A Charge-Diffusion-Filtration Model for Endothelial Surface Glycocalyx

Volume 4 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Bingmei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Charged Surface ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Charged Macromolecules ◽  
Microvessel Permeability ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Microvessel Wall ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Filtration Model

Endothelial surface glycocalyx plays an important role in the regulation of microvessel permeability by possibly changing its charge and configuration. To investigate the mechanisms of how surface properties of the endothelial cells control the changes in microvessel permeability, we extended the electrodiffusion model developed by Fu et al. (Am. J. Physiol. 284:H1240-1250, 2003), which is for the interendothelial cleft with a negatively charged surface glycocalyx layer, to include the filtration due to hydrostatic and oncotic pressures across the microvessel wall as well as the electrical potential across the glycocalyx layer. On the basis of the hypotheses proposed by Curry (Microcirculation 1(1): 11–26, 1994), the predictions from this electrodiffusion-filtration model provide a remarkably good agreement with experimental data for permeability of negatively charged α-lactalbumin summarized in Curry (Microcirculation 1(1): 11–26, 1994) under various conditions. In addition, we applied this new model to describe the transport of negatively charged macromolecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA), across venular microvessels in frog mesentery. A very interesting prediction is that the convective component of albumin transport is greatly diminished by the presence of a negatively charged glycocalyx under both normal and increased permeability conditions.

An Electrodiffusion-Filtration Model for Effects of Endothelial Surface Glycocalyx on Microvessel Permeability to Macromolecules

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Bingmei M. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Charged Surface ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Charged Macromolecules ◽  
Microvessel Permeability ◽  
Microvessel Wall ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Filtration Model

Endothelial surface glycocalyx plays an important role in the regulation of microvessel permeability by possibly changing its charge and configuration. To investigate the mechanisms by which surface properties of the endothelial cells control the changes in microvessel permeability, we extended the electrodiffusion model developed by Fu et al. [Am. J. Physiol. 284, H1240–1250 (2003)], which is for the interendothelial cleft with a negatively charged surface glycocalyx layer, to include the filtration due to hydrostatic and oncotic pressures across the microvessel wall as well as the electrical potential across the glycocalyx layer. On the basis of the hypotheses proposed by Curry [Microcirculation 1(1): 11–26 (1994)], the predictions from this electrodiffusion-filtration model provide a good agreement with experimental data for permeability of negatively charged α-lactalbumin summarized in Curry [Microcirculation 1(1), 11–26 (1994)] under various conditions. In addition, we applied this new model to describe the transport of negatively charged macromolecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA), across venular microvessels in frog mesentery. According to the model, the convective component of the albumin transport is greatly diminished by the presence of a negatively charged glycocalyx under both normal and increased permeability conditions.

An electrodiffusion model for effects of surface glycocalyx layer on microvessel permeability

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. H1240-H1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingmei M. Fu ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Wenhao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Microvessel Permeability ◽  
Microvessel Wall ◽  
Positively Charged

To investigate the charge effect of the endothelial surface glycocalyx on microvessel permeability, we extended the three-dimensional model developed by Fu et al. ( J Biomech Eng 116: 502–513, 1994) for the interendothelial cleft to include a negatively charged glycocalyx layer at the entrance of the cleft. Both electrostatic and steric exclusions on charged solutes were considered within the glycocalyx layer and at the interfaces. Four charge-density profiles were assumed for the glycocalyx layer. Our model indicates that the overall solute permeability across the microvessel wall including the surface glycocalyx layer and the cleft region is independent of the charge-density profiles as long as they have the same maximum value and the same total charge. On the basis of experimental data, this model predicts that the charge density would be 25–35 meq/l in the glycolcalyx of frog mesenteric capillaries. An intriguing prediction of this model is that when the concentrations of cations and anions are unequal in the lumen due to the presence of negatively charged proteins, the negatively charged glycocalyx would provide more resistance to positively charged solutes than to negatively charged ones.

Energy Levels and Electromagnetic Transition of 90-94mo Nuclei Using Ibm-1

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dynamical Symmetry ◽  
Interacting Boson Model ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
Electromagnetic Transition ◽  
Boson Model ◽  
Energy States ◽  
Good Agreement

The energy states for the J , b , ɤ bands and electromagnetic transitions B (E2) values for even – even molybdenum 90 – 94 Mo nuclei are calculated in the present work of "the interacting boson model (IBM-1)" . The parameters of the equation of IBM-1 Hamiltonian are determined which yield the best excellent suit the experimental energy states . The positive parity of energy states are obtained by using IBS1. for program for even 90 – 94 Mo isotopes with bosons number 5 , 4 and 5 respectively. The" reduced transition probability B(E2)" of these neuclei are calculated and compared with the experimental data . The ratio of the excitation energies of the 41+ to 21+ states ( R4/2) are also calculated . The calculated and experimental (R4/2) values showed that the 90 – 94 Mo nuclei have the vibrational dynamical symmetry U(5). Good agreement was found from comparison between the calculated energy states and electric quadruple probabilities B(E2) transition of the 90–94Mo isotopes with the experimental data .

Predicting the Effect of Tire Tread Pattern Design on Thick Film Wet Traction

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract An analytical tool is presented for the prediction of the effects of changes in tread pattern design on thick film wet traction performance. Results are reported for studies in which the analysis, implemented on a digital computer, was used to determine the effect of different tread geometry features, among these being the number, width, and lateral spacing of longitudinal grooves and the angle of zigzags in longitudinal grooves, on thick film wet traction. These results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data appearing in the literature and are used to formulate guidelines for tread groove network design practice.

A New Condition of Formation and Stablity of All Crystalline Systems in a Good Agreement with Experimental Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3224-3228
Author(s):  
Tarek El-Ashram
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Brillouin Zone ◽  
Electron Concentration ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Lattice Point ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Fermi Gas ◽  
Valence Electron Concentration ◽  
Fermi Sphere ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper we derived a new condition of formation and stability of all crystalline systems and we checked its validity andit is found to be in a good agreement with experimental data. This condition is derived directly from the quantum conditionson the free electron Fermi gas inside the crystal. The new condition relates both the volume of Fermi sphere VF andvolume of Brillouin zone VB by the valence electron concentration VEC as ;𝑽𝑭𝑽𝑩= 𝒏𝑽𝑬𝑪𝟐for all crystalline systems (wheren is the number of atoms per lattice point).

Virus Removal by Filtration

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
N Sriramula ◽  
M Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cationic Polyelectrolyte ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Bacterial Virus ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Model Virus ◽  
Good Agreement

An investigation was undertaken on the removal of a model virus, bacterial virus MS2 against Escherichia coli, by sand filtration using untreated, and alum or cationic polyelectrolyte treated media, and uncoagulated as well as alum coagulated influent. Data on discrete virus removal were satisfactorily accounted for by electrokinetic phenomena and diffusion. For virus in association with turbidity, filter coefficients computed from experimental data were in good agreement with those predicted by mechanical straining and gravity settling which were the dominant mechanisms for removal of the turbidity particles to which the viruses attached.

Diffusion model for deposition of epitaxial GaAs layers prepared by the MOCVD method

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2020-2029
Author(s):  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Petr Voňka ◽  
Josef Stejskal ◽  
Přemysl Klíma ◽  
Rudolf Hladina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Epitaxial Gaas ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

The authors proposed and treated quantitatively a kinetic model for deposition of epitaxial GaAs layers prepared by reaction of trimethylgallium with arsine in hydrogen atmosphere. The transport of gallium to the surface of the substrate is considered as the controlling process. The influence of the rate of chemical reactions in the gas phase and on the substrate surface on the kinetics of the deposition process is neglected. The calculated dependence of the growth rate of the layers on the conditions of the deposition is in a good agreement with experimental data in the temperature range from 600 to 800°C.

Numerical evaluation of hydrodynamic characteristics of planing hulls by using a hybrid method

2021 ◽  
pp. 147509022199024
Author(s):  
Emre Kahramanoglu ◽  
Silvia Pennino ◽  
Huseyin Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
Reduction Function ◽  
Hull Forms ◽  
Good Agreement

The hydrodynamic characteristics of the planing hulls in particular at the planing regime are completely different from the conventional hull forms and the determination of these characteristics is more complicated. In the present study, calm water hydrodynamic characteristics of planing hulls are investigated using a hybrid method. The hybrid method combines the dynamic trim and sinkage from the Zarnick approach with the Savitsky method in order to calculate the total resistance of the planing hull. Since the obtained dynamic trim and sinkage values by using the original Zarnick approach are not in good agreement with experimental data, an improvement is applied to the hybrid method using a reduction function proposed by Garme. The numerical results obtained by the hybrid and improved hybrid method are compared with each other and available experimental data. The results indicate that the improved hybrid method gives better results compared to the hybrid method, especially for the dynamic trim and resistance. Although the results have some discrepancies with experimental data in terms of resistance, trim and sinkage, the improved hybrid method becomes appealing particularly for the preliminary design stage of the planing hulls.

scholarly journals Fatigue Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Re-Filling Probe Hole of Friction Stir Spot Welded Joints in Aluminum Alloys

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2171
Author(s):  
Armin Yousefi ◽  
Ahmad Serjouei ◽  
Reza Hedayati ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Plastic Strain Amplitude ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Probe Hole ◽  
Good Agreement

In the present study, the fatigue behavior and tensile strength of A6061-T4 aluminum alloy, joined by friction stir spot welding (FSSW), are numerically investigated. The 3D finite element model (FEM) is used to analyze the FSSW joint by means of Abaqus software. The tensile strength is determined for FSSW joints with both a probe hole and a refilled probe hole. In order to calculate the fatigue life of FSSW joints, the hysteresis loop is first determined, and then the plastic strain amplitude is calculated. Finally, by using the Coffin-Manson equation, fatigue life is predicted. The results were verified against available experimental data from other literature, and a good agreement was observed between the FEM results and experimental data. The results showed that the joint’s tensile strength without a probe hole (refilled hole) is higher than the joint with a probe hole. Therefore, re-filling the probe hole is an effective method for structures jointed by FSSW subjected to a static load. The fatigue strength of the joint with a re-filled probe hole was nearly the same as the structure with a probe hole at low applied loads. Additionally, at a high applied load, the fatigue strength of joints with a refilled probe hole was slightly lower than the joint with a probe hole.

scholarly journals Validation of MATLAB algorithm to implement a two-step parallel pyrolysis model for the prediction of maximum %char yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibiba Taiwo Horsfall ◽  
Macmanus Chinenye Ndukwu ◽  
Fidelis Ibiang Abam ◽  
Ololade Moses Olatunji ◽  
Ojong Elias Ojong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Isothermal Condition ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Model ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
By Products ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractNumerical modeling of biomass pyrolysis is becoming a cost and time-saving alternative for experimental investigations, also to predict the yield of the by-products of the entire process. In the present study, a two-step parallel kinetic model was used to predict char yield under isothermal condition. MATLAB ODE45 function codes were employed to solve a set of differential equations that predicts the %char at varying residence times and temperatures. The code shows how the various kinetic parameters and mass of pyrolysis products were determined. Nevertheless, the algorithm used for the prediction was validated with experimental data and results from past works. At 673.15 K, the numerical simulation using ODE45 function gives a char yield of 27.84%. From 573.15 K to 673.15 K, char yield ranges from 31.7 to 33.72% to 27.84% while experimental yield decreases from 44 to 22%. Hence, the error between algorithm prediction and experimental data from literature is − 0.26 and 0.22. Again, comparing the result of the present work with the analytical method from the literature showed a good agreement.

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