Representing the Water-Energy Nexus With Decision Matrices

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Weimann ◽  
Matthew Schmidt ◽  
Arthur Bergles ◽  
Marc Compere
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Aging Infrastructure

The global water nexus is still in the formative stages as a area of study. The needs are mostly clear: people need adequate water for drinking, for growing food, for cooling steam-based power plants, and for sustaining the natural habitats that keep the carbon and hydrologic cycles functioning properly. What has emerged is a growing awareness of how finite the earth’s water resources are and how this creates a complex set of interconnected challenges in both developed and developing nations. What has also emerged are predictions with increasing urgency for water and energy crises in the next 20–50 years, especially if these concerns are left unaddressed. The Water-Nexus is not new, but its emerging importance now is driven primarily by population growth, climate change, and our growing awareness of societal impact on ecosystems. Providing energy for buildings, homes, and transportation is an increasingly difficult task for the growing population and aging infrastructure. Most individual issues within the Water-Energy Nexus are fairly well known with quantifiable water impacts. What is lacking is a clear representation of the Nexus relationships that show how changes in one sector impact another. What is needed is a compact way to represent the interrelationships that provide both insight and perspective on how much influence one proposed change has compared to another. Such an understanding should surface the most strategic, viable methods for simultaneously meeting water and energy needs while being a good steward of finances and natural resources. We propose the use of decision matrices from engineering design to represent the interconnected relationships that form the Water-Energy Nexus. The customers in this case are water-centric stakeholders such as government and corporate decision makers, educators, and water-oriented development agencies. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are used to integrate the nexus topics into the decision matrix. Both positive and negative correlations in water impacts are indicated with their relative level of influence. Common units are used when possible to quantify water consumption or savings. Decision matrices are presented for transportation fuels and utility power generation. The transportation fuels matrix includes evaluation criteria for water impact, sustainability, convenience, emissions, public opinion, and geographic considerations. The utility power decision matrix has similar evaluation criteria except capacity factor is considered instead of convenience. These criteria are intended to aid policy makers in strategically navigating the legislative and policy generation process to emphasize or reduce emphasis on different fuel types. Recommendations are provided for strategic, viable methods to mitigate future effects of the Water-Energy crisis.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Using the Auxiliary Boiler for Peak Power Generation by a Steam Turbine of NPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
V. A. Khrustalev ◽  
M. V. Garievskii
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

The article presents the technique of an estimation of efficiency of use of potential heat output of an auxiliary boiler (AB) to improve electric capacity and manoeuvrability of a steam turbine unit of a power unit of a nuclear power plant (NPP) equipped with a water-cooled water-moderated power reactor (WWER). An analysis of the technical characteristics of the AB of Balakovo NPP (of Saratov oblast) was carried out and hydrocarbon deposits near the NPP were determined. It is shown that in WWER nuclear power plants in Russia, auxiliary boilers are mainly used only until the normal operation after start-up whereas auxiliary boiler equipment is maintained in cold standby mode and does not participate in the generation process at power plants. The results of research aimed to improve the systems of regulation and power management of power units; general principles of increasing the efficiency of production, transmission and distribution of electric energy, as well as the issues of attracting the potential of energy technology sources of industrial enterprises to provide load schedules have been analyzed. The possibility of using the power complex NPP and the AB as a single object of regulation is substantiated. The authors’ priority scheme-parametric developments on the possibility of using the thermal power of the auxiliary boilers to increase the power of the steam turbine of a nuclear power plant unit equipped with WWER reactors unit during peak periods, as well as the enthalpy balance method for calculating heat flows, were applied. The surface area of the additional heater of the regeneration “deaerator – high pressure heaters” system and its cost were calculated. On the basis of calculations, it was shown that the additional power that can be obtained in the steam turbine of the NPP with a capacity of 1200 MW due to the use of heat of the modernized auxiliary boiler in the additional heat exchanger is 40.5 MW. The additional costs for the implementation of the heat recovery scheme of the auxiliary boiler at different prices for gas fuel and the resulting system effect were estimated in an enlarged way. Calculations have shown the acceptability of the payback period of the proposed modernization.

scholarly journals The weak data on the water–energy nexus in Spain

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sesma-Martín ◽  
M. d. Mar Rubio-Varas
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Striking Fact

Abstract This paper focuses on the fact that the water–energy nexus remains an irrelevant issue on the energy policy agenda and on the priorities of the energy leaders in Spain. This is a striking fact given that this takes place in the most arid country in Europe, where almost two-thirds of electricity generation would have to be halted in the absence of an adequate water supply. We contend that part of the explanation may lie in the lack of official statistics and inconsistent sources of information on the water–energy nexus in Spain. To illustrate this point, we provide examples of the uneven data available for one of the most intensive freshwater users in the thermoelectric sector in Spain: nuclear power plants. Our research demonstrates the need for improved indicators as policy instruments in the water–energy nexus in Spain since it is impossible to improve what cannot be measured.

scholarly journals Designing a model to determine the preferred Islamic contract for a bank facilities applicant

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Marzieh Jahani ◽  
Parastoo Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Compromise Solution ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hierarchy Process

This paper aims to present a model to determine the preferred Islamic contract for the bank facilities applicant in the industrial sector. For this purpose we use a consolidated method which includes the compromise solution multi-criteria optimization in the first phase, and the calculation of the cost of financing for the applicant of facilities in the second phase. Afterwards, by using the output of the both-phase, the preferred Islamic contract based on the combinational criterion has been determined for the applicant of the facilities. According to the fact that in the financing of the projects, in addition to the criteria related to the cost of financing, the qualitative criteria are also important, so both the qualitative and quantitative criteria have been considered in this research. In this study, we used four widely applied Islamic contracts (Jo’aalah Instalment sales, Hire purchase, Participation). The assessment criteria of the Islamic contracts have been extracted in the form of a questionnaire based on the previous studies and the expert’s point of view. In the first phase, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used in order to determine the weights of the evaluation criteria of the Islamic contracts; and, in order to select an appropriate contract for the applicant, the compromise solution multi-criteria optimization approach (VIKOR), which is based on the decision matrix, was used. In the second phase, the cost of financing from the bank was estimated for the applicant of the facilities in the four contracts. Finally, the obtained results of the qualitative questionnaire and the cost of financing from the bank have been combined; thus, the preferred contract for the applicant of facilities has been determined based on a combinational criterion.

Multi Criteria Evaluation Model of Renewable Energy Power Plants Based on ELECTRE Method

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Jiang Wang ◽  
You-Yin Jing ◽  
Jun-Hong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Electre Method ◽  
Save Energy

The feasibility evaluation of renewable energy power plants from multi criteria is necessary to save energy, protect environment and develop technology. This paper employs the improved elimination et choice translating reality (ELECTRE) method to evaluate 10 kinds of energy power plants in five criteria. The plants includes the coal fired, solar-thermal, geothermal, biomass, nuclear, photovoltaic solar, wind, ocean, hydro and natural gas combined cycle power plants. The evaluation criteria reflects four aspects from the technology, economy, environment and society. The concrete criteria are efficiency, installation, electricity cost, CO2 emission, and land requirement. Finally, the multi criteria evaluations show that the hydro power plant in the renewable energy are the optimal schemes at present.

scholarly journals Operational Simulation Environment for SCADA Integration of Renewable Resources

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Francisco Larios ◽  
Enrique Personal ◽  
Antonio Parejo ◽  
Sebastián García ◽  
Antonio García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Operator Tasks ◽  
Energy Assets ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

The complexity of power systems is rising mainly due to the expansion of renewable energy generation. Due to the enormous variability and uncertainty associated with these types of resources, they require sophisticated planning tools so that they can be used appropriately. In this sense, several tools for the simulation of renewable energy assets have been proposed. However, they are traditionally focused on the simulation of the generation process, leaving the operation of these systems in the background. Conversely, more expert SCADA operators for the management of renewable power plants are required, but their training is not an easy task. SCADA operation is usually complex, due to the wide set of information available. In this sense, simulation or co-simulation tools can clearly help to reduce the learning curve and improve their skills. Therefore, this paper proposes a useful simulator based on a JavaScript engine that can be easily connected to any renewable SCADAs, making it possible to perform different simulated scenarios for novel operator training, as if it were a real facility. Using this tool, the administrators can easily program those scenarios allowing them to sort out the lack of support found in setting up facilities and training of novel operator tasks. Additionally, different renewable energy generation models that can be implemented in the proposed simulator are described. Later, as a use example of this tool, a study case is also performed. It proposes three different wind farm generation facility models, based on different turbine models: one with the essential generation turbine function obtained from the manufacturer curve, another with an empirical model using monotonic splines, and the last one adding the most important operational states, making it possible to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed simulation tool.

Synthesis and dual-objective optimization of industrial combined heat and power plants compromising the water–energy nexus

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 448-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Huang ◽  
Xianglong Luo ◽  
Jianyong Chen ◽  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Water Energy Nexus

scholarly journals Evaluation of precautionary measures for COVID-19 in a work environment with multi-criteria decision analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Martins ◽  
Lucas Rangel ◽  
Marcilene Vianna ◽  
Dalessandro Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Promethee Ii ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Abstract Background In December 2019 in China, the COVID-19 pandemic process began. From this milestone, it is clear the relevance of the analysis of control and prevention measures used to combat this disease in a work environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the main precautionary measures in COVID-19 administrative services, using three techniques of multi-criteria decision making. Methods This study was conducted in four stages. In the first stage, there was the characterization of an administrative services company as an analytical model. In the second stage, some prevention measures were defined as choices and their evaluation criteria. The alternatives were: use of masks; use of gel alcohol; handwashing; hygiene of workstations and bathrooms; use of individual utensils; physical-social distance; and education (training on prevention). The criteria were: reduction of the probability of transmission by contact; practicality of behavioral adaptation; and monthly cost. In the third stage, a decision matrix was constructed relating the selected choices and criteria. In the fourth stage there was the application of the techniques PROMETHEE I, PROMETHEE II and ELECTRE III to prioritize the selected prevention measures. Results After the comparative analysis of the results of the applied techniques, it was possible to strongly advise four of the seven measures chosen: use of masks; use of gel alcohol; physical-social distance and education. Conclusions The methodology used in this study can support decision-making with the selection of more efficient actions in the preservation of the health and work capacity of workers, and in the optimization of corporate financial resources.

scholarly journals Management Structure of Product Design of Small and Medium Industries in Thailand to the International Market Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Supornrat Vondusitburi
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
International Market ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Structured Analysis

The purpose of this research were 1) to synthesize the structure of product design management of small and medium industries in Thailand to the international market education, and 2) to verify the consistency of the relationship between marketing demand and corporate strategy, research and development, innovation and technology and design goals. This research is quantitative and qualitative research. The sample group for quantitative research was 500 small and medium business entrepreneurs, 9 key informants divided into 4 groups: business people, government organization group, academic group, and designer data analysis uses a structured analysis. The analysis of the developed structural models was found that the evaluation criteria were consistent with the empirical data. The relative chi-squared probability was 0.306, the relative chi-squared probability was 1.042, the consistency index was 0.957, and the mean square of the estimation of the error was 0.009.

Basic Analysis of Counter-Rotating Turbines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cai ◽  
W. Wu ◽  
G. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Rotating Blade ◽  
Rotating Shafts ◽  
Blade Element

A comprehensive basic analysis for various counter–rotating turbines is given with the blade element stage assumption. Similar to the classical analysis of common turbine stages, the appropriate independent variables and evaluation criteria of the counter–rotating turbine stages are first presented and then three typical kinds of rotating blade rows are defined and all possible typical schemes of counter–rotating turbine stages are enumerated. Their performances of specific work, load factor distribution between two counter–rotating shafts and efficiency are analysed and discussed for different shaft rotating speed ratios. This information is useful for the selection and preliminary design of a counter–rotating turbine. From the analysis results, it is concluded that the load capacity per unit engine length of counter–rotating turbines can be much higher than that of common turbines (approximately twice) without efficiency penalty or even with higher efficiency. Some triple counter–rotating turbines suitable for three shaft gas turbine power plants are proposed and analysed briefly too.

scholarly journals Optimal Operation Modes of Virtual Power Plants Based on Typical Scenarios Considering Output Evaluation Criteria

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Luo ◽  
Yajing Gao ◽  
Wenhai Yang ◽  
Yongchun Yang ◽  
Zheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Electricity Trading ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Virtual Power Plants

Stimulated by the severe energy crisis and the increasing awareness about the need for environmental protection, the efficient use of renewable energy has become a hot topic. The virtual power plant (VPP) is an effective way of integrating distributed energy systems (DES) by effectively deploying them in power grid dispatching or electricity trading. In this paper, the operating mode of the VPP with penetration of wind power, solar power and energy storage is investigated. Firstly, the grid-connection requirements of VPP according to the current wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) grid-connection requirements, and analyzed its profitability are examined. Secondly, under several typical scenarios grouped by a self-organization map (SOM) clustering algorithm using the VPP’s output data, a profit optimization model is established as a guideline for the VPP’s optimal operation. Based on this model, case studies are performed and the results indicate that this model is both feasible and effective.

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