Investigation Four-Phase Multi-Component Flow Techniques in Horizontal and Sub-Sea Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Odan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Behavior Models ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Flow Techniques

Abstract Offshore drilling projects can be as complex as they are costly, and many problems can arise during the drilling and extraction of sub-sea pipelines petroleum, including environmental issues. The oil and gas industry relies on multi-phase, multi-component flow techniques to transport substances such as gas, oil and water through horizontal and sub-sea pipelines. Artic and offshore drill sites can be particularly challenging due to hydrate formation in the transport horizontal and sub-sea pipelines. This study investigates the feasibility of using a four-phase, four-fluid flow Multi-Component through horizontal pipelines to move a four-phase multi-component flow (oil, gas, water, and sand particles) through submerged pipelines. In order to accurately gauge the multi-component mixtures’ hydro- and thermo-dynamic properties, fluid equilibrium and phase-behavior models are constructed. As well, to examine various interrelated factors such as momentum, mass and heat transfer occurring between pipelines walls and flow, a series of equations are developed. In the present study, the effect of temperature and pressure on multi-phase flows in horizontal and sub-sea pipelines is investigated. As well, models of flow patterns and pressure drops are created specifically for horizontal and sub-sea pipeline environments. Note that the terms “Four-Phase and Multi-Component flow” are used interchangeably in this study. And Create pressure drops and flow behavior models of multi-phase flows for horizontal and sub-sea pipelines. Furthermore, multi-phase flows may occur in any one of the following combinations: liquid-gas, liquid-gas-solid, liquid-liquid-gas-solid, An example of a, liquid-liquid-gas-solid flow is four immiscible fluids and component (e.g., water, oil, gas, and solid), immiscible liquids being those which do not form a homogeneous mixture when added together. In terms of practical applications of multi-phase and multi-component flows, water injected into an oil pipelines helps to decreases both the pressure gradient and flow resistance.

LESSONS LEARNED FROM CROSS-VALIDATION OF FIBER OPTICS AND PRODUCTION LOGGING CLUSTER PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN THE UNCONVENTIONAL WELLS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yegor Se ◽  
◽  
Michael Sullivan ◽  
Vahid Tohidi ◽  
Michael Lazorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Cluster Performance ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase

The well design with long lateral section and multistage frac completion has been proven effective for development of the unconventional reservoirs. Top-tier well production in unconventional reservoir can be achieved by optimizing hydraulic completion and stimulation design, which necessitates an understanding of flow behavior and hydrocarbon contribution allocation.  Historically, conventional production logging (PL) surveys were scarcely used in unconventional reservoirs due to limited and often expensive conveyance options, as well as complicated and non-unique inflow interpretations caused by intricate and changing multi-phase flow behavior (Prakash et al., 2008). The assessment of the cluster performance gradually shifted towards distributed acoustic (DAS) and temperature (DTS) sensing methods using fiber optics cable, which continuously gained popularity in the industry. Fiber optics measurements were anticipated to generate production profiles along the lateral with sub-cluster resolution to assist with optimal completions design selection. Encapsulation of the fiber in the carbon rod provided alternative conveyance method for retrievable DFO measurements, which gained popularity due to cost-efficiency and operational convenience (Gardner et al., 2015). Recent utilization of micro-sensor technology in PL tools, (Abbassi et al, 2018, Donovan et al, 2019) allowed dramatic reduction of the size and the weight of the PL toolstring without compromising wellbore coverage by sensor array. Such ultra-compact PL toolstring could utilize the carbon rod as a taxi and provide mutually beneficial and innovative surveillance combination to evaluate production profile in the unconventional reservoirs. Array holdup and velocity measurements across wellbore from PL would reveal more details regarding multi-phase flow behavior, which could be used for cross-validation and constraining of production inflow interpretation based on DFO measurements. This paper summarizes the lessons learned, key observations and best practices from the unique 4 well program, where such innovative combination was tested in gas rich Duvernay shale reservoir.

scholarly journals Flow Simulation Using Local Grid Refinements to Model Laminated Reservoirs

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gomes Correia ◽  
Célio Maschio ◽  
Denis José Schiozer
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Coarse Grid ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
Medium Flow ◽  
Local Grid

Super-giant carbonate fields, such as Ghawar, in Saudi Arabia, and Lula, at the Brazilian pre-salt, show highly heterogeneous behavior that is linked to high permeability intervals in thin layers. This article applies Local Grid Refinements (LGR) integrated with upscaling procedures to improve the representation of highly laminated reservoirs in flow simulation by preserving the static properties and dynamic trends from geological model. This work was developed in five main steps: (1) define a conventional coarse grid, (2) define LGR in the conventional coarse grid according to super-k and well locations, (3) apply an upscaling procedure for all scenarios, (4) define LGR directly in the simulation model, without integrate geological trends in LGR and (5) compare the dynamic response for all cases. To check results and compare upscaling matches, was used the benchmark model UNISIM-II-R, a refined model based on a combination of Brazilian Pre-salt and Ghawar field information. The main results show that the upscaling of geological models for coarse grid with LGR in highly permeable thin layers provides a close dynamic representation of geological characterization compared to conventional coarse grid and LGR only near-wells. Pseudo-relative permeability curves should be considered for (a) conventional coarse grid or (b) LGR scenarios under dual-medium flow simulations as the upscaling of discrete fracture networks and dual-medium flow models presents several limitations. The conventional approach of LGR directly in simulation model, presents worse results than LGR integrated with upscaling procedures as the extrapolation of dynamic properties to the coarse block mismatch the dynamic behavior from geological characterization. This work suggests further improvements for results for upscaling procedures that mask the flow behavior in highly laminated reservoirs.

Quantifying Economic Uncertainties and Risks in the Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-184
Author(s):  
Sorin Alexandru Gheorghiu ◽  
Cătălin Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Oil Field Development ◽  
Oil Gas

The present economic model is intended to provide an example of how to take into consideration risks and uncertainties in the case of a field that is developed with water injection. The risks and uncertainties are related, on one hand to field operations (drilling time, delays due to drilling problems, rig failures and materials supply, electric submersible pump [ESP] installations failures with the consequences of losing the well), and on the other hand, the second set of uncertainties are related to costs (operational expenditures-OPEX and capital expenditures-CAPEX, daily drilling rig costs), prices (oil, gas, separation, and water injection preparation), production profiles, and discount factor. All the calculations are probabilistic. The authors are intending to provide a comprehensive solution for assessing the business performance of an oil field development.

The Impact of News on the MICEX Oil & Gas Index: Textual Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Elena Fedorova ◽  
Oleg Rogov ◽  
Valery Klyuchnikov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Negative News ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oil Gas

In this study, a relationship between the mood of news and the response of the oil and gas industry index of the Russian Federation was revealed. The empirical base of the study included 8.5 million news from foreign sources. Research methodology: fuzzy sets, naive Bayesian classifier, Pearson correlation coefficient. As a result of the research, it was discovered that: 1) negative news affects the stronger than the positive on the stock index; 2) news on companies affect the value of the index, and news on the industry affect the volume of trading; 3) the sanctions did not significantly affect the coverage of Russian oil and gas companies.

Flow Behaviors of Commercial Food Thickeners Used for the Management of Dysphagia: Effect of Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Ra Hong ◽  
Dong-Soo Sun ◽  
Whachun Yoo ◽  
Byoungseung Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature

Gum-based food thickeners are widely used to care for patients with dysphagia in Korea. In this study, the flow properties of commercially available gum-based food thickeners marketed in Korea were determined as a function of temperature. The flow properties of thickeners were determined based on the rheological parameters of the power law and Casson models. Changes in shear stress with the rate of shear (1-100 s-1) at different temperatures (5, 20, 35, and 50 oC) were independent of the type of thickener. All thickeners had high shear-thinning behavior (n=0.08-0.18) with yield stress at the different temperatures tested. In general, apparent viscosity (na,50) values progressively decreased with an increase in temperature. In addition, the consistency index (K) and Casson yield stress (σoc) values did not change much upon an increase in temperature from 5 to 35 oC, except for sample B. In the temperature range of 5-50 oC, the thickeners followed an Arrhenius temperature relationship with a high determination coefficient (R2=0.93-0.97): activation energies (Ea) for the flow of thickeners were in the range of 2.44 - 10.7 kJ/mol. Rheological parameters demonstrated considerable differences in flow behavior between the different gum-based food thickeners, indicating that their flow properties are related to the type of thickener and the flow properties of gum.

Four-Phase Flow of Oil, Gas, Water, and Sand Mixtures in Subsea Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Odan ◽  
Faraj Ben Rajeb ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Amer Aborig ◽  
Syed Imtiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Induced Vibration ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Variables ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oil Gas

Abstract This paper investigates issues around four-phase (Oil/CO2/water/sand) flows occurring within subsea pipelines. Multi-phase flows are the norm, as production fluid from reservoirs typically include sand with water. However, these multi-phase flow mixtures, whether three- or four-phase, are at risk of forming slug flows. The inclusion of sand in this mixture is concerning, as it not only leads to increased levels of pipeline erosion but it also has the potential, to accumulate sand at the bottom of the pipe, blocking the pipe or at the very least hindering the flow. This latter impact can prove problematic, as a minimum fluid velocity must be maintained to ensure the safe and regulated flow of particles along a pipeline. The presence of low amounts of sand particles in oil/gas/water flow mixtures can serve to reduce the pressure exerted on bends. The sand volume fraction must in this case, be relatively low such that the particles’ resistance causes only a moderate loss in pressure. Therefore, the study aims to gauge the impact of oil/gas/water/sand mixtures on various pipeline structures as well as to further investigate the phenomenon of flow-induced vibration to determine the optimal flow variables which can be applied predicting the structural responses of subsea pipelines.

Cavitation in Hydraulic Machines: Measurement, Numerical Simulation and Damage Patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Benigni
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Vapor Bubbles ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Histogram Method ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Physical Limit ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Multi Phase

Abstract Cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs in liquid media when the pressure drops below the vapor pressure. Cavitation is accompanied by damage when the imploding vapor bubbles implode in the vicinity of components. Cavitation is known in all hydraulic machines, be it a pump or a turbine, and it can occur within all components that are flowed through and have a low-pressure side or area. In the last 100 years, a lot has been done to understand the damage caused by cavitation, and cavitation has been classified within the entire range of component-damaging mechanisms. Nevertheless, users are now interested in the behavior of different machine types and different specific speeds and need information for a particular installation situation, while hydraulic developers are interested in a methodology for the rapid assessment of CFD results. This paper presents examples of damage to all kinds of hydraulic machines as well as numerical simulations of cavitation. Cross-comparisons between single-phase numerical calculations are realized with the histogram method, and multi-phase calculations are carried out and then compared with test rig investigations. Often, it is not possible or economically feasible to completely avoid cavitation. With the help of dimensionless values and the assumption of complete cavitation, a generally valid physical limit curve can be specified for turbines.

CFD Simulation of Wall-Bounded Laminar Flow Through Screens: Part II — Mixing Characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Abou Hweij ◽  
F. Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Particle Method ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Static Mixers ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Dispersive Mixing ◽  
Lagrangian Particle Method

Abstract This paper characterizes the mixing behavior of laminar flows within a circular pipe equipped with plain woven meshes or screens, acting as static mixers. In this quest, their performance was numerically investigated using the Lagrangian particle method in a commercial CFD solver, whereby the effect of changing the screen geometry, number of screens, inter-screen spacing, and operating conditions were considered. Mixing was addressed from a distributive and dispersive perspectives using both qualitative and quantitative descriptions. The distributive mixing indicated that a central injection of a single fluid should be coupled with a short inter-screen spacing to better spread the particles and enhance mixing as opposed to a larger inter-screen spacing. On the contrary, the mixing of two immiscible fluids of similar properties reveal that a large inter-screen spacing is recommended. From a dispersive mixing perspective, extensional efficiency contours revealed that the fluid would undergo all three modes of flow behavior, each of which dominating a certain region depending on the location with respect to the screen. Finally, it was interesting to find that a coarser screen geometry consistently outperformed finer screens in spreading and mixing the particles.

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