Vent Gas Collection From Gas Compressor Dry Gas Seals

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Suomilammi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Gas Seals ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Year 2000

Gasum is an importer of natural gas and is operating and maintaining the Finnish transmission pipeline in which the pressure is maintained with three compressor stations. Gasum’s compressor stations are unmanned and remotely controlled from the central control room. Some of the compressor units are equipped with dry gas seals. The otherwise satisfactory operation of dry gas seals has the disadvantage of methane emissions. Reduction of methane emissions has been stated as a target by international auspices of the Kyoto Protocol or through national programs seeking to reduce emissions. The application described in this paper to collect vent gases from the dry gas seals was installed into four of the compressor units during 2001. The compressors are centrifugal compressors: two of them are Nuovo Pignone PCL603 with PGT10DLE (10 MW) gas turbine and two are Demag DeLaval 2B-18/18 with Siemens Tornado gas turbines (6,5 MW). It is normal for dry gas seals to have a small leakage of gas through the seals due to the function principle and required cooling of the seals. This gas emitted from the seals is normally about of 5...10nm3/h per one compressor unit during operation and during the stand-still the leakage is almost zero. In the year 2000 the total amount of emitted gas in Gasum’s units was about 50.000 nm3 per four compressor units. The target was to find an efficient method to collect the dry gas seal vent gas and utilize it. The solution must be simple and its investment costs must be feasible. Injection of the vent gases to the gas turbine inlet air flow was selected as a solution among some alternatives. The operating experience so far has been several thousands of operating hours without any malfunctions. The amount of collected gas by this system has been in the range of 80.000 nm3 per annum. The total cost of the system for four compressor units was about 85.000€. The intention of this paper is not to describe any scientific approach to the issue but to present a practical solution with operating experience.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines for the Chemical Industry

1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stanley Stys
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design Construction

Application of the gas turbine in nitric-acid plants appears attractive. Several of these units have been installed recently in this country and performance and operating experience already have been gained. Design, construction, and layout of “package” units for this particular process are described.

scholarly journals Fugitive Methane Emission Reduction Using Gas Turbines

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Parker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Lean Fuel ◽  
Gas Seals ◽  
Turbo Compressor ◽  
Many Sources

Natural gas transmission systems have many sources of fugitive methane emissions that have been difficult to eliminate. This paper discusses an option for dealing with one such source for operations using turbo-compressor units fitted with dry gas seals. Dry seals rely on a small leakage of process gas to maintain the differential pressure of the process against the atmosphere. The seal leakage ultimately results in waste gas that is emitted to the atmosphere through the primary vent. A simple, cost effective, emission disposal mechanism for this application is to vent the seal gas into the gas turbine’s air intake. Explosion hazards are not created by the resultant ultra-lean fuel/air mixture, and once this mixture reaches the combustion chamber, where sufficient fuel is added to create a flammable mixture, significant oxidation of the seal vent gas is realized. Background of the relevant processes is discussed as well as a review of field test data. Similar applications have been reported [1] for the more generalized purpose of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) destruction using specialized gas turbine combustor designs. As described herein, existing production gas turbine combustors are quite effective at fugitive methane destruction without specialized combustor designs.

Packaging of Gas Turbines Type 7 and Type S 7

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Porchet
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Auxiliary System ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Comprehensive Description

A few years ago, Sulzer introduced two new gas turbines to the market, namely the 9-MW single-shaft type 7 and split-shaft type S 7 machines. Twenty-six units have been delivered to date, and over 100,000 field operating hours accumulated. The positive experience with this machine has allowed an uprating to 10 MW. Changes in the structure of the market, particularly the importance of platform installations, have caused Sulzer to redesign the machine’s auxiliaries, which have been, to a great extent, integrated into the gas turbine package. Flexibility in the application of the machine, easy maintainability, and ruggedness were maintained by reducing the required space to less than half the ground area. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the improved turbine of today. The prototype is briefly described and operating experience is listed. The main part of the paper is devoted to a comprehensive description of the redesigned gas turbine package and its new auxiliary system.

NOx Emissions Reduction in an Innovative Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor (GE10 Machine): A Numerical Study of the Benefits of a New Pilot-System on Flame Structure and Emissions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Andreini ◽  
Bruno Facchini ◽  
Luca Mangani ◽  
Antonio Asti ◽  
Gianni Ceccherini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range

One of the driving requirements in gas turbine design is emissions reduction. In the mature markets (especially the North America), permits to install new gas turbines are granted provided emissions meet more and more restrictive requirements, in a wide range of ambient temperatures and loads. To meet such requirements, design techniques have to take advantage also of the most recent CFD tools. As a successful example of this, this paper reports the results of a reactive 3D numerical study of a single-can combustor for the GE10 machine, recently updated by GE-Energy. This work aims to evaluate the benefits on the flame shape and on NOx emissions of a new pilot-system located on the upper part of the liner. The former GE10 combustor is equipped with fuel-injecting-holes realizing purely diffusive pilot-flames. To reduce NOx emissions from the current 25 ppmvd@15%O2 to less than 15 ppmvd@15%O2 (in the ambient temperature range from −28.9°C to +37.8°C and in the load range from 50% and 100%), the new version of the combustor is equipped with 4 swirler-burners realizing lean-premixed pilot flames; these flames in turn are stabilized by a minimal amount of lean-diffusive sub-pilot-fuel. The overall goal of this new configuration is the reduction of the fraction of fuel burnt in diffusive flames, lowering peak temperatures and therefore NOx emissions. To analyse the new flame structure and to check the emissions reduction, a reactive RANS study was performed using STAR-CD™ package. A user-defined combustion model was used, while to estimate NOx emissions a specific scheme was also developed. Three different ambient temperatures (ISO, −28.9°C and 37.8°C) were simulated. Results were then compared with experimental measurements (taken both from the engine and from the rig), resulting in reasonable agreement. Finally, an additional simulation with an advanced combustion model, based on the laminar flamelet approach, was performed. The model is based on the G-Equation scheme but was modified to study partially premixed flames. A geometric procedure to solve G-Equation was implemented as add-on in STAR-CD™.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McGraw ◽  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Christian Ba¨hr ◽  
Mary Chiozza
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Hot Gas

In order to promote high efficiency combined with high power output, reliability, and availability, Siemens advanced gas turbines are equipped with state-of-the-art turbine blades and hot gas path parts. These parts embody the latest developments in base materials (single crystal and directionally solidified), as well as complex cooling arrangements (round and shaped holes) and coating systems. A modern gas turbine blade (or other hot gas path part) is a duplex component consisting of base material and coating system. Planned recoating and repair intervals are established as part of the blade design. Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost-effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability. This paper gives an overview of the operating experience and key technologies used to repair these parts.

Operating Experience With the Latest Upgrade of Alstom’s Sequential Combustion GT26 Gas Turbine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hiddeman ◽  
Peter Marx
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Main Driver

The GT26 gas turbine provides an additional degree of flexibility as the engine operates at high efficiencies from part load to full load while still maintaining low NOx emissions. The sequential combustion, with the EV burner as the basis for this flexibility also extends to the ability to handle wide fluctuations in fuel gas compositions. Increased mass flow was the main driver for the latest GT26 upgrade, resulting in substantial performance improvements. In order to ensure high levels of reliability and availability Alstom followed their philosophy of evolutionary steps to continuously develop their gas turbines. A total of 47 engines of this upgrade of the GT26 gas turbine have been ordered worldwide to date (Status: January 2010) enhancing the business case of power generators by delivering superior operational and fuel flexibility and combined cycle efficiencies up to and beyond 59%.

Aeroderivative Gas Turbines for LNG Liquefaction Plants: Part 2—World’s First Application and Operating Experience

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Meher-Homji ◽  
Dave Messersmith ◽  
Tim Hattenbach ◽  
Jim Rockwell ◽  
Hans Weyermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Lng Liquefaction ◽  
Market Pressures

LNG market pressures for thermally efficient and environmentally friendly LNG plants coupled with the need for high plant availability have resulted in the world’s first application of high performance aeroderivative gas turbines for a 3.7 MTPA LNG plant in Darwin. The six engines utilized are GE PGT25+ engines rated at 32 MW ISO driving propane, ethylene and methane compressors. The paper describes the design, manufacture, testing, and implementation of these units focusing on both the gas turbine and the centrifugal compressors. Power augmentation utilized on these units is also discussed. An overview of operating experience and lessons learned are provided. Part 1 of this paper provides a detailed analysis of why high thermal efficiency is important for LNG plants from an economic and greenhouse gas perspective.

scholarly journals Results of Small Gas Turbine for Distributed Generation Strategies Workshop

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Hay ◽  
Art Cohn ◽  
Paul Baustista ◽  
George Touchton ◽  
William Parks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Institute

This paper summarizes the proceedings of the 1995 workshop in San Francisco, CA on “Small Gas Turbines for Distributed Generation” and the planned winter of 1996 follow-on workshop. The working definition for distributed generation used in the workshop was modular generation (generally 1–50 MW) in various applications located on electric customers sites or near load centers in an electric grid. The workshop was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the Gas Research Institute (GRI), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E). The objectives were to: • review historical operating experience, market trends and the current state of the art of small gas turbine based options (1–50 MW size range); • characterize benefits, motivations, application requirements and issues of small gas turbines in distributed generation strategies amongst “stakeholders”; • identify what further efforts, technology or otherwise, should be pursued to enhance future opportunities for small gas turbine “stakeholders’; and • define “stakeholder” interest in future forums for coordination and discussion of improved distributed generation strategies based on small gas turbines. The workshop was attended by over 42 electric or gas utilities, 12 independent power companies and a broad cross section of equipment suppliers. Architect and Engineers (A&E’s), Research Development and Demonstration (RD&D) programs, government organizations, international utilities and other interested parties. The total workshop attendance was over 140. Small gas turbine technologies, user case histories, operating experiences, electric and gas system requirements, distributed generation economic theory, regulatory issues and general industry perspectives were reviewed. Industry input was gathered through a formal survey and four break-out sessions on future small gas turbine user needs, market requirements and potential hurdles for distributed generation. Presentations by suppliers and users highlighted the significant commercial operating experience with small gas turbines in numerous electric utility and non-electric utility “distributed” generation applications. The primary feedback received was that there is significant and growing market interest in distributed generation strategies based on small gas turbines options. General consensus was that small gas turbine systems using natural gas would be the technology of choice in the United States for much of the near-term distributed generation market. Most participants felt that improved gas turbine technology, applications and distributed generation benefit economic evaluation models could significantly enhance the economics of distributed generation. Over 30 utility or other users expressed support for the formation of a small gas turbine interest group and an equal number expressed interest in hosting or participating in demonstration projects. A strong interest was indicated in the need for a follow-on workshop that would be more applications focused and provide a forum for coordinating research activities. Current plans by EPRI, GRI and DOE will be to include the follow-on as part of a planned workshop on “Flexible Gas Turbine Strategies” in the fall of 1996.

scholarly journals The ST6 Gas Turbine in Trains Operating Experience

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Rail Vehicles

This paper outlines the operating experience of the ST6 gas turbine installed in trains. Some of the problems encountered and the solutions used are discussed. The duty is compared to other more widely known duties. Some thoughts are offered for future applications of gas turbines to rail vehicles.

Incremental Fuel Cost Prediction for a Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Utility

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Little ◽  
H. Nikkels ◽  
P. Smithson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Cost Prediction

For a medium sized (300 MW) utility producing electricity from a 130 MW combined cycle, and supplemental 15 MW to 77 MW capacity simple cycle gas turbines, the incremental fuel costs accompanying changes in generating capacity vary considerably with unit, health, load level, and ambient. To enable incremental power to be sold to neighbouring utilities on an incremental fuel cost basis, accurate models of all gas turbines and the combined cycle were developed which would allow a realistic calculation of fuel consumption under all operating conditions. The fuel cost prediction program is in two parts; in the first part, gas turbine health is diagnosed from measured parameters; in the second part, fuel consumption is calculated from compressor and turbine health, ambient conditions and power levels. The paper describes the program philosophy, development, and initial operating experience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document