A Study on the Breakdown Voltage Analysis of the Spark Plug Gap for Extraction of the Information About the Pressure in Cylinder

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaekeun Park ◽  
Jaeou Chae
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
High Bias ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Chamber Effect

Abstract In-cylinder pressure of an internal combustion engine is considered to be a major source of information about combustion process. It is a generally accepted method to obtain an in-cylinder pressure signal using a pressure sensor (transducer). A different method of approach is presented in this study. The information about the in-cylinder pressure can be obtained by measuring breakdown voltage across the spark-plug gap. The density of gas inside the combustion chamber effect on the breakdown voltage of the spark plug, which is derived by the application of a high bias voltage (30kV) to the sparkplug gap continuously. The correlation between maximum breakdown voltage position and peak pressure position is established by this principle. So it is possible to detect the peak pressure position by measuring the breakdown voltage of the spark plug. The analyzing method of the breakdown voltage signal is also presented.

Simulation for the Combustion System Work Process in Internal Combustion Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
Yong Feng Liu ◽  
Xiao She Jia
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Pressure Cylinder

In order to simulate the combustion system work process for an internal combustion engine accurately,the paper simulates the combustion process which based on the modified 4JB1 engine and used the KIVA-3V software. Variables such as cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, NOX and SOOT emission are predicted and analyzed by using single injection strategy.It was found that the production of NOX begins from the moderate burning period, reaches a peak quickly and keep constant. The production of SOOT is mainly in the late of fast burning period to the moderate burning period and most of the SOOT is oxidized.

Estimation of cycle-resolved in-cylinder pressure and air-fuel ratio using spark plug ionization current sensing

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lee ◽  
Y G Guezennec ◽  
G Rizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Ionization Current ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combustion Diagnostics

In recent years, several new sensor technologies have been developed and implemented within automotive industries due to the increasing requirements for improved engine performance and emission reduction. It requires detailed and specified knowledge of the combustion process inside the engine cylinder along with a sophisticated technique in engine diagnostics and control. During the last few years, the ionization current signal detection has been the emerging technology in the new sensor developments, in which the spark plug is used as a combustion probe, to improve the performance and emissions of an automobile engine. In this paper, a novel methodology will be presented which allows the cycle-resolved as well as the mean-value estimation of the air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure based on the ionization current signal measurements. The implementation details of this methodology as well as extensive results will be presented for a wide range of air-fuel ratios. The main advantage of this new approach to process the ionization signal is its strong potential for real-time estimation of the air-fuel ratio and combustion diagnostics of individual cylinders and engine cycles. All the complex physics during the actual events (combustion process, ion generation, engine dynamics, etc.) are automatically self-extracted by this technique from acquired data in an initial off-line mapping phase. Once this has been performed, the air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure can easily be estimated for each individual cylinder and combustion event in real-time with few computational requirements. Hence, this methodology has a high potential for the real-time combustion diagnostics and engine control based on the air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure, while eliminating the requirements for installing expensive air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure sensors. The results indicate that estimation of the cycle-resolved air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure is reasonably accurate and robust, despite the inherently noisy character of the ionization signals, with estimation errors typically in the order of 2 per cent or less, except for very fuel-rich conditions.

Analysis of Reentrant Combustion Chamber on Combustion Process and Exhaust Emissions Based on FIRE

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 425-428
Author(s):  
Jian Ying Dai ◽  
Dong Ling Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Working Condition ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Engine Combustion

In the paper firstly analyzes the engine combustion theory, for the numerical analysis for engine cylinder pressure to provide the basis. This paper makes use of the FIRE simulation software to analyze the shrinkage mouth combustion engine under different working condition of the fuel injection advance Angle of the characteristics of the combustion process and exhaust process, after got the mixture combustion in cylinder gas pressure range and emissions, for the next step muffler simulation model is established by applying the method of finite element and acoustical noise analysis provides the basis of the parameters, shorten product development cycle.

A Parametric Model for Ionization Current in a Four Stroke SI Engine

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Andersson ◽  
Lars Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ionization Current ◽  
Ionization Signal ◽  
Combustion Properties

A model for the thermal part of an ionization signal is presented that connects the ionization current to cylinder pressure and temperature in a spark ignited internal combustion engine. One strength of the model is that, after calibration, it has only two free parameters: burn angle and initial kernel temperature. By fitting the model to a measured ionization signal, it is possible to estimate both cylinder pressure and temperature, where the pressure is estimated with good accuracy. The model approach is validated on engine data. Cylinder pressure and ionization current data were collected on a Saab four-cylinder spark ignited engine for a variation in ignition timing and air-fuel ratio. The main result is that the parametrized ionization current model can be used to estimating combustion properties as pressure, temperature, and content of nitric oxides based on measured ionization currents. The current status of the model is suitable for off-line analysis of ionization currents and cylinder pressure. This ionization current model not only describes the connection between the ionization current and the combustion process, but also offers new possibilities for engine management system to control the internal combustion engine.

An Analysis of Next Cycle Control Based on Cylinder Pressure Derived Calculations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher P. Quillen ◽  
Matthew Viele
Keyword(s):  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Combustion Analysis ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Safety Systems

This paper examines the detailed timing requirements necessary to implement next cycle control of an internal combustion engine based on values derived from cylinder pressure. A controller consisting of two parts is presented. The first part is found in traditional combustion analysis systems. It records crank-angle resolved cylinder pressure data and reduces it to single point values such as location of peak pressure or location of 50% mass fraction burned. The second part is an engine controller capable of controlling one or more of these analysis parameters. The focus of this paper is on the execution time and latency of the data-path from the sensor to the control value with various engine configurations and calculation methods explored. Some discussion of the data acquisition to controller interface will be included with a focus on practical engine controller latencies and safety systems. An implementation of this system using commercial off the shelf (COTS) hardware and an open software platform are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Side Gapping Spark Plug on Engine Performance and Emission

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6145-6148
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Emission Effect

Gasoline ignition system in automobiles is still one of the world's main fuel consumption today. The spark plug is one of the key features of a gasoline engine during the combustion process. The incompatibility between the width of the plug and the combustion engine fuel used causes a backfire and a knock. The spark plug gap had therefore been investigated in order to improve the engine's performance by controlling the combustion process. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of side gapping spark plug engine performance and emission. The selected type of spark plug being used for this study is cooper spark plug. This study has examined the parameters of side gapping spark plug gap (0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm) and of revolution per minutes RPM (1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000rpm, 3500 rpm, 4000 rpm, 4500 rpm and 5000 rpm) also the emission effect in term of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and oxygen (O2 ). In this test, performance and power are showed an increment of side gapping spark plug. Other than that, this study is also showed positive results where the reduction in the percentage of opacity is demonstrated. Since the result has obtained for engine performance and emission showed positive outcome, this study can be used in future and highly recommended for continue with different type of spark plug.

Experimental Study on In-Cylinder Pressure Oscillations of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition–Direct Injection Combustion Engine Fueled With Dimethyl Ether

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxing Hou ◽  
Jianwei Liu ◽  
Yongqiang Wei ◽  
Zhiqiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Oscillation ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Pressure Oscillations

The in-cylinder pressure oscillations of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)-DI engine fueled with dimethyl ether (DME) have been investigated using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on four different wavelet functions. The in-cylinder pressure is decomposed into three levels that contain three details D1, D2, and D3, and an approximation A1. In normal combustion, there are no obvious pressure impacts in three details due to smooth combustion process. The abnormal pressure oscillations occur in three details in knocking combustion, and the oscillation is most intense in D1. Its frequency band 5–10 kHz is the knock frequency band, and most high-frequency pressure oscillations and wavelet energy are in this frequency band. The pressure oscillations are located in the premixed combustion stage and diffusion combustion stage. Characteristics of in-cylinder pressure oscillations can be extracted using four wavelet functions “db4,” “db8,” “sym4,” and “sym8.” Extract abilities of four wavelet functions are different and wavelet db4 is suitable for pressure oscillation detection.

In-Cylinder Pressure Reconstruction Based on Instantaneous Engine Speed Signal

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Moro ◽  
N. Cavina ◽  
F. Ponti
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Waveform ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Frequency Response Functions ◽  
Steady State Condition

This paper presents an original methodology for the instantaneous in-cylinder pressure waveform reconstruction in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine. The methodology is based on the existence of a linear correlation, characterized by frequency response functions, between in-cylinder pressure and engine speed signals. This correlation is experimentally verified and evaluated by simultaneous measurements of the above-mentioned quantities. The evaluation of different frequency response functions, one for each steady-state condition investigated, allows recovering the pressure waveform even under other engine running conditions (i.e., transients). In this way, during on-board operation, the pressure waveform could be recovered using only the engine speed signal, already present in current production electronic control units. In this paper the signal processing methodology and some experimental results, obtained during transient tests, are presented. The methodology could be interesting for the development of advanced engine control strategies aimed at the management of the torque generated by the engine. As an example, traction control in drive-by-wire systems could be a possible challenging application. The in-cylinder pressure reconstruction performed using the frequency response functions, in fact, allows the evaluation of the indicated torque. An important characteristic of this methodology is, furthermore, the diagnostic capability for the combustion process, that is guaranteed by the linear correlation between in-cylinder pressure and instantaneous engine speed waveforms. Also in presence of a misfiring cylinder, when the instantaneous engine speed waveform is strongly affected by the absence of combustion, the reconstructed in-cylinder pressure shows a good agreement with the measured one. The experimental tests have been conducted in a test cell using a four-cylinder production engine. It has to be noted, anyway, that the same methodology can be applied to engines with a higher number of cylinders.

scholarly journals Optical Investigation of a Partial Fuel Stratification Strategy to Stabilize Overall Lean Operation of a DISI Engine Fueled with Gasoline and E30

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Magnus Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Optical Investigation ◽  
Flame Kernel ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Fuel Stratification ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Initial Flame

This paper offers new insights into a partial fuel stratification (PFS) combustion strategy that has proven to be effective at stabilizing overall lean combustion in direct injection spark ignition engines. To this aim, high spatial and temporal resolution optical diagnostics were applied in an optically accessible engine working in PFS mode for two fuels and two different durations of pilot injection at the time of spark: 210 µs and 330 µs for E30 (gasoline blended with ethanol by 30% volume fraction) and gasoline, respectively. In both conditions, early injections during the intake stroke were used to generate a well-mixed lean background. The results were compared to rich, stoichiometric and lean well-mixed combustion with different spark timings. In the PFS combustion process, it was possible to detect a non-spherical and highly wrinkled blue flame, coupled with yellow diffusive flames due to the combustion of rich zones near the spark plug. The initial flame spread for both PFS cases was faster compared to any of the well-mixed cases (lean, stoichiometric and rich), suggesting that the flame propagation for PFS is enhanced by both enrichment and enhanced local turbulence caused by the pilot injection. Different spray evolutions for the two pilot injection durations were found to strongly influence the flame kernel inception and propagation. PFS with pilot durations of 210 µs and 330 µs showed some differences in terms of shapes of the flame front and in terms of extension of diffusive flames. Yet, both cases were highly repeatable.

scholarly journals Free Stream Behavior of Hydrogen Released from a Fluidic Oscillating Nozzle

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Anja Fink ◽  
Oliver Nett ◽  
Simon Schmidt ◽  
Oliver Krüger ◽  
Thomas Ebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Stream ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Bottom Dead Center

The H2 internal combustion engine (ICE) is a key technology for complete decarbonization of the transport sector. To match or exceed the power density of conventional combustion engines, H2 direct injection (DI) is essential. Therefore, new injector concepts that meet the requirements of a H2 operation have to be developed. The macroscopic free stream behavior of H2 released from an innovative fluidic oscillating nozzle is investigated and compared with that of a conventional multi-hole nozzle. This work consists of H2 flow measurements and injection tests in a constant volume chamber using the Schlieren method and is accompanied by a LES simulation. The results show that an oscillating H2 free stream has a higher penetration velocity than the individual jets of a multi-hole nozzle. This behavior can be used to inject H2 far into the combustion chamber in the vertical direction while the piston is still near bottom dead center. As soon as the oscillation of the H2 free stream starts, the spray angle increases and therefore H2 is also distributed in the horizontal direction. In this phase of the injection process, spray angles comparable to those of a multi-hole nozzle are achieved. This behavior has a positive effect on H2 homogenization, which is desirable for the combustion process.

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