Emissions and Performance on a Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester Fueled Diesel Engine With Retarded Injection Timing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Suryawanshi
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Performance And Emission

Injection timing variations have a strong effect on NOx emissions for direct injection diesel engines. Retarded injection is commonly used to control NOx emissions. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable fuel with the potential to reduce engine exhaust emissions. The methyl ester of jatropha oil, known as biodiesel, is receiving increasing attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. In the present investigation neat jatropha oil methyl ester (JME) as well as the blends of varying proportions of jatropha oil methyl ester (JME) and diesel were used to run a CI engine with standard injection timing and retarded injection timing. Significant improvements in engine performance and emission characteristics were observed for JME fuel. The addition of JME to diesel fuel has significantly reduced HC, CO, and smoke emissions but it increases the NOx emission slightly with standard injection timing. The NOX emission was decreased with retarded injection timing with negligible effect on fuel consumption rate. Similar trend in brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature was observed with retarded injection timing while maximum cylinder gas pressure and ignition delay was decreased.

Experimental Investigations on Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel and its Methanol Blend in a Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thangaraja ◽  
K. Anand ◽  
Pramod S. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Full Load Operation ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons

While engines fueled with neat or blended biodiesel have favorable combustion-emission profile in terms of carbon monoxide, particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons emissions, they are reported to have higher NOx emissions as compared to petro-diesel. On the other hand, use of alcohols especially methanol, though limited in diesel engines, is found to decrease engine exhaust emissions including smoke and NOx emissions. The present experimental investigation evaluates the use of biodiesel-methanol blend in mitigating higher NOx emissions in biodiesel fuelled engines along with its effect on other engine performance conditions. The experimental results obtained for a blend of 90% Jatropha methyl ester and 10% methanol (J90M10) and neat Jatropha methyl ester (J100) by varying engine output load at maximum torque speed of 1400 rpm are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The experimental results at full load operation for J90M10 blend compared with neat J100 indicate a reduction in exhaust nitric oxide and smoke concentrations by 28% and 50% respectively along with a reduction of 2% in peak pressure and 0.5% in brake thermal efficiency. Also, a marginal retard in injection timing and a higher ignition delay period is observed with Jatropha methyl ester -methanol blend operation.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of diesel - Jatropha methyl ester blends fueled diesel engine at optimum engine operating parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkatraman ◽  
G. Devaradjane
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuel

In the present investigation, tests were carried out to determine engine performance, combustion and emissions of a naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel and Jatropha Methyl ester and their blends (JME10, JME20 and JME30). Comparison of performance and emission was done for different values of compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing to find best possible combination for operating engine with JME. It is found that the combined compression ratio of 19:1, injection pressure of 240 bar and injection timing of 27?bTDC increases the BTHE and reduces BSFC while having lower emissions.From the investigation, it is concluded that the both performance and emissions can considerably improved for Methyl ester of jatropha oil blended fuel JME20 compared to diesel.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with Uppage Oil Methyl Ester (UOME)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Basavarajappa ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
S.V. Khandal ◽  
G. Manavendra
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission

For economic and social development of any country energy is one of the most essential requirements. Continuously increasing price of crude petroleum fuels in the present days coupled with alarming emissions and stringent emission regulations has led to growing attention towards use of alternative fuels like vegetable oils, alcoholic and gaseous fuels for diesel engine applications. Use of such fuels can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. Diesel engines are highly efficient and the main problems associated with them is their high smoke and NOx emissions.  Hence there is an urgent need to promote the use of alternative fuels in place of high speed diesel (HSD) as substitute. India has a large agriculture base that can be used as a feed stock to obtain newer fuel which is renewable and sustainable. Accordingly Uppage oil methyl ester (UOME) biodiesel was selected as an alternative fuel. Use of biodiesels in diesel engines fitted with mechanical fuel injection systems has limitation on the injector opening pressure (300 bar). CRDI system can overcome this drawback by injecting fuel at very high pressures (1500-2500 bar) and is most suitable for biodiesel fuels which are high viscous. This paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fuelled with UOME biodiesel at different injection timings and injection pressures. From the experimental evidence it was revealed that UOME biodiesel yielded overall better performance with reduced emissions at retarded injection timing of -10° BTDC in CRDI mode of engine operation.

scholarly journals Modification of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine in Improving the Ignitability and Emissions of Diesel–Ethanol–Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blends

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Mat Taib ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Injection Strategies

Blending diesel with biofuels, such as ethanol and palm oil methyl ester (PME), enhances the fuel properties and produces improved engine performance and low emissions. However, the presence of ethanol, which has a small cetane number and low heating value, reduces the fuel ignitability. This work aimed to study the effect of injection strategies, compression ratio (CR), and air intake temperature (Ti) modification on blend ignitability, combustion characteristics, and emissions. Moreover, the best composition of diesel–ethanol–PME blends and engine modification was selected. A simulation was also conducted using Converge CFD software based on a single-cylinder direct injection compression ignition Yanmar TF90 engine parameter. Diesel–ethanol–PME blends that consist of 10% ethanol with 40% PME (D50E10B40), D50E25B25, and D50E40B10 were selected and conducted on different injection strategies, compression ratios, and intake temperatures. The results show that shortening the injection duration and increasing the injected mass has no significant effect on ignition. Meanwhile, advancing the injection timing improves the ignitability but with weak ignition energy. Therefore, increasing the compression ratio and ambient temperature helps ignite the non-combustible blends due to the high temperature and pressure. This modification allowed the mixture to ignite with a minimum CR of 20 and Ti of 350 K. Thus, blending high ethanol contents in a diesel engine can be applied by advancing the injection, increasing the CR, and increasing the ambient temperature. From the emission comparison, the most suitable mixtures that can be operated in the engine without modification is D50E25B25, and the most appropriate modification on the engine is by increasing the ambient temperature at 350 K.

Experimental investigations on combustion of jatropha methyl ester in a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1865-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Anand ◽  
R P Sharma ◽  
P S Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Gas Temperature

Suitability of vegetable oil as an alternative to diesel fuel in compression ignition engines has become attractive, and research in this area has gained momentum because of concerns on energy security, high oil prices, and increased emphasis on clean environment. The experimental work reported here has been carried out on a turbocharged direct-injection multicylinder truck diesel engine using diesel fuel and jatropha methyl ester (JME)-diesel blends. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that an increase in JME quantity in the blend slightly advances the dynamic fuel injection timing and lowers the ignition delay compared with the diesel fuel. A maximum rise in peak pressure limited to 6.5 per cent is observed for fuel blends up to 40 per cent JME for part-load (up to about 50 per cent load) operations. However, for a higher-JME blend, the peak pressures decrease at higher loads remained within 4.5 per cent. With increasing proportion of JME in the blend, the peak pressure occurrence slightly advances and the maximum rate of pressure rise, combustion duration, and exhaust gas temperature decrease by 9 per cent, 15 per cent and 17 per cent respectively. Although the changes in brake thermal efficiencies for 20 per cent and 40 per cent JME blends compared with diesel fuel remain insignificant, the 60 per cent JME blend showed about 2.7 per cent improvement in the brake thermal efficiency. In general, it is observed that the overall performance and combustion characteristics of the engine do not alter significantly for 20 per cent and 40 per cent JME blends but show an improvement over diesel performance when fuelled with 60 per cent JME blend.

Influence of Ignition Timing and EGR on the NOx Emission and the Performance of an SI Engine Fueled With Hydrogen

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Khairallah ◽  
Warren S. Vaz ◽  
Umit O. Koylu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Oxidation ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Engine Power

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and ignition timing have strong effects on engine performance and exhaust emissions. In the present study, detailed chemical reactions with 29 steps of hydrogen oxidation with additional nitrogen oxidation reactions were coupled with an advanced CFD code to investigate the engine performance and emission characteristics of a SI engine fueled with hydrogen. The NOx formation within the engine was computed using the extended Zeldovich mechanism with parameters adjusted for a carbon-free fuel such as hydrogen. The computational results were validated against experimental results with equivalence ratio of 0.84 and fixed ignition timing at crank angle of 5° BTDC (before top dead center). The simulations were then employed to examine the effects of EGR and ignition timing on the engine performance and NOx formation and emission. The EGR ratio was varied between 5% and 15% while the ignition timings considered were 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° BTDC. It was found that NOx emission increased with advancing the ignition timing away from TDC while the indicated engine power showed an increasing trend with further advancing the ignition timing. Higher indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and indicated thermal efficiency were obtained with an advanced ignition timing of 20° BTDC. The model was also run with three different EGR ratios of 5%, 10% and 15% with fixed ignition timing at 5° BTDC. The simulation results quantified the reduction in NOx and the indicated engine power with the increase in the EGR ratio. The computations were consistent with the hypothesis that the combustion duration increases with the EGR ratio. Finally, the maximization of engine power and minimization of NOx emissions were considered as conflicting objectives. The different data points were plotted in the objective space. Using the concept of “knee”, (5° BTDC, 0% EGR) was selected as the optimal operating point representing the best trade-off between maximum engine power and minimum NOx emissions.

NOx emissions in direct injection diesel engines: Part 2: model performance for conventional, prolonged ignition delay, and premixed charge compression ignition operating conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Brückner ◽  
Panagiotis Kyrtatos ◽  
Konstantinos Boulouchos
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
And Diffusion

Investigations from recent years have shown that at operating conditions characterized by long ignition delays and resulting large proportions of premixed combustion, the NOx emission trend does not correspond to the (usually) postulated correlation with an appropriately defined (adiabatic) burnt flame temperature. This correlation, however, is the cornerstone of most published NOx models for direct injection diesel engines. In this light, a new phenomenological NOx model has been developed in Brückner et al. (Part 1), which considers NOx formation from products of premixed and diffusion combustion and accounts for compression heating of post-flame gases, and describes NOx formation by thermal chemistry. In this study (Part 2), the model is applied to predict NOx emissions from two medium-speed direct injection diesel engines of different size and at various operating conditions. Single parameter variations comprising sweeps of injection pressure, start of injection, load, exhaust gas recirculation rate, number of injections, and end-of-compression temperature are studied on a single-cylinder engine. In addition, different engine configurations (valve timing, turbocharger setup) and injection parameters of a marine diesel engine are investigated. For both engines and all parameter variations, the model prediction shows good agreement. Most notably, the model captures the turning point of the NOx emission trend with increasing ignition delay (first decreasing, then increasing NOx) for both engines. The differentiation in the physical treatment of the products of premixed and diffusion with increasing ignition delay showed to be essential for the model to capture the trend-reversal. Specifically, the model predicted that peak NOx formation rates in diffusion zones decrease with increasing ignition delay, whereas for the same change in ignition delay, peak formation rates in premixed zones increase. This is caused by the high energy release in short time, causing a strong compression of existing premixed combustion product zones that mix at a slower rate and have less time to mix, significantly increasing their temperature. In contrast, the model under-predicts NOx emissions for very low oxygen concentrations, in particular below 15 vol.%, which is attributed to the simple thermal NOx kinetic mechanism used. It is concluded that the new model is able to predict NOx emissions for conventional diesel combustion and for long ignition delay operating conditions, where a substantial amount of heat is released in premixed mode.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Diesel Engine using Moringa Oil Methyl Ester with Fumigation Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1783-1786
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Moringa Oil

The paper investigated the effect of 1-hexanol fumigation in an engine performance using Moringa biodiesel blend. In this research, the biodiesel used is processed from Moringa Olifera seed. In this research tests were performed with the modification of a CI engine to carburet the hexanol into the intake manifold. Initially the experiment was conducted with diesel and Moringa biodiesel (MOME25), and then the test was conducted with various proportions of fumigated hexanol along with MOBD25. Results revealed that, the BTE was increased by 1.08% for MOBD25 with 10% n-hexanol fumigation compared with other diesel and other proportions of fumigations with MOBD25 blend. The NOx emission and smoke were diminished by 36% and 38% respectively for MOBD25 with 30% n-hexanol fumigation. It is concluded that 30% n-hexanol fumigation with MOBD25 blend drastically reduce the NOx emissions with the penalty of BTE.

Injection Timing Variation and its Influence on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics on a Direct Injection CI Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hariram ◽  
S. Seralathan ◽  
M. Rajasekaran ◽  
G. John
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
And Performance

The present experimental investigation aims at improving the combustion and performance parameters by varying the injection timing. A 3.5 kW single cylinder stationary CI engine equipped with eddy current dynamometer is used in this investigation. The static injection timing is varied using spill method by an advancement and retirement of 2 CAD with respect to standard injection timing of 23 BTDC. On comparison with the standard injection timing, the brake thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, mean gas temperature and rate of pressure rise are found to increase along with a significant decrease in brake specific fuel consumption for an advanced injection timing of 21 BTDC. Negative improvement is observed with respect to retarded injection timing of 25 BTDC. Optimum parameters for enhanced engine performance is found to be 21 BTDC injection timing with a 200 bar injection pressure at rated speed.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Country Borage Methyl Ester - Diesel Blend in a Compression Ignition Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1835-1839
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
Physical And Chemical

An Experiment has been conducted performance and emission and combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder by using country borage methyl ester (CBM) and diesel blend in a direct injection at a constant speed diesel engine. In the past few years, the investigation on the biofuels has been considerable interest by virtue of their unique physical and chemical properties. This experiment works involves the usage of country borage methyl ester and diesel blend, to study its effect on performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Diesel and country borage methyl ester fuel blends are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, and varying load of 25% increment from no load to full load. The experiment was carried out for engine performance parameter such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of CBM 20 blend was slightly higher 3% than that of diesel. And the engine emission parameters such as hydrogen emissions is reduced 22% for CBM 20 and 32.5% for CBM 40 blend. And NOx emission was slightly increased by 5% for CBM 20 and 8% for CBM 40.

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