Designing Boiling Condenser for More Efficiency in Power Plants and Less Environment Defects

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sharifpur
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Input Energy

One of the most important problems in the power plants is to increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Most of the works in this area is focused on regeneration devices, removing the heat losses of components…But usually, about half of the input energy in the thermal cycle wastes in the condensers. In this day and age with greenhouse effect and global warming problem, the less environment defect is also another important subject. In this work, a new condenser is offered that is the same as a core of BWR nuclear reactors, then during the working fluid is condensing in a cycle it is a boiling generator (boiling heat exchange) for another cycle. In this way not only could change some parts of unused energy to work, but also it has more capability with environment. It is possible to design this process several times with different cycles and different working fluids to low heat wastes from condensers. Here, it is offered this idea by using the data of Catalagzi power plant in Turkey. The results confirm that the thermal efficiency increases at least %7.5. It can use this method for most of the power plants or somewhere that needed to remove some heat from a device, same as radiators of the automobiles.

Evaluation of the Effect of Firing Temperature, Cycle, Engine Configuration, Components, and Bottoming Cycle on the Overall Thermal Efficiency of an Indirectly Coal-Fired Gas Turbine Based Power Plant

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Plant Power

Potential LHV performance of an indirect coal-fired gas turbine-based combined cycle plant is explored and compared to the typical LHV 35–38 % thermal efficiencies achievable with current coal-fired Rankine Cycle power plants. Plant performance with a baseline synchronous speed, single spool 25:1 pressure ratio gas turbine with a Rankine bottoming cycle was developed. A coal-fired High Temperature Advanced Furnace (HITAF) supplying 2000° F. (1093° C.) hot pressurized air for the gas turbine was modeled for the heat source. The HITAF concept along with coal gas for supplemental heating, are two important parts of the clean coal technology program for power plants. [1,2] From this baseline power plant arrangement, different gas turbine engine configurations with two pressure ratios are evaluated. These variations include a dual spool concentric shaft gas turbine, dual spool non-concentric shaft arrangement, intercooler, liquid metal loop re-heater, free power turbine (FPT) and post HITAF duct burner (DB). A dual pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) with varying steam pressures to fit conditions is used for each engine. A novel steam generating method employing flash tank technology is applied when a water-cooled intercooler is incorporated. A halogenated hydrocarbon working fluid is also evaluated for lower temperature sub-bottoming Rankine cycle equipment. Current technology industrial gas turbine component performance levels are applied to these various engines to produce a range of LHV gross gas turbine thermal efficiency estimates. These estimates range from the lower thirties to over forty percent. Overall LHV combined cycle plant gross thermal efficiencies range from nearly forty to over fifty percent. All arrangements studied would produce significant improvements in thermal efficiency compared to current coal-fired Rankine cycle power plants. Regenerative inter-cooling, free power turbines, and dual-spool non-concentric shaft gas turbine arrangements coupled with post-HITAF duct burners produced the highest gas turbine engine and plant efficiency results. These advanced engine configurations should also produce operational benefits such as easier starting and much improved part power efficiency over the baseline engine arrangement. An inter-turbine liquid metal re-heat loop reduced engine thermal efficiency but did increase plant power output and efficiency for the example studied. Use of halogenated hydrocarbons as a working fluid would add to plant power output, but at the cost of significant additional plant equipment.

Steam-Reheat Option for SCWRs

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Romson Monichan ◽  
Elina Tchernyavskaya ◽  
Igor Pioro
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Pressure Tube ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Concepts of nuclear reactors cooled with water at supercritical pressures were studied as early as the 1950s and 1960s in the USA and Russia. After a 30-year break, the idea of developing nuclear reactors cooled with SuperCritical Water (SCW) became attractive again as the ultimate development path for water cooling. The main objectives of using SCW in nuclear reactors are: 1) to increase the thermal efficiency of modern Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) from 30 – 35% to about 45 – 48%, and 2) to decrease capital and operational costs and hence decrease electrical energy costs. SCW NPPs will have much higher operating parameters compared to modern NPPs (pressure about 25 MPa and outlet temperature up to 625°C), and a simplified flow circuit, in which steam generators, steam dryers, steam separators, etc., can be eliminated. Also, higher SCW temperatures allow direct thermo-chemical production of hydrogen at low cost, due to increased reaction rates. To achieve higher thermal efficiency a nuclear steam reheat has to be introduced inside a reactor. Currently, all supercritical turbines at thermal power plants have a steam-reheat option. In the 60’s and 70’s, Russia, USA and some other countries have developed and implemented the nuclear steam reheat at subcritical-pressure in experimental reactors. There are some papers, mainly published in the open Russian literature, devoted to this important experience. Pressure-tube or pressure-channel SCW nuclear-reactor concepts are being developed in Canada and Russia for some time. It is obvious that implementation of the nuclear steam reheat at subcritical pressures in pressure-tube reactors is easier task than that in pressure-vessel reactors. Some design features related to the nuclear steam reheat are discussed in this paper. The main conclusion is that the development of SCW pressure-tube nuclear reactors with the nuclear steam reheat is feasible and significant benefits can be expected over other thermal-energy systems.

Development of Key Technologies for the Next Generation High Temperature Gas Turbine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisaku Ito ◽  
Ikuo Okada ◽  
Keizo Tsukagoshi ◽  
Junichiro Masada
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
National Project ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
High Temperature Gas

Global warming is being “prevented” by reducing power plant CO2 emissions. We are contributing to the overall solution by improving the gas turbine thermal efficiency for gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC). Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) is a participant in a national project aimed at developing 1700°C gas turbine technology. As part of this national project, selected component technologies are investigated in detail. Some technologies which have been verified through component tests have been applied to the design of the newly developed 1600°C J-type gas turbine.

The Analysis between Two Different Methods of Power Plant Boiler Thermal Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 1578-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Li ◽  
Cheng Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Power Plant Boiler ◽  
Plant Boiler

The power plant boiler is one of the most important facilities in thermal power plants. The thermal efficiency of power plant boilers is the index. This paper discusses the relationship between the boiler thermal efficiency and the coefficient of excess air via two methods, one is called the simplified calculating formula and the other is the calculating formula according to the The People's Republic of China national standard power plant boiler performance test procedures. According to the proposed methods, by solving the same optimal problem, optimum excess air coefficients are obtained. Then a comparative analysis is given. Moreover, an improved way for saving calculation time to get the coefficients of the mixed coal in the so called simplified calculating formula is developed.

Steam-Reheat Options for Pressure-Tube SCWRs

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Wargha Peiman ◽  
Amjad Farah ◽  
Krysten King ◽  
Maria Naidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Pressure Tube ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Usa

Concepts of nuclear reactors cooled with water at supercritical pressures were studied as early as the 1950s and 1960s in the USA and Russia. After a 40-year break, the idea of developing nuclear reactors cooled with SuperCritical Water (SCW) became attractive again as the ultimate development path for water cooling. The main objectives of using SCW in nuclear reactors are: 1) to increase the thermal efficiency of modern Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) from 30–35% to about 45–48%, and 2) to decrease capital and operational costs and hence decrease electrical energy costs. SCW NPPs will have much higher operating parameters compared to modern NPPs (pressure about 25 MPa and outlet temperature up to 625°C), and a simplified flow circuit, in which steam generators, steam dryers, steam separators, etc., can be eliminated. Also, higher SCW temperatures allow direct thermo-chemical production of hydrogen at low cost, due to increased reaction rates. To achieve higher thermal efficiency Nuclear Steam Reheat (NSR) has to be introduced inside a reactor. Currently, all supercritical turbines at thermal power plants have a steam-reheat option. In the 60’s and 70’s, Russia, the USA and some other countries have developed and implemented the nuclear steam reheat at subcritical-pressure experimental boiling reactors. There are some papers, mainly published in the open Russian literature, devoted to this important experience. Pressure-tube or pressure-channel SCW nuclear reactor concepts are being developed in Canada and Russia for some time. It is obvious that implementation of the nuclear steam reheat at subcritical pressures in pressure-tube reactors is easier task than that in pressure-vessel reactors. Some design features related to the NSR are discussed in this paper. The main conclusion is that the development of SCW pressure-tube nuclear reactors with the nuclear steam reheat is feasible and significant benefits can be expected over other thermal-energy systems.

scholarly journals THERMOACOUSTIC ENGINE AS A LOW-POWER COGENERATION ENERGY SOURCE FOR AUTONOMOUS CONSUMER POWER SUPPLY

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
A.D. Mekhtiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Thermoacoustic Engine ◽  
Basic Principles

The article deals with the issue of using a thermoacoustic engine as a low-power cogeneration source of energy for autonomous consumer power supply capable of operating on various types of fuel and wastes subject to combustion. The analysis of the world achievements in this field of energy has been carried out. A number of advantages make it very promising for developing energy sources capable of complex production of electrical and thermal energy with a greater efficiency than that of present day thermal power plants. The proposed scheme of a thermal power plant is based on the principle of a Stirling engine, but it uses the most efficient and promising thermoacoustic converter of heat into mechanical vibrations, which are then converted into electric current. The article contains a mathematical apparatus that explains the basic principles of the developed thermoacoustic engine. To determine the main parameters of the thermoacoustic engine, the methods of computer modeling in the DeltaEC environment have been used. A layout diagram of the laboratory sample of a thermal power plant has been proposed and the description of its design has been given. It has been proposed to use dry saturated steam as the working fluid, which makes it possible to increase the generated power of the thermoacoustic engine.

scholarly journals Study of the soil temperature effect on the operation of a low-capacity power plant’s condenser

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Aleksandr E. Kishalov ◽  
Almir A. Zinnatullin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Temperature State ◽  
Decentralized Energy

Every year, the share of decentralized energy generation in Russia is increasing. The following factors contribute to the development of this scenario: increased wear of the country’s energy system equipment, energy shortages, and lack of centralized energy supply in a number of regions and constantly rising tariffs. One of the methods of decentralized energy generation is the use of low-capacity power plants based on the Rankine cycle with an organic working fluid. The operation of such plants requires cooling and condensation of the working fluid by transferring its heat to the environment. This study discusses the design of such a power plant and the heat removal system to a cold source. is the authors consider the design of a condenser which is a horizontal pipeline placed in the ground. Seasonal fluctuations of the soil temperatures affect the operation of the condenser. Thereby, to ensure the stable operation of the power plant, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the effect of the annual dynamics of the soil temperature state on cooling and condensation of the coolant. The study of the temperature fields of the soil, pipeline and working fluid, as well as the lengths required for cooling and condensation of the working fluid, was carried out in the ANSYS CFX software package for numerical hydrodynamic modeling. A homogeneous flow model was chosen to simulate the momentum and condensation of a vapor-liquid medium. Also, the calculations were conducted in a one-dimensional formulation using an engineering method. A methodology for modeling complex processes of heat transfer to the soil using numerical modeling has been developed and verified. 12 calculations were made; the distributions of the steam dryness and temperature in the simulated region depending on the time of the year were obtained. The functions of the total length of the pipeline, cooling and condensation lengths on the soil temperature are analyzed. It has been established that the harmonic change in the temperature of the soil set as the initial condition determines a similar change in the lengths required for cooling and condensation of the working fluid. Using this technique, it is possible to calculate pipelines of more complex shapes. The obtained temperature distributions in cross sections allow to establish the optimal distance between the axes of the pipes when designing a condenser in the form of a bundle of horizontal pipes or a bent pipeline.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEGAGALAN OPERASI COOLING TOWER FAN UNIT 2B PLTU ASAM ASAM

JTAM ROTARY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Andhika Bayu Oktavianto ◽  
Mastiadi Tamjidillah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plant ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
Engineering Team

Salah satu pembangkit listrik di Indonesia adalah pembangkit listrik Asam Asam yang terletak di dekat mulut tambang batubara. Setiap pembangkit listrik membutuhkan sejumlah besar air sebagai fluida kerja atau sebagai air pendingin. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Asam Asam Batubara menggunakan air sungai sebagai air pendingin dengan mesin pendingin sebagai mesinnya. Pada bulan September 2017, menara pendingin unit 2B dari PLTU Asam Asam Batubara mengalami kegagalan operasi karena spacer rusak dan membuat PLTU Asam Asam Batubara mengalami penurunan dan kerugian lainnya. Tim teknik mendiagnosis kasus tersebut karena ketidakselarasan. Berdasarkan uraian akar penyebab masalah, ada tiga masalah utama yang mungkin terjadi yaitu: misalignment, unbalance, dan rotasi gearbox berat. Misalignment adalah pemicu utama untuk serangkaian masalah yang menyebabkan kegagalan operasi menara pendingin. Maka perlu mempelajari masalah utama yang menyebabkan kegagalan operasi menara pendingin untuk ditindaklanjuti dengan pemeliharaan preventif sesuai dengan kondisi saat ini untuk mencegah kegagalan yang serupa di unit 2B dan unit serupa lainnya. One of the power plants in Indonesia is the Asam Asam power plant located near the mouth of the coal mine. Each power plant requires large amounts of water as a working fluid or as a cooling water. Asam Asam Coal Fired Steam Power Plant uses river water as a cooling water with the cooling towers as its engine. In September 2017, the cooling tower unit 2B of Asam Asam Coal Fired Steam Power Plant experienced an operation failure because of the spacer was broken and made the Asam Asam Coal Fired Steam Power Plant to experience derating and other losses. The engineering team diagnoses the case due to misalignment. Based on the description of the root causes of the problem, there are three main problems that might occur namely : misalignment, unbalance, and heavy gearbox rotation. Misalignment is the main trigger for a series of problems causing failure of cooling tower operations. Then it is necessary to study the main problems causing the failure of the cooling tower operation to be followed up with preventive maintenance in accordance with the current conditions to prevent similar failures in unit 2B and other similar units.

scholarly journals The use of organic zeotropic mixture with high temperature glide as a working fluid in medium-temperature vapor power plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Borsukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Zeotropic Mixture ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents the idea of using organic substances as working fluids in vapor power plants, in order to convert the low and medium temperature thermal energy sources into electrical energy. The calculation results of the power plant efficiency for butane-ethane zeotropic mixtures of different mass compositions, for the power plant supplied with hot water having a temperature of 120?C. Based on the results of thermal-flow calculations it was found that the use of zeotropic mixture does not allow to increase the efficiency and output of the power plant (these values appeared as slightly lower ones). However, it was found that, through the selection of a mixture of sufficiently large temperature glide, the heat exchange surface of the condenser can be reduced or a co-generation system can be implemented.

scholarly journals Performance Analyses and Evaluation of Co2 and N2 as Coolants in a Recuperated Brayton Gas Turbine Cycle for a Generation IV Nuclear Reactor Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Suresh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Reactor Power ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Abstract As demands for clean and sustainable energy renew interests in nuclear power to meet future energy demands, generation IV nuclear reactors are seen as having the potential to provide the improvements required for nuclear power generation. However, for their benefits to be fully realized, it is important to explore the performance of the reactors when coupled to different configurations of closed-cycle gas turbine power conversion systems. The configurations provide variation in performance due to different working fluids over a range of operating pressures and temperatures. The objective of this paper is to undertake analyses at the design and off-design conditions in combination with a recuperated closed-cycle gas turbine and comparing the influence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen as the working fluid in the cycle. The analysis is demonstrated using an in-house tool, which was developed by the authors. The results show that the choice of working fluid controls the range of cycle operating pressures, temperatures, and overall performance of the power plant due to the thermodynamic and heat properties of the fluids. The performance results favored the nitrogen working fluid over CO2 due to the behavior CO2 below its critical conditions. The analyses intend to aid the development of cycles for generation IV nuclear power plants (NPPs) specifically gas-cooled fast reactors (GFRs) and very high-temperature reactors (VHTRs).

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