Investigation of a Duct Burner Design Using CFD in Comparison With Full-Scale Experiments

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Lorra ◽  
Carol A. Schnepper ◽  
Stephen Somers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Duct Burner ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Most new duct burners are supplied to heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) manufacturers for use in cogeneration systems. Key components of a simple cycle cogeneration plant include a turbine, generator, turbine exhaust gas duct, duct burner (optional), HRSG and downstream flue gas cleaning equipment. New developments in gas turbine technology are changing the boundary conditions for supplemental firing. In response, John Zink has an ongoing research project for the development of new duct burners achieving ultra low NOx emissions maintaining a good flame quality. The scope of this research work includes computational fluid dynamic modeling (CFD) and experimental testing of current design duct burner to obtain baseline data comparable with CFD results, and various experimental configurations through a full range of expected operating conditions. Experimental testing is performed in a test furnace at John Zink Company, Tulsa. Turbine exhaust gas (TEG) is simulated using John Zink Duct burners, which are supplied with air from a combustion air fan. Different O2 levels can be achieved by a combined water/steam injection. The temperature level of the TEG to the test burner can be adjusted with an air-cooled heat exchanger. Temperature and concentration measurements can be made at the test burner location and in the stack. Flame length, as well as NOx and CO emissions were measured for each data point. CFD modeling focused on the performance effects of turbine exhaust gas flow mal-distribution and the investigation on how reliable CFD models are, regarding flame stability calculations and NOx production. The results of this comprehensive testing and results from the CFD calculations will be compared and presented.

On the Effect of Swirl Flow of Gas Turbine Exhaust Gas in an Inlet Duct of Heat Recovery Steam Generator

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Lee ◽  
S. B. Kwon ◽  
C. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Duct Burner ◽  
Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Inlet Duct

Computational and experimental studies are performed to investigate the effect of swirl flow of gas turbine exhaust gas (GTEG) in an inlet duct of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). A supplemental-fired HRSG is chosen as the model studied because the uniformity of the GTEG at the inlet plane of the duct burner is essential in such applications. Both velocity and oxygen distributions are investigated at the inlet plane of the duct burner installed in the middle of the HRSG transition duct. Two important parameters, the swirl angle of GTEG and the momentum ratio of additional air to GTEG, are chosen for the investigation of mixing between the two streams. It has been found that a flow correction device (FCD) is essential to provide a uniform gas flow distribution at the inlet plane of the duct burner.

scholarly journals Membrane Distillation Crystallization Hybrid Process for Zero Liquid Discharge in QAFCO Plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Gulied ◽  
Sifani Zavahir ◽  
Tasneem Elmakki ◽  
Hazim Qiblawey ◽  
Bassim Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Liquid Discharge

Qatar fertilizer company (QAFCO) is one of the world’s largest single site producer of ammonia and urea with production capacity of 12,900 metric tons per day. Currently, QAFCO faces major challenges in terms of water streams management that is generated from many processes such as wastewater from Harbor-Bosch process and brine solution from multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination process. To protect the environment; QAFCO has been making an effort to minimize the disposal of all types of water disposed into the sea. Here, this project proposes to develop a viable and economically effective process that can reach zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) of all processed water or wastewater from QAFCO facilities. The best method for ZLD is membrane distillation crystallization (MDC) hybrid process that concentrates and minimizes the volume of wastewater/brine streams to form solid through crystallizer. Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven membrane process. It applies low-grade energy to create a thermal gradient across a microporous hydrophobic to vaporize water in the feed stream and condense the permeated vapor in the cold side. This research work aims to evaluate the performance of MDC for ZLD using commercial/fabricated electrospun nanofiber membrane (ENM) PVDF –base membranes at different type water streams. A general observation, higher water vapor flux and water recovery were exhibited at higher feed conductivity at 70°C. Moreover, the fabricated hydrophobic PVDF ENMs results confirmed the formation of nanofiber at the membrane surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the water contact angle values of PVDF ENMs were greater than 100° and have stable mechanical and chemical properties. The ongoing research work will conduct a comparison between the optimum PVDF ENMs and the commercial MD membranes in terms of water recovery, salt rejection%, fouling/scaling, amount of collected solid and energy consumption at optimum operating conditions in MDC. In addition, it will perform a techno- economic feasibility assessment of the MDC hybrid process.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Cost Optimization study of Osmotic Assisted Reverse Osmosis Process for Brine Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hersi Gulied ◽  
Ahmed Al Nouss ◽  
Tasneem ElMakki ◽  
Fathima Sifani Zavahir ◽  
Dong Suk han
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Ongoing Research

Due to the excessive demand to desalinate seawater to satisfy the domestic need in Qatar, it was needed to develop safe and cost effective desalination processes with the consideration of stringent regulation for water quality production and wastewater/brine discharge quality. The direct disposal of brines to the environment raised potential negative impact to the aquatic system and therefore the best practice is to minimize the volume of brine production and reuse it for beneficiary application. Several brine-dewatering techniques include both evaporative and non-evaporative approaches, which are capable to dewater high salinity brines with 50-350 g/L of total dissolved solids (TDS). The commonly adopted technology for dewatering brine is mechanical vapor compression that is known for its significant energy consumption up to 25 kWh/m3 of produced water for 50% of water recovery1. Non-evaporative membrane base technologies are a promising approach to dewater brines with minimum energy usage. Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) is an advance membrane based technology for energy efficient and high recovery desalination of saline brine. OARO differ from reverse osmosis (RO) by adding saline sweep on permeate side to reduce osmotic pressure difference across the membrane to generate more water flux. The ongoing research work are based on mathematical/numerical approach that focuses on finding the optimum OARO configuration, inlet hydraulic pressure to avoid membrane burst and cost analysis. However, most of these studies are conducted by considering ideal conditions. In this study, an algorithm for simulating OARO process based on MATLAB and Aspen Plus to model membrane calculation and to design process configuration is considered to the effect of concentration polarization (CP) and reverse solute flux (RSF). The objective is to study the effect of inlet feed concentration and flowrate, sweep concentration and flowrate, inlet hydraulic pressure, number of stages, membrane size and characteristics and module configuration flow. In addition, technical economic analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility of OARO process. The stopping criteria of this model is the quality of water permeating at the feasible operating conditions and the cost. This model demonstrated high potential simulating OARO process to be used as a palate form for the user to predict the behavior of the process by varying operating conditions to desired outcomes.

scholarly journals CFD Modeling of Solid Suspension in a Stirred Tank: Effect of Drag Models and Turbulent Dispersion on Cloud Height

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shitanshu Gohel ◽  
Shitalkumar Joshi ◽  
Mohammed Azhar ◽  
Marc Horner ◽  
Gustavo Padron
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Turbulent Dispersion ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Multiphase Model ◽  
Clear Liquid ◽  
Cloud Height ◽  
Drag Models

Many chemical engineering processes involve the suspension of solid particles in a liquid. In dense systems, agitation leads to the formation of a clear liquid layer above a solid cloud. Cloud height, defined as the location of the clear liquid interface, is a critical measure of process performance. In this study, solid-liquid mixing experiments were conducted and cloud height was measured as a function operating conditions and stirred tank configuration. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were then performed using an Eulerian-Granular multiphase model. The effects of hindered and unhindered drag models and turbulent dispersion force on cloud height were investigated. A comparison of the experimental and computational data showed excellent agreement over the full range of conditions tested.

scholarly journals Exploratory research for developing advanced pumping and compressor equipment adapted to abnormal operating conditions of oil and gas production

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Sazonov Appolonievich ◽  
Mokhov Albertovich ◽  
Mulenko Valentinovich ◽  
Tumanyan Arturovich ◽  
Frankov Alexandrovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Abnormal Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressor Equipment

The observed instability of the oil and gas market makes it necessary to intensify the exploratory scientific research for the development of advanced and inexpensive pumping and compressor equipment intended for oil and gas production and treatment. The ongoing research work is being undertaken with a view to modernize well-known technical solutions and develop new scientific principles for gas compression with the use of labyrinth compressors. From the published materials, it became known that when designing labyrinth pumps, the screw auger on the pump rotor can be replaced with a set of vane wheels. This design approach should be transferred from the field of pumping technology to the field of compressor technology as well. At the initial stage of such research microlevel models of new turbocompressors have been developed to test their performance. Further, was made the transition from the low-cost physical experiments with micro-level models to a deeper study of the working process for the basic model of the compressor with the screw rotor. 3D-model development was carried out with the use of the SolidWorks 3D CAD-system. In order to undertake a calculation study, the FloEFD software package of computational fluid dynamics developed by Mentor Graphics Corporation has been used. The results of the research findings can be used for the development of energy-efficient technologies for the compression and pumping of various gases. The development of cheaper and more economical pump-compressor units will allow for the solution of urgent hydrocarbon exploration and production problems in abnormal operating conditions. Based on similar compressor units, there is a possibility to develop other sectors of science and technology as well.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Analysis of Gas Turbine Subsystems for Power Generation in the Niger Delta

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Sidum Adumene ◽  
Anthony Kpegele Le-ol ◽  
Barinaadaa Thaddeus Lebele-Alawa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Cost Rate

In this research work, performance and economic analysis of three units’ gas turbine plants in the Niger Delta, Nigeria has been carried out for the period of 18 months. The aim of this study is to assess the energy, exergy and economic behavior of the plants subsystems. The methodology involved the splitting of the system into control volumes to show the inflow and outflow of energy and exergy at different operating conditions. A parametric study was also conducted to evaluate the influence of key decision variable like load on the plants subsystem performance. The analysis was done in MATLAB 7.3 ® environment and the results reveals that between the 40%-86% loading of the plant, the energy loss was optimum due to outages and exhaust gas energy waste, with revenue worth of $14,611,642 cumulatively, while the irreversibility in the exhaust gas progressively increase as the load increases with an exergy destruction cost rate of $234.98 per hour per unit. The combustor show maximum exergy loss at 44% load with an exergy destruction cost rate of $127.87 per hour per unit, while the power turbine highest exergy destruction cost rate occurred at 73% load. These key performance indicators provided relevant information on the technical state of the plant for decision making.

A Case Study: Analysis of Patents of Coronaviruses and Covid-19 for Technology Assesment and Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Musyuni ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Ramesh K. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Patent Documents

Background: Protecting intellectual property rights are important and particularly pertinent for inventions which are an outcome of rigorous research and development. While the grant of patents is subject to establishing novelty and inventive step, it further indicates the technological development and helpful for researchers working in the same technical domain. The aim of the present research work is to map the existing work through analysis of patent literature, in the field of Coronaviruses (CoV), particularly COVID-19 (2019-nCoV). CoV is a large family of viruses known to cause illness in human and animals, particularly known for causing respiratory infections as evidenced in earlier times such as in MERS i.e. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; SRS i.e. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. A recently identified novel-coronavirus has known as COVID-19 which has currently caused pandemic situation across the globe. Objective: To expand analysis of patents related to CoV and 2019-nCoV. Evaluation has been conducted by patenting trends of particular strains of identified CoV diseases by present legal status, main concerned countries via earliest priority years and its assignee types and inventors of identified relevant patents. We analyzed the global patent documents to check the scope of claims along with focuses and trends of the published patent documents for the entire CoV family including 2019- nCoV through the present landscape. Methods: To extract the results, Derwent Innovation database is used by a combination of different key-strings. Approximately 3800 patents were obtained and further scrutinized and analyzed. The present write-up also discusses the recent progress of patent applications in a period of the year 2010 to 2020 (present) along with the recent developments in India for the treatment options for CoV and 2019-nCoV. Results: Present analysis showed that key areas of the inventions have been focused on vaccines and diagnostic kits apart from the composition for treatment of CoV. We also observed that no specific vaccine treatments is available for treatment of 2019-nCov, however, developing novel chemical or biological drugs and kits for early diagnosis, prevention and disease management is the primarily governing topic among the patented inventions. The present study also indicates potential research opportunities for the future, particularly to combat 2019-nCoV. Conclusion: The present paper analyzes the existing patents in the field of Coronaviruses and 2019-nCoV and suggests a way forward for the effective contribution in this upcoming research area. From the trend analysis, it was observed an increase in filing of the overall trend of patent families for a period of 2010 to the current year. This multifaceted analysis of identified patent literature provides an understanding of the focuses on present ongoing research and grey area in terms of the trends of technological innovations in disease management in patients with CoV and 2019-nCoV. Further, the findings and outcome of the present study offer insights for the proposed research and innovation opportunities and provide actionable information in order to facilitate policymakers, academia, research driven institutes and also investors to make better decisions regarding programmed steps for research and development for the diagnosis, treatment and taking preventive measures for CoV and 2019-nCoV. The present article also emphasizes on the need for future development and the role of academia and collaboration with industry for speedy research with a rationale.

The behaviour of heavily loaded line contacts with transverse roughness

1999 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Hooke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Entrainment Velocity ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Line Contacts ◽  
Transverse Roughness ◽  
Inlet Length

In heavily loaded, piezoviscous contacts the surface roughness tends to be flattened inside the conjunction by any relative sliding of the surfaces. However, before it is flattened, the roughness affects the inlet to the contact, producing clearance variations there. These variations are then convected through the contact, at the entrainment velocity, producing a clearance distribution that differs from the original surface. The present paper explores this behaviour and establishes how the amplitude of the convected clearance varies with wavelength and operating conditions. It is shown that the primary influence is the ratio of the wavelength to the inlet length of the conjunction. Where this ratio is large, the roughness is smoothed and there is little variation in clearance under the conjunction. Where the ratio is small, significant variations in clearance may occur but the precise amplitude and phasing depend on the ratio of slide to roll velocities and on the value of a piezoviscous parameter, c. The numerical results agree closely with existing solutions but extend these to cover the full range of operating conditions.

scholarly journals Energetic and exergetic analysis of a convective drier: A case study of potato drying process

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
Iman Golpour ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Reza Amiri Chayjan ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Exergy Losses

AbstractThis research work focused on the evaluation of energy and exergy in the convective drying of potato slices. Experiments were conducted at four air temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70°C) and three air velocities (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s) in a convective dryer, with circulating heated air. Freshly harvested potatoes with initial moisture content (MC) of 79.9% wet basis were used in this research. The influence of temperature and air velocity was investigated in terms of energy and exergy (energy utilization [EU], energy utilization ratio [EUR], exergy losses and exergy efficiency). The calculations for energy and exergy were based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Results indicated that EU, EUR and exergy losses decreased along drying time, while exergy efficiency increased. The specific energy consumption (SEC) varied from 1.94 × 105 to 3.14 × 105 kJ/kg. The exergy loss varied in the range of 0.006 to 0.036 kJ/s and the maximum exergy efficiency obtained was 85.85% at 70°C and 0.5 m/s, while minimum exergy efficiency was 57.07% at 40°C and 1.5 m/s. Moreover, the values of exergetic improvement potential (IP) rate changed between 0.0016 and 0.0046 kJ/s and the highest value occurred for drying at 70°C and 1.5 m/s, whereas the lowest value was for 70°C and 0.5 m/s. As a result, this knowledge will allow the optimization of convective dryers, when operating for the drying of this food product or others, as well as choosing the most appropriate operating conditions that cause the reduction of energy consumption, irreversibilities and losses in the industrial convective drying processes.

scholarly journals Different Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Panels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3863
Author(s):  
Tiago Alves ◽  
João Paulo N. Torres ◽  
Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas ◽  
Carlos A. F. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pv Panel

The effect of partial shading in photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the biggest problems regarding power losses in PV systems. When the irradiance pattern throughout a PV panel is inequal, some cells with the possibility of higher power production will produce less and start to deteriorate. The objective of this research work is to present, test and discuss different techniques to help mitigate partial shading in PV panels, observing and commenting the advantages and disadvantages for different PV technologies under different operating conditions. The motivation is to contribute with research, simulation, and experimental work. Several state-of-the-artsolutions to the problem will be presented: different topologies in the interconnection of the panels; different PV system architectures, and also introducing new solution hypotheses, such as different cell interconnections topologies. Alongside, benefits and limitations will be discussed. To obtain actual results, the simulation work was conducted by creating MATLAB/Simulink models for each different technique tested, all centered around the 1M5P PV cell model. The several techniques tested will also take into account different patterns and sizes of partial shading, different PV panel technologies, different values of source irradiation, and different PV array sizes. The results will be discussed and validated by experimental tests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document