Impact of Welding Parameters on Weld Seam Properties of Seamless X80 Linepipe Steel Grade

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claas Bruns ◽  
Jörg Wiebe ◽  
Dorothee Niklasch ◽  
Denise Mahn ◽  
Tanja Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Weld Seam ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Linepipe Steel

The challenging exploration conditions appearing in ultra deep offshore projects promoted the development of high strength linepipe steel grades with yield strength of 80 ksi and higher in recent years. With increasing strength more attention has to be paid to welding procedures to realise the required mechanical properties of the weld seam. The combination of demanding toughness requirements at low temperatures and adequate corrosion resistance of welded joints is a key for complex deep offshore riser and linepipe applications. The welding process was optimised by Vallourec with respect to heat input and preheating temperature for joining seamless quenched and tempered pipes in grade X80. A root welding strategy has been developed particularly with regards to sour service applications. Extensive mechanical test results including Charpy impact testing, hardness, CTOD and SSC testing will be presented. In addition Gleeble trials were carried out using different thermal cycles to simulate multilayer welding. The aim was to improve the understanding of the base material behaviour in the heat affected zone (HAZ) during welding. The microstructure was characterized by LOM, SEM and furthermore hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed. Based on the gathered knowledge and test results welding recommendations and welding strategies for high strength steel X80 seamless line pipes are deduced.

Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys 2219 to 5083

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
M. Koilraj ◽  
A. Sathesh Kumar ◽  
D.L. Belgin Paul ◽  
S.R. Koteswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Nugget ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Shoulder Diameter ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

In this paper, 6 mm thickness dissimilar aluminium alloys of 5083 (H321) and 2219 (O) butt joints were fabricated successfully by friction stir welding process. The quality joints were obtained for the welding parameters of 35 mm/min and 650 rpm with the shoulder diameter to pin diameter ratio as 3. Macrostructure study shows that the interface between the weld nugget and TMAZ is smooth and clear with a flow arm extending towards the top surface of the weld in the 2219 side. The boundary on the 5083 side between the weld nugget and the TMAZ was irregular. The obtained joint efficiency is around 92.57% based on the UTS of the softer material (AA2219). The tensile test results showed that the specimens failed in the heat affected zone of the softer base material 2219. The hardness values in the stirred zone are higher than the softer base material of alloy 2219. The friction stir welded dissimilar joint 2219-5083 exhibited better general corrosion characteristics than the 2219-2219 weld and 2219 base material.

The Low-Cycle Fatigue Strength of Laser-Welded Ultra-High-Strength Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Keskitalo ◽  
Kari Mäntyjärvi ◽  
Toni Kiuru
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Design Strength

The UUltra -high -strength (UHS) steels are used in booms, transport vechicles and other light weight structures. It is well -known that it is possible to achieve a strong weld statically, as the base material, by using laser welding as a weld method [1]. The design strength of the light weight structure is often rather high. In the case of booms and transport vechilevehicles, there can be very high dynamic forces in the structure. Therefore it is necessary to study how much fatigue stress the weld seam can resist and at the same time find the optimal welding parameters. The 4 mm bainitic-martensitic UHS steel was welded with laser without filler material to lasercut seam edges by using different weld parameters. Argon gas was blown by pipe onr coaxial nozzle near the key hole and through a 60 mm gas nozzle after the keyhole. Also, the root side of the weld was shielded with argon. The welds were tested by using the bending fatigue test. The test stresses were 800 MPa and 700 MPa. The fatigue strength results showed that with the laser welded seams, the number of cycles wereas about three times lower than with the base material. The fatigue strength was slightly better in welds which were welded with lower energy input. In the case of the weld seam which was welded with lowest energy input by using 300 mm optics, there was some incomplete penetration due to tooexcessively high surface roughness ofat the weld seam edges.

Development of Welding Procedures for X90-Grade Seamless Pipes for Riser Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nagayama ◽  
Masahiko Hamada ◽  
Mark F. Mruczek ◽  
Mark Vickers ◽  
Nobuyuki Hisamune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Procedure ◽  
Submerged Arc

Ultra-high strength seamless pipes of X90 and X100 grades have been developed for deepwater or ultra-deepwater applications. Girth welding procedure specifications (WPSs) should be developed for the ultra-high strength pipes. However, there is little information for double jointing welding procedure by using submerged arc welding process for high strength line pipes. This paper describes mechanical test results of submerged arc welding (SAW) and gas shielded flux cored arc welding (GSFCAW) trials with various welding consumables procured from commercial markets. Welds were then made with typical welding parameters for riser productions using high strength X90 seamless pipes. The submerged arc weld metal strength could increase by increasing alloy elements in weld metal. The weld metal with CE (IIW) value of 0.74 mass% achieved fully overmatching for the X90 pipe. The weld metal yield strength (0.2% offset) was 694 MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength was 833 MPa. It was also confirmed that the reduction of boron in weld metal can improve low temperature toughness of high strength weld metal. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the HAZ has excellent mechanical properties and toughness for riser applications. In this study GSFCAW procedures were also developed. GSFCAW can be used for joining pipe and connector material for riser production welding. The weld metal with a CE (IIW) value of 0.54 mass% could meet the required strength level for X90-grade pipe as specified in ISO 3183. Cross weld tensile testing showed that fractures were achieved in the base metal. Good Charpy impact properties in weld metal and HAZ were also confirmed.

Study on Quality Control of the Laser Welding Joint

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Lan Ying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Welding Joint ◽  
Corrosion Rates

During laser welding process of high-strength galvanized steel, adopting guiding arc plate and the connecting arc plate can avoid harmful effect resulted in unstable melting width. The galvanized layer protecting joint is inevitably lost by having been burned, which affects stain resistance of welding joint. So salt water with the concentration of 3% is used in the corrosion test for the samples welded under different laser parameters, mass variation and metallographic microscopes are gained after joint being corroded. The test results indicate that the corrosion rates of the joint are different under different welding parameters during laser welding of high-strength galvanized steel; their average corrosion rates are coincident with that of base metal and laser welding technology hardly effect corrosion resistance of the joint.

Feasibility study of welding dissimilar Advanced and Ultra High Strength Steels

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Francois Njock Bayock ◽  
Paul Kah ◽  
Antti Salminen ◽  
Mvola Belinga ◽  
Xiaochen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Input ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Welding Parameter ◽  
Welding Parameters

AbstractThis study concerns the weldability of dissimilar Ultra high-strength steel (UHSS) and advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), which is used in the modern machine industry. The materials offered superior strength as well as relatively low weight, which reduces microstructure contamination during a live cycle. The choice of the welding process base of the base material (BM) and welding parameters is essential to improve the weld joint quality. S700MC/S960QC was welded using a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process and overmatched filler wire, which was performed using three heat input (7, 10, and 15 kJ/cm). The weld samples were characterized by a Vickers-hardness test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The test reveals a decrease of softening areas in the HAZ and the formation of the stable formation of Bainite-Ferrite for S700MC and Bainite-martensite for S960QC when the heat input of 10 kJ/cm is used. It is recommended to use the GMAW process and Laser welding (Laser beam-MIG), with an optimal welding parameter, which will be achieved a high quality of manufacturing products.

Experimental Investigations on Aluminium Ultrasonic Welding Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Lăcrămioara Apetrei ◽  
Vasile Rață ◽  
Ruxandra Rață ◽  
Elena Raluca Bulai
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Welding Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Made In

Research evolution timely tendencies, in the nonconventional technologies field, are: manufacture conditions optimization and complex equipments design. The increasing of ultrasonic machining use, in various technologies is due to the expanding need of a wide range materials and high quality manufacture standards in many activity fields. This paper present a experimental study made in order to analyze the welded zone material structure and welding quality. The effects of aluminium ultrasonic welding parameters such as relative energy, machining time, amplitude and working force were compared through traction tests values and microstructural analysis. Microhardness tests were, also, made in five different points, two in the base material and three in the welded zone, on each welded aluminium sample. The aluminum welding experiments were made at the National Research and Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing (ISIM) Timişoara. The ultrasonic welding temperature is lower than the aluminium melting temperature, that's so our experiments reveal that the aluminium ultrasonic welding process doesn't determine the appearance of moulding structure. In the joint we have only crystalline grains deformation, phase transformation and aluminium diffusion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Shielded Metal Arc Dissimilar Weldments of High Strength Low Alloy Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbahu A Hayatu ◽  
Emmanuel T Dauda ◽  
Ola Aponbiede ◽  
Kamilu A Bello ◽  
Umma Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Dissimilar Weld ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
The Impact

There is a growing interest for novel materials of dissimilar metals due to higher requirements needed for some critical engineering applications. In this research, different dissimilar weld joints of high strength low alloy (HSLA) and 316 austenitic stainless steel grades were successfully produced using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process with 316L-16 and E7018 electrodes. Five variations of welding currents were employed within the specified range of each electrode. Other welding parameters such as heat inputs, welding speeds, weld sizes, arc voltages and time of welding were also varied. Specimens for different weld joint samples were subjected to microstructural studies using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The impact toughness test was also conducted on the samples using Izod impact testing machine. The analysis of the weld microstructures indicated the presence of type A and AF solidification patterns of austenitic stainless steels. The results further showed that the weld joints consolidated with E7018 electrode presented comparatively superior impact energy to the weldments fabricated by 316L-16 electrode. The optimum impact energy of E7018-weld joints (51J) was attained at higher welding heat inputs while that of 316L-16-weld joints (35J) was achieved at lower welding heat inputs, which are necessary requirements for the two electrodes used in the experiment. Hence, the dissimilar weld joints investigated could meet requirement for engineering application in offshore and other critical environments.Keywords—Dissimilar metal weld, heat input, impact toughness, microstructures

Comparison between Modelled Influence of GMAW Parameters and Corresponding Mechanical Properties of Group 1 and 2 According to ISO/TR 15608 Steel T Joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Aurel Valentin Bîrdeanu ◽  
Alin Constantin Murariu ◽  
Horia Florin Daşcău ◽  
Iuliana Duma
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
T Joints

Reproducibility in respect to welded structures realization is one of the main requirements for a wide variety of industrial applications. One of the international tendencies regarding the use of the steel is the replacing, in critical areas, of structural steels with high performance steel, e.g. with HSLA steels. The paper presents the results of a factorial designed experimental program focused on determining mathematical correlations between the GMAW process parameters for T joints of 4mm thick steel plates of structural (S235JR+AR according to SR EN 10025-2) and hot-rolled, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel plates (S420MC according to EN 10025-4), respectively. A comparison between the obtained mathematical correlations that connect the welding parameters and the main mechanical characteristics is presented. The correlations can be used for applying the optimal combination of welding process parameters for realizing the T-joints of welded products.

scholarly journals A Study on Rotary Friction Welding of Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Thi My Nu ◽  
Truyen The Le ◽  
Luu Phuong Minh ◽  
Nguyen Huu Loc
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermomechanical Model ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding

The selection of high-strength titanium alloys has an important role in increasing the performance of aerospace structures. Fabricated structures have a specific role in reducing the cost of these structures. However, conventional fusion welding of high-strength titanium alloys is generally conducive to poor mechanical properties. Friction welding is a potential method for intensifying the mechanical properties of suitable geometry components. In this paper, the rotary friction welding (RFW) method is used to study the feasibility of producing similar metal joints of high-strength titanium alloys. To predict the upset and temperature and identify the safe and suitable range of parameters, a thermomechanical model was developed. The upset predicted by the finite element simulations was compared with the upset obtained by the experimental results. The numerical results are consistent with the experimental results. Particularly, high upset rates due to generated power density and forging pressure overload that occurred during the welding process were investigated. The performances of the welded joints are evaluated by conducting microstructure studies and Vickers hardness at the joints. The titanium rotary friction welds achieve a higher tensile strength than the base material.

Recommendations for Submerged Arc Spiral Welding With Optimized CTOD Properties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Liebeherr ◽  
Özlem E. Güngör ◽  
Nuria Sanchez ◽  
Hervé Luccioni ◽  
Nenad Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Filler Wire ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Submerged Arc

Many pipe mills may not be familiar with a Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) requirement on the pipe seam weld, nor will they find easily relevant information in open literature. Influencing — and certainly not independent — factors are: welding parameters, base material and consumable selection. Out of these, the welding parameters such as heat input and cooling rate cannot be varied over a wide range during the pipe production, which means that the leverage is rather limited at the given welding process. The properties of the heat affected zone will be mainly affected by the base material, while the properties of the weld metal will be affected by both, base material and filler wire selection. In particular with respect to the weld metal properties it will be difficult to obtain general quantitative information. For example, a welding consumable supplier will readily provide the properties of the filler wires but would be unable to predict the changes caused by the dilution from any base material in the weld pool and specific welding procedures that may have been used. To support the pipe mills in the selection of the consumables for submerged arc welding, an experimental program was launched with the aim to provide recommendations on how to optimize CTOD toughness of the spiral weld seam. For this, a large number of welds were produced on 20 mm thick X70 coil samples, with eight different filler wire combinations, using a 2-wire (tandem) set-up for both the inside and outside weld. Welding parameters were kept constant. The welding program was applied to two different X70 steels to determine a potential influence of the micro-alloying elements, particularly Nb. The results show clearly that a careful consumable selection is required for obtaining acceptable CTOD toughness in the weld metal. Ni-Mo and Ti-B additions to the weld metal are found to be beneficial with both steel concepts. Mo addition alone both to the ID and OD welds was clearly not a suitable selection.

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