Heavy Duty Vehicle Cooling System Auxiliary Load Management Control: An Application of Linear Control Strategy (MIMO and SISO)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Sermeno ◽  
Eric Bideaux ◽  
Xavier Brun ◽  
Omar Ameur
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Duty

Vehicle Thermal Management covers the engineering field of solutions that maintain the complete vehicle in acceptable operating conditions regarding components and fluid temperatures in an engine. The maximum efficiency rating of a Diesel engine reaches up to 45%; a vast amount of the energy produced is transformed into heat. This heat is partly rejected in the exhaust gases and partly transmitted to the engine cooling circuit. The latter can be seen in two different ways, on the one hand, cooling is necessary to regulate the fluids and component temperature to an optimum operating point for fuel efficiency and maintain engine performance. On the other hand it constitutes a loss since the coolant system actuators are engine driven (pump, fan, etc.). In order to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle one can reduce the losses generated by the cooling system. Ideally, the full motive force of the engine should be used for propulsion, and new and more efficient energy sources have to be explored to power the secondary systems (cooling, compressed air…). The electrification of some components in the cooling system can limit losses and improve component energy efficiency but it is not the only answer and in many cases this approach might be a limited. Recent studies have shown that by improving the control strategy of the cooling system the fuel consumption can be improved, however no real data is available since its implementation has been limited. In keeping with latter approach, this paper introduces a novel control which aims at a more efficient regulation of the cooling system operation of a Heavy Duty Truck cooling system. The main complexity in such a system remains the interactions between actuators. In this paper we propose a way to solve this using a control based on model inversion and decoupling strategy. It needs to be noted that any new approach requires the current control specifications to be modified. This enables also a better understanding of the system. However, other goals can be exploited through the use of an advanced control and the new control specifications such as a reduction of thermal shock, reduction of thermal fatigue, minimization of system overcooling (directly impacts fuel consumption but also the noise levels). Finally, the controller has been tested on a Simulation Platform using a Matlab/Simulink (Controller) and compared to the existing system control using a reference driving cycle.

Optimal control of a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine by direct method optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Luján ◽  
Carlos Guardiola ◽  
Benjamín Pla ◽  
Alberto Reig
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy

This work studies the effect and performance of an optimal control strategy on engine fuel efficiency and pollutant emissions. An accurate mean value control-oriented engine model has been developed and experimental validation on a wide range of operating conditions was carried out. A direct optimization method based on Euler’s collocation scheme is used in combination with the above model in order to address the optimal control of the engine. This optimization method provides the optimal trajectories of engine controls (fueling rate, exhaust gas recirculation valve position, variable turbine geometry position and start of injection) to reproduce a predefined route (speed trajectory including variable road grade), minimizing fuel consumption with limited [Formula: see text] emissions and a low soot stamp. This optimization procedure is performed for a set of different [Formula: see text] emission limits in order to analyze the trade-off between optimal fuel consumption and minimum emissions. Optimal control strategies are validated in an engine test bench and compared against engine factory calibration. Experimental results show that significant improvements in both fuel efficiency and emissions reduction can be achieved with optimal control strategy. Fuel savings at about 4% and less than half of the factory [Formula: see text] emissions were measured in the actual engine, while soot generation was still low. Experimental results and optimal control trajectories are thoroughly analyzed, identifying the different strategies that allowed those performance improvements.

scholarly journals A Unified Control Strategy of Distributed Generation for Grid-Connected and Islanded Operation Conditions Using an Artificial Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6388
Author(s):  
Karim M. El-Sharawy ◽  
Hatem Y. Diab ◽  
Mahmoud O. Abdelsalam ◽  
Mostafa I. Marei
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Control System ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pi Controllers ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Stability

This article presents a control strategy that enables both islanded and grid-tied operations of a three-phase inverter in distributed generation. This distributed generation (DG) is based on a dramatically evolved direct current (DC) source. A unified control strategy is introduced to operate the interface in either the isolated or grid-connected modes. The proposed control system is based on the instantaneous tracking of the active power flow in order to achieve current control in the grid-connected mode and retain the stability of the frequency using phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits at the point of common coupling (PCC), in addition to managing the reactive power supplied to the grid. On the other side, the proposed control system is also based on the instantaneous tracking of the voltage to achieve the voltage control in the standalone mode and retain the stability of the frequency by using another circuit including a special equation (wt = 2πft, f = 50 Hz). This utilization provides the ability to obtain voltage stability across the critical load. One benefit of the proposed control strategy is that the design of the controller remains unconverted for other operating conditions. The simulation results are added to evaluate the performance of the proposed control technology using a different method; the first method used basic proportional integration (PI) controllers, and the second method used adaptive proportional integration (PI) controllers, i.e., an Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

Potential of the Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Strategy on a Heavy Duty CNG Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Baratta ◽  
Roberto Finesso ◽  
Daniela Misul ◽  
Ezio Spessa ◽  
Yifei Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Variable Valve Actuation ◽  
Cng Engine ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
Working Point ◽  
Valve Actuation

The environmental concerns officially aroused in 1970s made the control of the engine emissions a major issue for the automotive industry. The corresponding reduction in fuel consumption has become a challenge so as to meet the current and future emission legislations. Given the increasing interest retained by the optimal use of a Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) technology, the present paper investigates into the potentials of combining the VVA solution to CNG fuelling. Experiments and simulations were carried out on a heavy duty 6-cylinders CNG engine equipped with a turbocharger displaying a twin-entry waste-gate-controlled turbine. The analysis aimed at exploring the potentials of the Early Intake Valve Closure (EIVC) mode and to identify advanced solutions for the combustion management as well as for the turbo-matching. The engine model was developed within the GT-Power environment and was finely tuned to reproduce the experimental readings under steady state operations. The 0D-1D model was hence run to reproduce the engine operating conditions at different speeds and loads and to highlight the effect of the VVA on the engine performance as well as on the fuel consumption and engine emissions. Pumping losses proved to reduce to a great extent, thus decreasing the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with respect to the throttled engine. The exhaust temperature at the turbine inlet was kept to an almost constant value and minor variations were allowed. This was meant to avoid an excessive worsening in the TWC working conditions, as well as deterioration in the turbocharger performance during load transients. The numerical results also proved that full load torque increases can be achieved by reducing the spark advance so that a higher enthalpy is delivered to the turbocharger. Similar torque levels were also obtained by means of Early Intake Valve Closing strategy. For the latter case, negligible penalties in the fuel consumption were detected. Moreover, for a given combustion phasing, the IVC angle directly controls the mass-flow rate and thus the torque. On the other hand, a slight dependence on the combustion phasing can be detected at part load. Finally, the simulations assessed for almost constant fuel consumption for a wide range of IVC and SA values. Specific attention was also paid to the turbocharger group functioning and to its correct matching to the engine working point. The simulations showed that the working point on the compressor map can be optimized by properly setting the spark advance (SA) as referred to the adopted intake-valve closing angle. It is anyhow worth observing that the engine high loads set a constraint deriving from the need to meet the limits on the peak firing pressure (PFP), thus limiting the possibility to optimize the working point once the turbo-matching is defined.

scholarly journals Real Time Energy Management and Control of Renewable Energy based Microgrid in Grid Connected and Island Modes

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Worku ◽  
Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Abido
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Real Time Digital Simulator ◽  
System Frequency

An efficient power management control for microgrids with energy storage is presented in this paper. The proposed control scheme increases the reliability and resiliency of the microgrid based on three distributed energy resources (DERs), namely Photovoltaic (PV), battery, and diesel generator with local active loads. Coordination among the DERs with energy storage is essential for microgrid management. The system model and the control strategy were developed in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Decoupled d-q current control strategy is proposed and implemented for voltage source converters (VSCs) used to interface the PV and battery sources to the AC grid. A dc-dc buck converter with a maximum power point tracking function is implemented to maximize the intermittent energy generation from the PV array. A controller is proposed and employed for both grid connected and island modes of operation. In grid connected mode, the system frequency and voltage are regulated by the grid. During a fault in island mode, the diesel generator controls the system frequency and voltage in isochronous mode. Results based on the real time digital simulator are provided to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

scholarly journals Effect of Dynamic Stress on Heavy Duty Centrifugal Pump Assembly through Fluid Structure Interaction.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1655-1659
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Fluid Structure Interactions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Pump Assembly

The objective of the project is to reduce the vibration and fatigue in rotor of the centrifugal pump based on fluid structure interactions, when it rotates by the momentum of water current at different flow rate and to arrive at optimum operating conditions and perform structural analysis to determine deflection and frequency by using ANSYS 16.2.dynamic stresses are predicted at various nodal position, this would lead to suggest the method to reduce the frequency due to vibration.Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study using Ansys 16.2 has been carried out to accomplish the objective of the work.

Improving Fuel Economy Estimates on a Chassis Dynamometer Using Air Conditioner Correction Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Alejandro M. Reyes ◽  
Edwin N. Quiros
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Additional Fuel Consumption ◽  
Additional Fuel

Abstract Carmakers, regulatory agencies, and consumers share an interest in accurately determining a vehicle’s fuel efficiency under operating conditions that match the expected use. Previous studies have shown that a vehicle’s air conditioning (A/C) system is the most energy-intensive non-propulsive system and significantly reduces fuel economy. This study aims to design and validate a new method of improving fuel economy estimates obtained on non-climate-controlled chassis dynamometers, as such laboratories are limited to measuring fuel economy with the A/C system deactivated. The methodology proposed herein uses a chassis dynamometer to measure the fuel economy penalty caused by the A/C system at different steady-state conditions. The hypothesis is that these penalties can be imposed accordingly for a given drive cycle to obtain an additional fuel consumption due to A/C. To validate the proposed methodology, a vehicle was outfitted with a data acquisition system and was driven 50 times around a predefined route using varying A/C settings. The proposed method was then used to estimate the additional fuel consumption due to A/C usage for each of the runs. Comparing the calculated and actual fuel economies showed an average error of 1.924%. It was concluded that the proposed methodology is a viable alternative to existing procedures.

Power Management Control Optimization of a Hybrid Electric-Diesel Locomotive

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Timothy Cleary ◽  
Brent Ballew
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Power Split

The interest of this work is to develop a control strategy to most effectively manage the power split between the energy storage system (ESS) and the diesel generator of a hybrid locomotive. The overall goal is to minimize fuel consumption of the diesel engine, while maximizing battery life of the onboard ESS. This problem proves to be complex due to the conflicting cost functions of fuel economy and battery state-of-health (SOH)[1]. In other words, during a typical drive cycle, fuel consumption is minimized by placing high loads upon the battery while minimizing negative effects on SOH requires more specific loading characteristics of the ESS for the same drive cycle. This work highlights the development of several power split control strategies for effective power management of a hybrid locomotive. The progression from a strict rule-based (RB) control strategy to an equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is realized through simulation. Likewise, the advantage of Model Predictive Control (FLC) is also shown in simulation.

A Mathematical Model and Performance Evaluation for a Single-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (PV) System

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajna Paramita Dash ◽  
Amirnaser Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes a control strategy for important transients of a single-stage, three-phase, PV system that is connected to a distribution network. The proposed control strategy adopts an inner current-control loop and an outer DC-link voltage control loop. The current-control mechanism renders the PV system protected against external faults, enables control of the DC-link voltage and, therefore, controls/maximizes the PV system power output. The paper also proposes a feed-forward compensation strategy for the DC-link voltage control loop to mitigate the impact of the nonlinear characteristic of the PV array on the closed-loop stability, and to permit design and optimization of the DC-link voltage controller for a wide range of operating conditions. A mathematical model and a control design methodology are presented for the PV system, and it is shown that under the proposed control, the PV system fulfills the operational requirements of a grid-connected PV system. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and the most important transients of the PV system are evaluated through simulation studies conducted on a detailed switched model of the PV system in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.

An Efficient Procedure for the Analysis of Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Secondary Flows in Different Operating Conditions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cerutti ◽  
Luca Bozzi ◽  
Federico Bonzani ◽  
Carlo Carcasci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Air System ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Flow Functions

Combined cycle and partial load operating of modern heavy-duty gas turbines require highly efficient secondary air systems to supply both cooling and sealing air. Accurate performance predictions are then a fundamental demand over a wide range of operability. The paper describes the development of an efficient procedure for the investigation of gas turbine secondary flows, based on an in-house made fluid network solver, written in Matlab® environment. Fast network generation and debugging are achieved thanks to Simulink® graphical interface and modular structure, allowing predictions of the whole secondary air system. A crucial aspect of such an analysis is the calculation of blade and vane cooling flows, taking into account the interaction between inner and outer extraction lines. The problem is closed thanks to ad-hoc calculated transfer functions: cooling system performances and flow functions are solved in a pre-processing phase and results correlated to influencing parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Design of Experiments (DOE) techniques. The procedure has been proved on the secondary air system of the AE94.3A2 Ansaldo Energia gas turbine. Flow functions for the cooling system of the first stage blade, calculated by RSM and DOE techniques, are presented. Flow functions based calculation of film cooling, tip cooling and trailing edge cooling air flows is described in details.

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