.28 %, respectively) suggest that crude glycerol, after additional bioprocess optimization, can be a suitable raw material for the industrial production of xanthan.

Valorization of Crude Glycerol, Residue Deriving from Biodiesel- Production Process, with the Use of Wild-type New Isolated Yarrowia lipolytica Strains: Production of Metabolites with Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Interest

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Sarris ◽  
Zoe Sampani ◽  
Anna Rapti ◽  
Seraphim Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Lipolytica Strain

Background & Objective:Crude glycerol (Glol), used as substrate for screening eleven natural Yarrowia lipolytica strains in shake-flask experiments. Aim of this study was to assess the ability of the screened strains to produce biomass (dry cell weight; X), lipid (L), citric acid (Cit), mannitol (Man), arabitol (Ara) and erythritol (Ery), compounds presenting pharmaceutical and biotechnological interest, in glycerol-based nitrogen-limited media, in which initial glycerol concentration had been adjusted to 40 g/L.Methods:Citric acid may find use in biomedical engineering (i.e. drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, orthopedics, medical device coating, wound dressings). Polyols are considered as compounds with non-cariogenic and less calorigenic properties as also with low insulin-mediated response. Microbial lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are medically and dietetically important (selective pharmaceutical and anticancer properties, aid fetal brain development, the sight function of the eye, hormonal balance and the cardio-vascular system, prevent reasons leading to type-2 diabetes, present healing and anti-inflammatory effects).Results:All strains presented satisfactory microbial growth (Xmax=5.34-6.26 g/L) and almost complete substrate uptake. The principal metabolic product was citric acid (Citmax=8.5-31.7 g/L). Production of cellular lipid reached the values of 0.33-0.84 g/L. Polyols were also synthesized as strain dependent compounds (Manmax=2.8-6.1 g/L, Aramax ~2.0 g/L, Erymax= 0.5-3.8 g/L). The selected Y. lipolytica strain ACA-DC 5029 presented satisfactory growth along with synthesis of citric acid and polyols, thus, was further grown on media presenting an increased concentration of Glol~75 g/L. Biomass, lipid and citric acid production presented significant enhancement (Xmax=11.80 g/L, Lmax=1.26 g/L, Citmax=30.8 g/L), but conversion yield of citric acid produced per glycerol consumed was decreased compared to screening trials. Erythritol secretion (Erymax=15.6 g/L) was highly favored, suggesting a shift of yeast metabolism from citric acid accumulation towards erythritol production. Maximum endopolysaccharides (IPS) concentration was 4.04 g/L with yield in dry weight 34.2 % w/w.Conclusion:Y. lipolytica strain ACA-YC 5029 can be considered as a satisfactory candidate grown in high concentrations of crude glycerol to produce added-value compounds that interest pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan gliserol sebagai limbah biodiesel melalui proses biologik 1: Pemilihan mikroba

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
R. Purwadi ◽  
M.T.A.P. Kresnowati ◽  
L Badriyah ◽  
Andini A.D. Puri ◽  
R. Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Aerobacter Aerogenes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Selection Of

Utilization of glycerol biodiesel waste via biological process 1: Selection of microbesThe availability of glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, is increasing along with the growth of biodiesel industries. While glycerol is used in various industries such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics, the purification of crude glycerol from biodiesel waste can be very costly and inefficient. Literature study indicated that some microorganism could utilize glycerol as their substrate. This forms the basis for applying microbial conversion of glycerol into valuable products. This paper presents our study in exploring the microbial potentials in utilizing pure glycerol as substrate, which is a part of a larger study in converting crude glycerol from biodiesel waste through microbial processes. In this study the potentials of Aerobacter aerogenes ITBCC B88, Klebsiella pneumoniae ITBCC113, and Enterobacter cloacae NRLL B411, NRLL B23264, and NRLL B23289 in utlizing glycerol were explored. The study covered the aerobic growth tests of each strain using glycerol as C-source in substrate, by varying glycerol concentration and C/N ratio in the media. The results indicated that all the tested strains could grow well in glycerol and would assimilate glycerol better in low C/N ratio. However, the increase in microbial glycerol consumption did not increase the biomass yield, which might indicate the production of metabolic products.Keywords: glycerol, biodiesel, Aerobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae AbstrakKetersediaan gliserol, produk samping industri biodiesel, semakin meningkat seiring pertumbuhan industri biodiesel. Meskipun gliserol murni banyak digunakan dalam industri makanan, farmasi, kosmetik, dan industri-industri lainnya, pemurnian limbah gliserol menjadi gliserol murni sangat mahal dan tidak efektif. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa beberapa jenis mikroba dapat menggunakan gliserol sebagai substratnya. Hal ini menjadi dasar untuk menerapkan proses pengolahan gliserol menjadi produk bermanfaat melalui proses mikrobiologik. Makalah ini menyajikan hasil penelitian eksplorasi potensi mikroba dalam mengkonversi gliserol murni dalam substrat, yang merupakan tahap awal dari rangkaian penelitian pemanfaatan limbah gliserol melalui proses mikrobiologik. Dalam penelitian ini diteliliti kemampuan mikroba Aerobacter aerogenes ITBCC B88, Klebsiella pneumoniae ITBCC113, dan Enterobacter cloacae NRLL B411, NRLL B23264, dan NRLL B23289 dalam memanfaatkan gliserol. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi uji pertumbuhan pada substrat gliserol murni dan kondisi aerobik, dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi gliserol dan nisbah C/N dalam media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua mikroba uji dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada substrat gliserol dan mengasimilasi gliserol lebih baik pada nisbah C/N media yang lebih rendah. Namun demikian peningkatan konsumsi gliserol selama proses kultivasi tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan perolehan biomassa, yang mengindikasikan terjadinya pembentukan produk-produk metabolit oleh mikroba.Kata kunci: gliserol, biodiesel, Aerobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae

scholarly journals Production of 1,3-Propanediol from Pure and Crude Glycerol Using Immobilized Clostridium butyricum

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Dolejš ◽  
Monika Líšková ◽  
Vladimír Krasňan ◽  
Kristína Markošová ◽  
Michal Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Pure Glycerol ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Repeated Batch

The present study describes the production of the value-added chemical 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) from crude glycerol, a waste by-product formed during biodiesel production. The efficiency, robustness, and stability of the process were improved by immobilization of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium butyricum into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. The highest average productivity, 6.8 ± 0.2 g/(L·h), was achieved in 10 consecutive, repeated batch fermentations, with an initial concentration of pure glycerol 45.5 ± 0.7 g/L, after 2.5 hours. The highest final concentration and yield of 1,3-PD, 28.3 ± 0.6 g/L, and 0.42 ± 0.01 g/g, respectively, were achieved in eleven repeated batch fermentations, after increasing the initial pure glycerol concentration to 70.4 ± 1.9 g/L. Two different types of crude glycerol, produced from used cooking oil (UCO) and rapeseed oil (RO), were tested in repeated batch fermentations, with an average productivity achieved of 2.3 ± 0.1 and 3.5 ± 0.3 g/(L·h), respectively. The highest final concentration and yield of 1,3-PD, 12.6 ± 0.9 g/L, and 0.35 ± 0.02 g/g, respectively, were observed in fifteen repeated batch fermentations with RO crude glycerol. An excellent stability of the immobilized anaerobic bacteria and increase of productivity in fermentation of crude glycerol was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Production of Added-Value Chemical Compounds through Bioconversions of Olive-Mill Wastewaters Blended with Crude Glycerol by a Yarrowia lipolytica Strain

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Sarris ◽  
Anna Rapti ◽  
Nikolaos Papafotis ◽  
Apostolis A. Koutinas ◽  
Seraphim Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽  
Lipolytica Strain ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are the major effluent deriving from olive oil production and are considered as one of the most challenging agro-industrial wastes to treat. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of alcoholic beverage and oleochemical production activities including biodiesel production. The tremendous quantities of glycerol produced worldwide represent a serious environmental challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Yarrowia lipolytica strain ACA-DC 5029 to grow on nitrogen-limited submerged shake-flask cultures, in crude glycerol and OMW blends as well as in media with high initial glycerol concentration and produce biomass, cellular lipids, citric acid and polyols. The rationale of using such blends was the dilution of concentrated glycerol by OMW to (partially or fully) replace process tap water with a wastewater stream. The strain presented satisfactory growth in blends; citric acid production was not affected by OMW addition (Citmax~37.0 g/L, YCit/Glol~0.55 g/g) and microbial oil accumulation raised proportionally to OMW addition (Lmax~2.0 g/L, YL/X~20% w/w). Partial removal of color (~30%) and phenolic compounds (~10% w/w) of the blended media occurred. In media with high glycerol concentration, a shift towards erythritol production was noted (Erymax~66.0 g/L, YEry/Glol~0.39 g/g) simultaneously with high amounts of produced citric acid (Citmax~79.0 g/L, YCit/Glol~0.46 g/g). Fatty acid analysis of microbial lipids demonstrated that OMW addition in blended media and in excess carbon media with high glycerol concentration favored oleic acid production.

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